"Long Hua gave the first illumination of Danxin, the mighty spirit is like a rainbow shuo ancient and modern, a thousand trees and peach blossoms condensed blue blood, and the workers look up to Shi Ying for thousands of generations."
In this poem entitled "Remembering the Martyrs of Zhao Shiyan," Wu Yuzhang, who became a cross-century revolutionary old man after the Penghu Reform Law, the Xinhai Revolution, the War of Yuan, the Northern Expedition, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation, and the construction of New China, spoke highly of Zhao Shiyan, a famous leader of china's workers' movement.
"Shi Ying" is the pen name Zhao Shiyan used when he wrote articles in party and trade union publications.
Zhao Shiyan was a native of Youyang, Sichuan (now part of Chongqing), born in 1901.
In 1915, Zhao Shiyan was admitted to the Attached Middle School of Beijing Higher Normal School. During the period when the new cultural movement was in full swing, under the influence of "New Youth" sponsored by Chen Duxiu, Zhao Shiyan threw himself into the new cultural movement and got to know Li Dazhao and others. In 1919, through the introduction of Li Dazhao, he joined the Young Chinese Society, actively participated in the May Fourth Patriotic Movement, and participated in the editing of progressive publications such as "Civilian Weekly", "Teenagers" semi-monthly magazine and "Work Reading" semi-monthly magazine, and publicized anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideas.
Zhao Shiyan
In May 1920, Zhao Shiyan went to France for work-study. In the spring of 1921, together with Zhang Shenfu and Zhou Enlai, he initiated the establishment of the early organization of the Communist Party of China in France and became a member of the Communist Party of China.
In 1922, Zhao Shiyan and Zhou Enlai initiated the establishment of the Young Chinese Communist Party in Europe. Zhao Shiyan served as secretary of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee, and then as a member of the General Branch of the COMMUNIST Party in Europe and the secretary of the French group of the Communist Party of China.
Deng Rong, the daughter of Deng Xiaoping, once said that when his father Deng Xiaoping talked about his experience of studying in France and working and studying, he said that the leaders of the revolutionary organizations at that time were Zhao Shiyan first and Zhou Enlai second. Deng Xiaoping was young at the time, and after he joined the organization, he sincerely admired and admired Zhao Shiyan and Zhou Enlai, and he treated them as brothers. For example, in France, Zhao Shiyan was higher than Zhou Enlai, Zhou Enlai was higher than Chen Yannian, after returning to China, Chen Yannian's position was the highest, Chen Yannian was indeed capable, and his views were higher than others, and his sacrifice was a pity. After Zhao Shiyan returned to China, he worked under them, but he didn't care, everyone didn't care about status, without those ideas, it was a revolution, which was the characteristic of the early Communists.
Zhao Shiyan is three years younger than his friend Zhou Enlai.
In 1924, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Yannian, Wang Ruofei and others led a group of young people to study at the Communist University of Eastern Laborers in Moscow. After returning to China the following year, Zhao Shiyan successively served as chairman of the Beijing local executive committee of the CPC, director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Northern Region Executive Committee, and director of the Workers' Movement Committee, assisting Li Dazhao in leading the struggle in the northern provinces.
Li Dazhao once praised the main assistant next to him, saying: "ShiYan has a fast brain, and many questions are very inspiring to me. ”
In March 1926, the Party Central Committee appointed Zhao Shiyan as the director of the Organization Department of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang District Committees of the Communist Party of China, the secretary of the Party Group of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, and the secretary of the Military Commission of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang District Committees.
Under the pseudonym "Shi Ying", Zhao Shiyan launched a series of workers' strikes and secretly organized armed uprisings. Because he had received military training in Moscow, he personally taught how to shoot and organize combat formations at secret training points.
In October, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Wuhan, and the revolutionary situation further developed. However, due to the immencence of time, the first and second armed uprisings of the Shanghai workers failed.
On March 21, 1927, the workers of Shanghai staged a third armed uprising. Together, Zhao Shiyan and Zhou Enlai commanded a workers' picket with only 150 guns and launched an attack on the 3,000-strong Zhilu army. Zhao Shiyan took the lead and bravely charged into the battlefield. After more than 30 hours of fierce fighting, the rebels defeated the warlord forces. This was a feat of the Chinese workers' movement during the Great Revolution and made an important contribution to the victory of the Northern Expeditionary Army in the jiangsu and Zhejiang battlefields.
After the success of the third armed uprising, Chiang Kai-shek led the Northern Expeditionary Army into Shanghai, and on April 12, the massacre began, and Zhao Shiyan and others went underground.
In May 1927, Zhao Shiyan attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Wuhan and was elected as a member of the Central Committee. Later, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee, acting secretary, and chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, and continued to lead the revolutionary struggle.
At that time, there were constantly sacrifices, and there were also those who were not firm in their will to defect from the party and defected, and every time Zhao Shiyan presided over a meeting of the Jiangsu Provincial PARTY Committee, he saw fewer and fewer people coming, and repeatedly encouraged everyone to strengthen their convictions. Some comrades reported that they had been extorted by traitors on the road and threatened to go to the inform if they did not give money.
After hearing this, Zhao Shiyan indignantly said: "We must not give money!" In the future, when you encounter a traitor, you will think of getting rid of him, and if you can't get rid of it, you will find an organizational idea to kill him! ”
Zhao Shiyan proposed the establishment of a "red team" of workers' secret armed forces to deal with traitorous agents. Shortly after his death, this organization was organized by Zhou Enlai and became the "Sword of Wuhao" that terrified the traitors.
On July 2, Kuomintang detectives broke into Zhao Shiyan's residence based on the confessions of the secretary general of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, who had defected. At this time, he went out and did not return, and the enemy crouched in the house.
Zhao Shiyan's wife Xia Zhixu and mother-in-law Xia Niangniang were very anxious, and when they saw him enter the courtyard door at the window, they struggled to push the flowerpot that called the alarm down from the window sill, but unfortunately, because the wind and rain were too big, Zhao Shiyan did not see it and still walked in, and was arrested.
During the interrogation, Zhao Shiyan firmly stated: "The heroes do not give up sacrifices. "He was tortured and beaten, but he was always unyielding.
On July 19, Zhao Shiyan was executed at the Longhua Police Headquarters in Shanghai, and after his head was cut off, his body did not fall for a long time, frightening the executioner.
Writing this, the author can't help but burst into tears.
Under the influence of Zhao Shiyan, his sister Zhao Juntao later embarked on the revolutionary road and married the famous revolutionary martyr Li Shuoxun, and their son was Li Peng, who had been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee, premier of the State Council, and chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. (Liu Jixing)