Yang Wanli was diligent in writing poetry, and it is said that he wrote more than 20,000 poems, and more than 4,200 poems are extant. His poetic style is unique and self-contained, and the Canglang Poetry calls it "Sincere Zhai Body". He loves nature, is good at observing nature, with a pair of wise eyes will be the sun, moon, stars, mountains and rivers and other things into the poem, Jiang Kui in the "send chaotian sequel to the chengcheng zhai in Jinling" said Yang Wanli "every year flowers and moons no idle days, everywhere the mountains and rivers are afraid to see the king"; at the same time, he is also good at grasping the dynamics of the rapid changes in natural scenery, with the instantaneous "live" and "beauty" of the scenery to express the "live" and "beauty" of interest.
lotus
"Xiaochi", as Yang Wanli's masterpiece, with a fresh and lively tone and a natural poetry, freezes the interesting early summer xiaochi scenery in the poem:
The springs are silent and the water is silent, and the shade of the trees loves the water. The little lotus only showed its sharp horns, and there were dragonflies standing on its head.
The language of the whole poem is easy to understand, but the "little lotus" in the third sentence is often controversial: does it refer to the lotus flower with buds waiting to be released, or the nascent lotus leaf? The author prefers the latter.
It is believed that "small lotus" refers to the most common argument of the lotus flower because the latter describes its form as "sharp horn", which is very consistent with the morphology of the flower bud when the lotus flower contains buds to be released; however, it is worth noting that when the lotus leaf is first born, its leaves are curled and closed, and the tip is also pointed, and it will be stretched out with the progress of the growth cycle, so the term "sharp horn" is also in line with the form of the nascent lotus leaf.
Morphology of the primary lotus leaf Is pointed and pointed at the upper and lower ends
As we all know, the growth period of lotus in a year can be divided into budding and leaf development, flowering and fruiting, long lotus and dormancy, and June to August is the opening period of lotus flowers. If the specific season of the poem can be verified, then the meaning of the poem will be solved.
The more than 4,200 poems stored by Yang Wanli are recorded as 9 poetry collections and 42 volumes, and almost all of his poems are arranged in the order of the time of appointment and the season, and according to this context, the creation time of the poem "Xiao chi" can be analyzed. However, according to the current research data on the creation time of the poem, it can only be determined that the creation time is located in the year, and the specific month is still uncertain, so it is not feasible to determine what Xiao He refers to from the level of time. (Yang Bajin's "Examination of the Time and Place of Creation of < Koike > Poems")
Removing the factor of creation time, we can speculate in combination with context and poetry.
Lotus this plant is particularly interesting, its aliases are many, and each part has a proper name, in China's oldest dictionary "Erya" interpretation of the herb is recorded in the names of its various parts:
Lotus, Fuqu. Its stem, its leaf lily, its native fern, its fern, its lotus, its root lotus, its root root, the middle of it.
Guo Pu's note: "(Fuqu) alias Furong, Jiangdong Huhe. In addition, the poems are often referred to as "Red Lotus" (Li Bai's "Folding Lotus Has Gifts", "Wading in the River to Play Autumn Water, Loving This Red Lotus Fresh"), "Lotus Flower" (Li Qingzhao's "Dream Order", "Returning to the Boat late at night, mistakenly falling into the depths of the lotus flower"), "Zhu Hua" (Cao Zhi's "Banquet Poem" has "Qiulan is longsaka, Zhu Hua is green pond"), "ShuiZhi" (Ge Lifang's "Bu Operator" "Yuanyuan Shuizhi Red, Pulse CrabApple"), "Red Cloth" (Jiang Fu "Xi Hongyi", "Rainbow Liang Water Strange, Fish Waves Blowing Incense, Red Cloth half wolf") and other other names lotus flowers.
Since the "Book of Poetry", He has been included in poetry, and in the "Guofeng ZhengFeng", it is written that "the mountain has Fusu, and the Yin has Hehua." There is "Making Qihe Thinks of Clothing, Collecting Furongs as Clothes"; here "Qihe" refers to ling leaves and lotus leaves; "Qingyang Du" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties writes "Qinghe covers green water, and Furong is covered with red and fresh". In these verses, it is obvious that the latter two "lotus" appear separately, referring to "lotus leaves", while "lotus" refers to lotus flowers.
Is this phenomenon accidental? Let's first look at Yang Wanli's own dutch poems. According to mr. Yang Bajin's statistics, Yang Wanli's yonghe poems totaled more than 180 poems, and almost all of them were written at four o'clock. From these poems, it can be found that when Yang Wanli wrote about lotus flowers, most of the words used were "lotus" or "hibiscus", such as:
The lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers are different red. ("Xiao out of the Jingci Temple to send Lin Zifang") a few remnants of lotus flowers, soaked in a bottle of spring water incense. ("Litchi Hall Day Rest") Fleur-de-lis drops into its own vessel, blowing on the handle of the high lotus umbrella. ("Spring Stone Xuan Early Autumn Cool Little Lotus Pond") Bystanders asked you what to do, only picking lotus flowers to make trouble. ("Dasi Chengyan Jisheng led the same house to invite Pei Garden, rafting around the lonely mountain to appreciate") Take a nap and ignore it, and the silver basin clear water makes lotus flowers. ("Mountain Residence Nap Up to Make Flowers One of Three Songs") Hundred Miles of Green Mountains and Ten Mile Creek, Lotus Flowers Shine in Red. ("Title Zhang Dai Fu Fu Zhuang Tu Three Songs One") Fold the lotus flower to accompany me, and even more to rub the lotus leaf with the flower sorrow. ("Red and White Lotus in a Bottle")
When describing lotus leaves, most of the words used are "lotus leaves" or "lotus" words used alone, and some will add an adjective, such as "small lotus", "pool lotus", "round lotus", "lotus beads", "lotus sounds" and so on.
The little lotus only shows its sharp corners
But it was the pond lotus that jumped into the rain, scattered the pearls and gathered. ("Zhaojun Grievances YongHe on the Rain") The drizzle of rain scattered jade dust and gathered into small beads. ("Watching the Lotus on the Rain") The lotus beads do not fall, and the fine sound is denser and thinner. ("Light Rain Yujing Pavilion GuanHe") The wind is moving and the rain is pouring out, and the matter is discussed with Junxin. ("Over the Three Qu, Xu Zaishu Picks Chrysanthemums and Carries Wine, Drinks at Night and Walks the Pen Two Songs") Jun yan went to the West Lake rain, and the lotus outside the city came to this building. ("Yang Wanli On the twenty-fourth night of the first month, Zhu Shigu Shaoqing beckoned Xiaolou to see the lights of the second song one") White birds singing on the side of jasper mountain, and the sound of green lotus in the green poplar wind. ("Xiao Zai Lotus Bridge Four Songs One")
Looking at what other poets specifically refer to when using "lotus" alone, Du Fu's "For Agriculture" has: round lotus floating small leaves, fine wheat falling light flowers. The lotus here refers to the lotus leaf; Bai Juyi's "Lotus Picking Song" has "Lingye Lingbo Lotus Wind, Lotus Deep Boat Pass", the former lotus refers to the lotus leaf, the latter is a lotus; Su Shi's "Ruan Lang Gui Early Summer" has a sentence "Slight rain, small lotus turning, durian flowers are about to burn", the "small lotus" here refers to the small and delicate small lotus, after the drizzle, gently flip the lotus leaf.
There is no rain cover at all, and the chrysanthemum residue is still proud of frost branches. (Su Shi's "Gift to Liu Jingwen") Only green lotus red Han Bao, volume Shu open and close Ren naïve. (Li Shangyin's "Gift of Lotus Flowers") Autumn yin does not disperse frost and fly late, leaving dry lotus to listen to the sound of rain. (Li Shangyin, "Su Luo Clan Pavilion Sends Cui Yong Cui Gong") The first sun on the leaf is dry and rainy, the water surface is clear and round, and the wind is lifted. (Zhou Bangyan, "Su MuSha")
In the above poems, "lotus" refers to lotus leaves.
Look at the back of "Xiao chi", the description of Xiao Lotus is the word "Cai Lu", if it refers to the lotus flower, the lotus flower is born alone at the top of the flower stem, above the water surface of Gao Tuo, I think it is not very consistent with the word "Cai Lu", here pointing to the newly exposed water curled lotus leaves are more suitable.
As shown in the figure
From a poetic point of view, most of Yang Wanli's poems have a sense of interest, in addition to highlighting his depiction of nature, freshness and simplicity, the whole poem actually has a little bit of rationality in it, to see the big in the small, to grasp the mood when things start. From the silent springs, the fine flowing water, and the gentle and delicate sunshine in early summer, we can see that the scenery selected by the poem is the softest moment when things have just begun, and this lotus leaf is small, when things are first born.
The Chinese painting "Xiao He Cai Reveals sharp horns" created by the artist Zhu Xuanxian based on the poetry of Yang Wanli's "Xiao Chi" reflects this poetic sentiment very vividly and vividly.
Zhu Xuanxian paintings If there is any infringement, please contact to delete