The first class of cheap things in the world, there is really no idle person.
Yuan Hongdao, Zizhonglang, Shi Gong, also known as Liu Xiu, is a native of Gong'an County, Hubei Province. He was a famous writer and official of the Ming Dynasty. Together with his brother Yuan Zongdao and his brother Yuan Zhongdao, he was known as the Three Yuans of The Gong'an, and it was generally believed that Yuan Hongdao achieved the highest achievement among the three brothers.
Yuan Hongdao's life mainly has two major propositions, one is the literary proposition of "independent lyrical spirit and informality", and the other is the proposition of "leisurely life, becoming a big and free person".
In the field of literature, he opposes writing articles blindly imitating the ancients, in his view, "learning the ancient does not have to mud the ancient", the writing skills of the predecessors and the spirit of the literati are worth learning, the article is closely related to the times, each era should have a unique article style that belongs to each era, therefore, he put forward the "lyrical spirit, informal" spirit theory.
Yuan Hongdao believes that when writing poems and poems, literati must integrate their true emotions, show their true feelings, true intentions, and true dispositions in poetry, and do what they think in their hearts and write in their pens.
For example, the main characteristics of his poems can be summarized as truth, that is, true feelings, true intentions, true hearts, and true dispositions. The second is fun, that is, eclectic, free and vivid poetry. The third is oddity, that is, strange thoughts and strange words. As for the fourth point is lightness, here light is a philosophy of life, abandoning the world and returning to plainness, enjoying a leisurely life with a plain state of mind. generally
"True" is the natural and true, unpolished disposition of "I would like to be a book fish"; "fun" is the worldly taste of "storing snow and plum soup, and incense burning bamboo shoots"; "strange" is the strange language of "it is a place of smoke and hanging teeth"; "light" is "the crane has a tired heart and is reprimanded, and the plum has no high rhyme has also been deleted", and the "learning heart is idle like water leisure" after "the crane has a tired heart, and the plum has not been deleted", which is outside the world and in the landscape and water.
The article of true love and directness has created Yuan Hongdao's freedom and madness, and has also created his different attitude towards life - to be a great free person in the world.
In his opinion, there are four kinds of learners in this world, namely, cynics, births, harmonists, and fittings. And what he most recognizes is the fourth kind of person, the "fittest person", he believes,
There is a unique kind of person, whose person is very strange, but also very hateful. Thinking that Zen is also insufficient; thinking that Confucianism, not learning from Yao, Shun, Zhou, and Kong, not doing things that shame and resignation, being not good at karma, being unable to do a job in the world, and not important in the world. Although there is nothing to disobey in the world, the wise men and gentlemen rebuke it and fear it is not far off.
What Yuan Youdao wants to do is the most important person in the world, in his view, "the peace of sex, can not be strong, act rashly, is a real person." "Only by acting according to one's own disposition can one be a true, genuine, and complete person."
In addition, Yuan Hongdai once said that "there are five kinds of true happiness in life":
"One is the pleasure of playing with sound and color, the second is the joy of the guests' feast, the third is the joy of gathering high friends and elegant gatherings, the fourth is the pleasure of traveling, and the fifth is the joy of extreme happiness and poverty."
Yuan Hongdao's Five Pleasures are actually self-deprecating, he believes that the happiness of poverty is the most of the five pleasures, the true happiness of life, and it is to be "the most important person in the world", but at that time, he was a "critical person" who was uncomfortable, and the "unimportant person" who was comfortable could not do it.
He was a mid-career soldier at the age of 24, and began to serve as an official at the age of 27, until his death at the age of 43, he served as an official of the imperial court three times, resigned from the government three times and went into hiding, and the cumulative time of being an official did not exceed 7 years, so it was so easy to be a "great free person in the world"!
In 1568, Yuan Hongdao was born in Chang'an Village, Chang'an, Gong'an County, Hubei Province, and the Yuan family was originally a local noble family, but later, in a famine, the family wealth was scattered to help thousands of disaster victims, and the Yuan family was able to decline. Perhaps it was heaven's compensation for the Yuan family that led to the birth of the "Three Yuans".
Yuan Hongdao's father, Yuan Shiyu, wanted to obtain a meritorious name all his life, but he has not been able to obtain it, so Yuan Shiyu has high hopes for his three sons and urges him to study every day, it can be said that Yuan Shiyu is the earliest enlightenment teacher of the "Three Yuans". In addition, his maternal uncle Gong clan also had a huge influence on the early learning of the "Three Yuans".
Public security three Yuan
With the teaching of his father and the support of his maternal uncle, the "Three Yuans" read poetry and books from an early age.
When Yuan Hongdao was born, the eldest brother Yuan Zongdao was already nine years old, Yuan Hongdao had shown extraordinary intelligence since childhood, and he could write righteous articles at the age of ten or so, and at the age of fifteen or sixteen, he formed a literary club with his first Yuan Zhongdao, and he became the president of the society, and many people under the age of thirty regarded him as a teacher.
When he was young, Yuan Hongdao had begun to show his crazy temperament, and he often promised to be crazy.
Sitting alone is really stuffy, lonely anvil is in the twilight. Qiankun is evil, and the world's road is crazy.
Such madness also hinted at his future vision of not wanting to be bound by the officialdom.
In 1584, Yuan Hongdao rushed to Jiangling to take the Jingzhou government examination, and when Emperor Shenzong raided Zhang Juzheng's family property, Yuan Hongdao witnessed all this and wrote a long poem "Ancient Jing"
Han En He shallow heaven and thin, a hundred years of crown belt sitting Xiao Suo. In the past, booing became a cloud of smoke, and now it is lost in the mud.
For Yuan Hongdao, who has not yet entered the army, this incident may also be one of the causes of his future boredom with the officialdom.
In 1586, Yuan Zongdao was the first to enter the army, which greatly encouraged Yuan Hongdao. Two years later, in 1588, the twenty-one-year-old Yuan Hongdao participated in the township examination, and the following year, he failed to participate in the examination.
On this day, I was overwhelmed with joy. When the ancient trees are there, the forest flowers are cold. Xialai scales the city, and the mountains are late in the evening. Go to the cangjiang river, and the wild song is still untouched.
Accompanied by a bold poem, in 1591 AD, Yuan Hongdao went north to take the exam, and the following year, jinshi and the first, and then returned home to be a candidate. He spent nearly three years in his hometown, and during these three years, Yuan Hongdao lived every day as "a statue talking about wine, everything and singing wildly." "Life.
In 1594, Yuan Hongdao entered the army for the first time and was awarded the WuXian County Order, but what everyone did not expect was that in the second year of his appointment, Yuan Hongdao repeatedly went to the "Beggar Return Draft" and requested zhishi. It was not until 1597 that he was finally approved to resign. So why did Yuan Hongdao resign after taking office a few days after taking office? Is it because it doesn't govern the county?
On the contrary, Yuan Hongdao was a man of considerable political talent, and in Wu County, he eliminated local extra taxes, eliminated redundant personnel, benefited the people and worked diligently, and won the reputation of "no such order in two hundred years" and was quite loved by the local people. So, what exactly caused him to want to leave his job quickly?
According to his own words, "Life is very bitter for officials, and orders are particularly bitter, and if you do Wu Ling, it will be ten thousand times more bitter, and it is not as good as a straight cow and horse." But there is also a reason that he has no intention of officialdom, and when he went to Beijing to take the test, he wrote:
"Always flood this place for the floating name, and look at the king in the north and south of the river."
In this way, he expresses his contempt for the floating name and is not trapped by the floating name.
In fact, the most important reason is that Yuan Hongdao wants to be a suitable person, to be a person who is very comfortable in the world, so he chose to leave the official field.
"Defeat the iron net, break the tong shackles, step out of the sword tree of the sword mountain, jump into the cool Buddha land, and be happy beyond words!" Indescribable! ”
Yuan Hongdao, who left the official field, was in a relaxed and comfortable mood, and after that, he and his friends traveled all over the southeast beautiful scenery, and their footprints reached more than 2,000 miles. At this time, he was in a good mood because of his sightseeing in the mountains, so the poems he composed were all lyrical and spiritual, fresh and free.
However, the good days are always short-lived, after the end of the southeast trip, the family has little savings, helpless, in the face of reality, had to enter the army again, the "great free man" only did less than a year and ended.
In 1598, Yuan Zongdao, who was an official in Beijing, sent a letter to Yuan Hongdao to beijing as an official, so Yuan Hongdao went north to Beijing and served as an official of Jingzhao, and in March of the following year, he was promoted to assistant teacher of Guozijian. In 1600, he was also awarded the ceremonial chief of the Ministry of Rites. A few months later, he begged again to return to the south. In September, his brother Yuan Zongdao died, Yuan Hongdao was devastated, and he was even more indifferent to the officialdom, and soon after, he went to the "Confession of Illness" and begged for a long period of reclusiveness to his hometown, and his resignation was approved in 1601 AD.
Beginning in 1601, Yuan Hongdao began a six-year-long home life at home, building a business on a low-lying land of 300 acres south of the county seat, and discussing literature with friends every day. Although he has lived here for a long time, Yuan Hongdao cannot forget the Confucian sentiment of renunciation, he wrote in a letter to his friends:
"If you are careless in the mountains, you don't think about it, and you don't really forget Chang'an."
Therefore, in 1606 AD, due to the increasing embarrassment of his family and the "boredom" of his reclusive life, Yuan Hongdao was appointed as an official for the third time and supplemented Cao Yi as the chief.
In 1610, Yuan Hongdao died of illness in September of the same year at the age of forty-three.
Yuan Hongdao's life has been into the army three times, three times into hiding, and he wants to be a "big free person" in his life, but in the end he did not do it, and he finally lost in front of reality.
In fact, each of us wants to be a "person who is at ease" and a "person who does not matter in the world", which cannot be said to be an escape, but a freedom of heart, but we have too many responsibilities to bear. Only when we have fulfilled these responsibilities one by one can we realize our great freedom.
Just like Yuan Hongdao, he has always carried a very heavy responsibility, first of all, he wants to earn money, a very real problem, because behind him is a family, and he is the pillar of the family. The second is the responsibility of Confucians, and learning and excelling is a belief of Confucians in previous generations, and it is also a responsibility. Therefore, this leads him to be in an embarrassing situation where the "urgent person" is uncomfortable, and the comfortable "unspecific person" cannot do it.
The valuable thing about Yuan Hongdao is that he has not given up his responsibilities, although he very much wants to be a "person of great ease".
Historically, there have been many hermits who have given up their responsibilities in life in order to pursue their "great free life", and the lives of these people seem to me to be failures.
In short, in history, there have been many people who have ridiculed Yuan Hongdao's three masters and three hiddens, but in my opinion, Yuan Hongdao's life has produced his own dashing. Just as his literary advocacy is "lyrical and informal", so is his life.
Finally, may every reader realize his or her "great freedom" life as soon as possible and become a true "great freedom person".
References: Commentary on Yuan Hongdao, by Zhou Qun
"On the Practice of Yuan Hong's Taoist Spiritual Theory in Poetry Creation: Taking the "Xiaobitang Collection" as an Example" Zhu Qian
"Leisure and Materialism: Yuan Hongdao's Aesthetic View of Life" Xiao Ying
"On the Relationship between Yuan Hongdao's Philosophical Thought, Literary Concepts and Sexual Spiritual Theory in the Early Period of Creation" Guan Wei
"On the Ideological Roots and Historical Influence of Yuan Hongdao's "Madness"" Liu Shuowei
"Yuan Hongdao's Poetic Style and Attitude Towards the WTO after You Deshan and Taoyuan" Wu Xiaojing
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