Chen Shixu
Guo Hongsong painting
Tourists visit the flower market and visit the park on Haixinsha Island in the Pearl River in Guangzhou
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Dawei
Guangzhou Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street
From the network
When I was a child, I read Guangzhou from textbooks by previous writers, and I didn't have a single word for "flower".
We found that there is a mountain of flowers and a sea of people. Under the mountains of flowers and green leaves, with a rush of people, we have entered the deepest part of spring. (Bingxin "Remembering Guangzhou Flower Market")
The person who bought the flowers lifted the flower tree on his head and held the potted flower on his shoulder, and the flow seemed to become a strange flower flow again. The people of the southern country really know how to appreciate these messengers of spring. (Qin Mu, "Flower City")
Therefore, I am full of yearning for the "flower city" Guangzhou. And long, read more books, a little bit about the history of the Guangzhou flower market.
Flower Street can be found in ancient times
In ancient times, Luoyang looked at peonies, and Chengdu yue Rongcheng was famous for flowers. Since the opening of the Maritime Silk Road, exotic treasures were first moved in, and Guangzhou is famous for its grassy fragrance and flower charm, which is rarely matched by hundreds of generations. Because there is no heat in Lingnan summer, no cold in winter, abundant rainfall, moist soil, and unique environment, so that the trees are evergreen and the flowers are flourishing. Say what years withered and the moon is glorious, Guangzhou flowers have no age, this flower is thankful, the other flower has bloomed; Say what hurt spring and autumn, Guangzhou flowers have no spring and autumn, this leaf is falling, the other leaf is green.
Flower market, Guangzhou commonly known as "flower street". Hooking and sinking historical documents and pursuing the traces of "Flower Street" has been more than 2,000 years old.
The Western Han Dynasty Lu Jia envoyed South Vietnam and lamented that Guangzhou was a person who "wore flowers with colorful wisps". Zhao Tuo, the king of Nanyue, was homesick and ordered the city to plant frangipani brought by Lu Jia from the western region. In summer, the city is full of snow and fragrant. Women with colored silk, frangipani and jasmine, to wrap around the clouds, is called "flower comb". Frangipani can be refined into sesame oil to make flour or hair polish, or it can be made into ambergris cakes, and the more the charm is farther away. Beggars Festival, Pearl River Frangipani Flower Boat Swim. Thousands of households, all hung frangipani lamps, knotted into the shape of a phoenix, or as a fringed treasure belt. The magnates feasted and drank, and the frangipani balls were given to the guests, and the guests smelled the cold fragrance and woke up drunk. Hanging a double bucket tent can remove summer inflammation, and the pillow is cold for it. Therefore, Cantonese use frangipani as a special object, and it has become popular.
Frangipani is favored for its white and lovely, ranking first in the flower market. The Guangzhou flower market, which is dominated by frangipani flowers, has been recorded as early as the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the "Lingwai Dai Answer" (Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Gofei), when the Frangipani flowers in Guangzhou bloom, "swirling flowers ... Bamboo silk runs through it, sells in the market, one branch and two texts, bid to wear", Guangzhou is called "Tianxiang Jasmine Frangipani". On the south bank of the Pearl River at that time, "Hirata Miwang, all planted frangipani", ("Guangdong New Language") was nothing more than a big garden. Most of the peasant families are engaged in planting flowers and selling flowers, and it is the poet of the Late Qing Dynasty who has a poem "There are many people in the thirty-three townships, and most of them are flower farmers when they meet each other."
In fact, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou had a special business selling flowers. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the suburbs of Guangzhou were flower markets where flowers were sold.
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a perennial flower market was formed. The "Notes on South Vietnam" says: "There is a flower ferry in Guangzhou, on the south bank of the Wuyang Gate. Guangzhou florists carry frangipani to the city every minute, and from then on board the boat, so the name Huadu. ”
Flower crossing head, autumn wave gui mulan boat, red makeup barrier sun shadow leisurely. Leisurely a water is not immediate, who does not pity the flowers like color. Yuyan is also affectionate and does not love Ming (Bao) Zhu to love Frangipani. Jun did not see the money of selling flowers and children full of sleeves, and the spring breeze entered the Five Sheep City. (Qing Fang Dianyuan's "Yangcheng Flower Crossing Song")
The swagger of the flower boat, the delicacy of the flower girl, are all in it.
Chinese New Year's Eve flower market has gradually become commonplace
In the Ming Dynasty, planting flowers in Guangzhou has become a profession, gradually expanding from Jiangnan to flower fields. Shen Fu of the Qing Dynasty specifically wrote about "flower land" in the "Six Records of Floating Life": "For the todo name flower land, the flowers and trees are very rich, and Guangzhou sells flowers." Yu thought that there were no flowers and did not know, so far only know six or seven out of ten, and ask those whose names are not contained in the "Qunfang Genealogy", which shows the prosperity of the flowers in the flower land. "Every year on the seventh day of the first lunar month, ladies travel to the flower fields with their companions, which is the custom at that time. Usually, when the flowers are in bloom, they also wear skirts. As the proverb "want to die is easy to travel through the flower land", "death" is the meaning of "squeezing death", which is the portrayal of the Lantern Festival. During the Guangxu period, the famous paintings of Henan's famous paintings, the home nest and the Julian brothers, once wrote a picture album of 24 different kinds of flowers according to the twenty-four wind and flower letters, so that the flower names and flowers would stay forever.
During the Qianlong period, the flower markets in Guangzhou Chinese New Year's Eve gradually matured and gradually expanded to Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. During the Years of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, there was a Chinese New Year's Eve flower market.
Chinese New Year's Eve is the climax of the flower market. The "Chronicle of Guangzhou Chengfang" records the grand situation of the Chinese New Year's Eve Flower Market: "Every new year's twilight, the two doors in Guangzhou sell hanging bell flowers and daffodils into a market, such as clouds like Xia, everyone small households, sell a few seats, to entertain the years." "At this point, the Guangzhou flower market has become more diverse from a single frangipani flower, not only hanging bell flowers, but also daffodils.
In the 1920s, Guangzhou's large-scale Chinese New Year's Eve flower market was finalized.
The people of Guangzhou are obsessed with flowers and flower markets. Even during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Guangzhou's Chinese New Year's Eve Flower Market was held as usual. Enemy planes roared in the air, and citizens went to the flower market to buy flowers as usual.
In the early 1970s, the scale of the flower market expanded year by year. Guangzhou's top ten "Chinese New Year's Eve flower markets" have a daily traffic of more than one million people.
The most is the Guangzhou flower lovers
Guangzhou Flower Market is a unique folk landscape in China, and it is also a huge collection of beautiful colors in the world, as a long scroll of culture that exudes a strong Lingnan style, and has achieved the reputation of Guangzhou's "Flower City".
The annual Spring Flower Market is a carnival for the people of Guangzhou. However, after living in Guangzhou for ten years, I have not once visited the famous flower markets in Guangzhou.
Because there is no need.
The street below me, every year when the Chinese New Year's Eve is approaching, I have set up rows of bamboo sheds selling fresh flowers and fruits and New Year's supper supplies, and the flower farmers from the four townships have flocked to the street, and the layers of flower racks stretch along the street, like a dragon coiled, with no end in sight. Luoyang peony, Zhangzhou daffodil, Phnom Penh Ruixiang, European lavender, Thai rich palm, Dutch tulip, camellia, peony and Cantonese New Year's essential kumquats, peach blossoms and daffodils, and even the most ordinary cockscomb flowers... It's dizzying. The streets and alleys are full of flowers, and several are submerged by the sea of flowers. A huge archway stands at the main entrance of the street, which is brilliantly illuminated and imposing. The flower market is open, crowded and watery.
An ancient and youthful flower market. The lights are colorful and the spring is as deep as the sea. "People choose and arrange such a scene as the climax of the spring festival, which is really ingenious." (Qin Mu, "Flower City")
However, Mr. Qin Mu's admiration that "Guangzhou suddenly became a 'flower city' in one day" is probably not the case today. Even if it is not Chinese New Year's Eve flower market, Guangzhou is also a family with flowers, colorful households, and flowers are blooming all year round.
Guangzhou people like flowers, raise flowers, and enjoy flowers, just like their love of food, understanding of food, good food. Except for the Xianzhi of the Heavenly Palace and the Qiongyao of the Dragon Palace, all of which can be rewarded. Plant flowers in front of the house and behind the house, arrange flowers indoors in the hall, send flower baskets for opening Zhiqing, marry men and women in floats, visit relatives and friends to bouquets of flowers... Guangzhou has the most florists, twisting and turning, visible to the eye; Guangzhou has the most flower scenes, near and far, and there are few blanks. The giants did not hesitate to seek the national color and heavenly fragrance, and ordinary people had a bowl of kumquats and a few daffodils for the Dynasty.
"Man has no fetish and cannot be intercourse, and with his lack of affection, he cannot be intercourse without defects, and he is also without true qi." (Zhang Dai's "Tao An Dream Memories") In the view of foolishness, birds have bird delusions, fish have fish delusions, stone has stone idiots, wood has wooden idiots, and Guangzhou has many flowers. To say that the flower market is the "ingenuity and unique luck" of Guangzhou people is to say that it is due to their character.
Guangzhou people love life, flowers are the most beautiful proof. Flowers are closely related to the lives of guangzhou people, and water and milk are blended. "Talk about the head", become a unique flower language: peach blossom Yu Hongyun; Citrus show auspiciousness; "Fortune Tree" and "Backgammon", whose righteousness is self-evident; Hanging bell flower "golden bell rings, gold ten thousand two"; The price number is mostly "3", "8", "9", the harmonic pronunciation "sheng", "fa" and "long", fierce, big hair, long; "Hang" is "hang" or "hang big luck".
"Flower City" is the essence of Guangzhou, "like the seed of flowers have the luck, a growth with a beautiful soul", the storage is full of beauty. "Flower Market" is the name of Guangzhou, "the basket is sold into the heavy city, divided into a thousand embroidery pavilion incense", the transaction is beautiful. "Hua Rong" is the expression of Guangzhou, "Qianye Hibiscus is similar, and the hundred lanterns are ashamed", showing the eternal beauty.
(Chen Shixu, contemporary writer, since the 1980s, mainly engaged in literary writing; He has published a variety of works such as novels, short and medium stories, and essay collections, among which "The General of the Town", "Shocking Waves", "Carriage", "Death of the Town Mayor" and so on have won the National Literary Award. )
Editor-in-charge: Ren Xinke