According to the ecological habits of the bare-lipped fish, the bare-lipped fish is suitable for factory culture in cement ponds
Zhou Huashu
At present, with the improvement of reservoirs and the dismantling of cages, the breeding space is shrinking, and the commercial fish of bare-lip fish in the market is in short supply, and the price is constantly rising. According to the ecological habits of the bare-lipped fish, after investigation and feasibility analysis, the bare-lip fish is suitable for factory culture in cement ponds. [Yoshiyama Huayao self-media network debut]
1. Materials and methods
1. Selection of farms and water quality requirements The farm selection is in Niujiaodi Village, Chunchi Town, Zhouning County, Fujian Province, with convenient transportation, sufficient water quantity and no pollution, located at the side of the mountain stream, the water temperature of the aquaculture water is not higher than 31 °C all year round, the pH is 6.5 ~ 7.8, and the transparency of the stream is above 50 cm.
2. Construction of breeding ponds The breeding ponds are built according to the actual situation of the site selection, and the ponds adopt natural inlet and drainage, and can be cultivated in flowing water all year round. At the highest point of the farm, 5 meters × 15 meters × 1.8 meters sand filter are built, and the introduced aquaculture water is filtered by the sand filter and then enters the reservoir (4 meters×4 meters × 1.5 meters), and then enters the breeding pond after sterilization by ultraviolet light. The breeding pond is best built into a round or oval shape, the pond wall is made of brick, the area is 100 to 200 meters2, the surface is wiped with cement, and the bottom of the pond is irrigated with cement sand and stone to form the bottom of the pot. According to the size of the pool, the water outlet is connected to the center of the pool with a diameter of 110 to 160 mm PVC pipe, and the inlet is connected with a diameter of 110 mm PVC pipe to form an adjustable flow direction, guide the water flow to the bottom layer, drive the entire pool water rotation, flip the entire pool water, promote the exchange of water flow at the bottom of the pool and facilitate sewage discharge. The breeding pond is 6 ports of 100 m2 and 5 ports of 200 m2, a total of 1600 m2, the average water depth reaches 0.8 m, independent inlet and drainage pipes are set up, and equipped with microporous oxygenation system to increase dissolved oxygen in the water and prevent the occurrence of hypoxia accidents caused by insufficient water sources in the dry season.
3. Installation of the bait machine Install 1 "Yuyi" brand variable frequency feeder at the edge of each pond, the model can feed different sizes of granular feed, with the function of adjusting the feeding time, the amount of bait, the bait area, etc., reducing the cost of manual operation in the process of breeding production, and implementing "regular, quantitative, fixed-point" feeding, thereby improving the utilization rate and conversion rate of bait.
Second, the preparation before stocking
1. Disinfection of breeding ponds The newly built cement ponds must be soaked for 1 to 2 months, and after their alkalinity disappears, the pond water is drained and then injected with new water, and the seedlings can be stocked after strict disinfection. Disinfectant drugs are typically soaked in 3 mg/L of bleach powder or 5 mg/L of chlorine dioxide for 24 hours, then rinsed off with clean water and then injected with clean water for later use.
2. Inspection of facilities Check whether the production electricity and standby generators, sand filtration systems, sterilization equipment, inlet and drainage systems and oxygenation equipment are faulty, and carry out necessary maintenance or repairs.
3. Stocking of fry
The advantages and disadvantages of the fry are directly related to the efficiency of breeding, so the introduced bare-lip fish fry should choose seedlings with robust physique, agile activity, no scale shedding on the surface of the body, no parasites, and no deformities. On October 16, 2016, a batch of bare-lip fish fry, with a total length of about 3 cm, was purchased from Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, with a neat specification, and transported by live water truck. The fry arrived at the farm to adjust the water temperature, so that the difference between the water temperature and the pond water temperature on the transport truck should not exceed 5 °C, and soaked in 5 to 10 mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 6 minutes before entering the pond; the average was put into 6 100 m2 ponds, and the average per mouth was about 22,000 fish; the depth of the aquaculture water was about 60 cm, and the culture was deepened to 80 cm for 30 to 50 days. After 3 months of rearing, by 26 February 2017, the total number of seed species up to 5 centimeters was screened, and 80 to 90 fish per square meter were stocked in 5 ponds of 200 meters per mouth. There are 43,000 small-sized seedlings under 5 cm, which are placed on average in 6 ponds with an area of 100 m2, and the depth of the culture water reaches 80 cm. The survival rate of the pool screening reached 98.5%. The above selected seeds need to be soaked in 5 to 10 mg/elevated potassium manganate for 3 to 6 minutes before entering the pond, and the culture reaches the size of commercial fish (24 to 30 fish/kg) for sale.
4. Breeding management
1. Feed feeding The light lip fish bait is fed with eel feed and shrimp crushing material in the early stage, according to the ratio of 1:1, kneaded into a ball with water mixture and then fed, and after 10 days of feeding, it is switched to automatic feeding machine feeding. In the early stage, the shrimp crushing No. 0 is used for automatic feeding, when the water temperature is about 25 ° C, feeding 3 times a day, that is, 9:00-9:30, 13:00-13:30, 17:00-17:30, the amount of bait is 3% to 5% of the fish body weight; each feeding time is 20 minutes, and the feeding port and the baiting area of the bait machine gradually increase with the growth of the fish body. After 45 days of feeding, shrimp pellet No. 1 was switched to, and the water temperature dropped to 14°C. By March 2018, when the water temperature rises to 15 °C, the No. 0 float will be fed twice a day (10:00-10:30, 16:00-16:30), and the amount of feeding will be 1% of the fish's body weight; when the water temperature is 18~22 °C, the daily feeding amount will increase to 2%~3% of the fish's body weight. Bait feeding should be done "four fixed", that is, timing, quality, quantification, positioning, feeding should also be based on water temperature, weather conditions, individual bare lip fish and feeding situation flexible grasp, appropriate adjustment, feeding amount to the fish to eat eight or nine points is appropriate, according to the growth of the seed timely adjustment of the size of the bait and the amount of bait. When switching feed, the initial feeding amount should be reduced, and then slowly increased, and only in the winter at noon on a sunny day should be appropriately less or no.
2. Daily management
(1) Insist on patrolling the pool in the morning, middle and evening every day, carefully observe the fish activities, feeding, health, water level and other conditions in the pool, and check whether there are loopholes or blockages in the inlet and drainage outlets, and find problems to be dealt with in time. If the amount of water is found to be insufficient, it is necessary to start the aerator to supplement the dissolved oxygen in the water to help the fish maintain a good growth state, sample and predict the total number of fish every month and sample the growth of the fish, so as to provide a basis for the next stage of feeding. It is necessary to carry out sewage suction on a regular basis, generally once a week, to keep the pond water clean, and to make daily records of the aquaculture production process (including water temperature, weather, feeding volume, medication, dead fish, sales, etc.).
(2) With the growth of the fish body, it is necessary to divide the pond in time, divide the pond once every 3 months, and try to put the same size of fish in the same pond for breeding, so as to facilitate the growth of fish feeding and improve the growth rate of the fish body. In the screening, it must be brisk, try to operate with water, so as not to harm the fish body, and disinfect it with potassium permanganate after the pool is divided.
(3) Timely grasp the typhoon, flood and other information, early preparation. When the typhoon comes, it is necessary to arrange personnel on duty, so as to avoid the inlet being blocked or too thick and turbid water flowing into the filter pool, causing the filter load to be too large, can not meet the requirements of aquaculture water, and the problem must be cut off and the aerator must be started to increase oxygenation to reduce unnecessary losses.
Fifth, disease prevention and control
Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, prevention and control combined", first of all, pay attention to good control when stocking fish species, fish species require physical fitness, no disease and no injury; secondly, regular mixing feeding of aquatic special multivitamins and astragalus polysaccharides and liver-protecting choleretic preparations to improve the immunity of fish. In the process of breeding, although the following kinds of fish diseases appear, due to the preventive measures in place, the timely treatment of the symptoms, the entire breeding process is better, the disease is controlled, and the use of national prohibited fishing drugs is eliminated.
1. Water mold disease This disease is caused by fungal parasitic fish body surface after mechanical manipulation of fish body damage. The water mold hyphae are white, and the cotton wool flutters in the water and is visible to the naked eye. After the fish parasitizes the water mold, it will show irritability, because the hyphae suck the tissue nutrients in the surface of the fish, coupled with the bacterial infection wound, so that the epidermal tissue necrosis, the diseased fish due to thinness and gradually die. Prevention and control methods: (1) Thorough disinfection with quicklime or bleaching powder before seed release can reduce the occurrence of this disease. (2) The seed transported and screened in the sub-tank must be soaked for 5 to 10 mg/elevated potassium manganate for 3 to 6 minutes before entering the pond, and the fish body is not injured during the fishing operation. (3) If it is found that the fish suffering from water mold disease use "mold net" to sprinkle the whole pool to make the pool water appear 1 mg / liter, once a day, even 3 times, or use the five times to grind and soak the whole pool with boiling water, so that the pool water 6 mg / l, even use twice, 1 time a day can be cured.
2. Enteritis The pathogen of enteritis is enteric punctate aeromonas, which is a conditional pathogenic bacteria, and the symptoms of sick fish are generally manifested as solitary swimming, slow movement, loss of appetite, enlarged abdomen, erythema on the sides, red and swollen anus, and yellow mucus flowing out of the anus when gently squeezing the abdomen; anatomy can see that the intestinal wall is congested and inflamed, there is no food in the intestine, only yellowish mucus, and the inner wall is eroded. Prevention and control methods: (1) Create a good pond environment in the breeding process, maintain a high level of dissolved oxygen in the water body, and regularly feed with ultra-micro "three yellow powder" mixtures for 3 consecutive days. (2) If fish are found to be sick, it can be cured by taking it for 3 to 5 days with antibiotic mixture.
3. Bacterial gill rot disease, bacterial gill disease is mainly caused by columnar xanthobacterium, the onset of water temperature 22 ~ 30 °C, is one of the most common bacterial diseases, often complicated with other bacterial diseases, especially after continuous rainy weather when the water temperature rises more likely to occur. Symptoms are blackening, loss of appetite, solitude, unresponsiveness, dyspnea, whitish gills, sometimes gill filament end defects, or accompanied by sludge, resulting in a large number of deaths in severe cases. Prevention and control method: in the onset season, sprinkle biscular chlorine dioxide once every half a month to make the pool water appear 1 to 2 mg/l, cut off the water source when taking the drug, and start the aerator to soak for 12 hours. If it is found that fish with gill rot disease are taken internally with "florfenicol" and ultra-micro "three yellow powder" mixtures, and the external splash of dichloride makes the pool water 2 mg /l, it can be cured after 2 to 3 days.
4. Wheelworm disease Wheelworm disease is mainly caused by some species of parasites in the genus Wheelworm or small wheelworm genus. The symptoms of the disease are mainly manifested as the pathogenic fish being stimulated by the parasitism of the insect body, causing the tissue to inflame and secrete a large amount of mucus, the body color is black, the food is not strong, or the food is stopped and swam alone. When microscopy is examined, the reverse side can see the round butterfly shape, and when it moves, it is like a wheel turning, so it is called a wheel worm. Prevention and control methods: (1) Use ultra-micro "Artemisia annua powder" mix once a month and feed for 3 days for prevention. (2) It is found that the fish get sick with "formalin" to make the pool water 30 to 35 mg / liter, soak for 12 hours, cut off the water source after the drug, start the aerator can be cured. (3) Light-lipped fish is more sensitive to copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and it is forbidden to use this drug to treat wheelworm disease.
6. Results and discussion
1. Harvest in the 1600 m2 aquaculture water surface pond, 80 to 85 seeds per square meter of water surface, a total of 130,000 seeds with a total length of 3 cm, after 18 months of breeding, began to sell on April 6, 2018 to May 16, 2018 sold out, a total of 4900 kg of bare-lip fish, the largest individual 75 grams, the smallest individual 32 grams, the average weight of 41 g / tail, survival rate of 92%, the average price of the pond mouth 100 yuan / kg, a total income of 490,000 yuan.
2. Production efficiency Seedlings 78,000 yuan (130,000 tails ×0.6 yuan / tail), transportation costs 0.36 million yuan, bait coefficient 2.1, bait costs 115,000 yuan (including shrimp crushing material 10,000 yuan, eel feed 0.6 million yuan, protein 42% of different particle size floats 99,000 yuan), multi-dimensional, astragalus, polysaccharides 0.5 million yuan, fish medicine costs 0.6 million yuan, labor costs 40,000 yuan, site depreciation costs of 10,000 yuan, electricity and other costs of 20,000 yuan. The total investment is 277,600 yuan, the total income is 490,000 yuan, the total profit is 212,400 yuan, and the input-output ratio is 1:1.8.
3. Discussion Light-lipped fish prefers to eat moss and algae growing on rocks under natural conditions, which plays a greater role in purifying water quality, and is an important species of river ecological restoration and resource restoration. The need for river breeding and stocking overlaps with the public's consumption demand for high-quality fish, so that the fry and commercial fish of bare lip fish are in short supply, and its commodity price is high, which is a freshwater famous and excellent special breed with high aquaculture economic benefits. The use of automatic feeding machine can carry out a small number of multiple meals feeding bait, and in the feeding of bait to avoid artificial feeding when a one-time into the water, the fish is not eaten, so that the bait soaked in the water caused by nutrient loss, thereby affecting the utilization rate of bait; can also be regular fixed point feeding, reduce the labor intensity of manual feeding, save manpower. Carry out cement pond factory breeding of bare-lip fish, requiring the construction of site site water quality new clean pollution-free, production electricity, convenient transportation of the place to build the farm, because the fish has a cluster eating habits, so the early small size can be put into the density is relatively high, raised to most of the 5 cm or more and then screened pond, after screening 80 to 85 tails per square meter of water surface. To clear water long flow, maintain a good breeding environment, water flow and flow rate should vary according to the season, water temperature, generally spring slow flow, summer rapids, winter microflow, flow rate is generally 2 ~ 3 m / min, water flow of about 1 liter / second, if the amount of water is not enough to use the start aerator to supplement dissolved oxygen in the water, to ensure the normal growth of fish to avoid causing death due to the lack of oxygen of fish due to too small water, maintain a good breeding environment, you can raise good fish, produce benefits.