Mitsuhide (1528 – July 2, 1582) was an important general under Oda Nobunaga during the Sengoku period of Japan, fully known as Wise Tenbes Wei Mitsuhide, and one of the most important strokes he left in history was the honnō-ji Rebellion on June 2, 1582 (June 2, 1582), which attacked and killed its lord Oda Nobunaga. The Honnoji Rebellion was the largest and most famous coup in Japanese history, and the history of Japan was rewritten.
(Wise Hikari)
In the 10th year of Tenshō (1582), Oda Nobunaga eliminated the Takeda clan of Kai, and unification of the world was just around the corner. In May, Hideyoshi Hashiba, who was in charge of a chinese (Sanyo-San'in region in western Honshu, Japan, which had nothing to do with China), faced 40,000 Maori's army and sent a request for reinforcements from Nobunaga. On June 1, Nobunaga's reinforcements of 35,000 men, including the Izumo and Iwami mitsuhide troops, nobunaga himself, with less than 100 guards, set out from Azuchi Castle, and that night Oda Nobunaga stayed at Honnoji Temple in Kyoto, and it was also on the same night that more than 13,000 members of the Wise Army came out of the battle, and when they entered Gyogawa, Mitsuhide finally issued a "Enemy is at Honnoji Temple!" On the morning of June 2, the wise rebels surrounded Honnō-ji Temple, and only a few dozen people with minor surnames were following Oda Nobunaga.
At the beginning of the battle, twenty-four people with the surname Nobunaga, including Katsusuke Yashiro and Enzoemon, were all killed in battle, and YuasaSuke, Kokura Matsutoshi, and others who were staying or living nearby came to the rescue and tried to break into the temple, but they were also heroically martyred.
(Honnoji No. Munji Change Film)
The war progressed quickly, Oda Nobunaga himself was exposed to the wise rebels, he fought with the last of his cronies Senran Maru and others, and finally retired wounded and retired to the inner chamber and set himself on fire, at the age of 49.
Oda Nobunaga left behind this desperate poem:
Fifty years of life is like a dream or a fantasy. There is life and death, and the strong man has no regrets.
(A generation of tyrants in Honnō-ji Temple, the body has not been found)
The reason why Mitsuhide initiated the honnoji Rebellion was the mystery of Japanese history, and there are many speculations and explanations. The more famous theories of resentment (including the theory of the death of the mother, the theory of the stinky fish, the theory of loss, etc.), the theory of the imperial court, the theory of Hideyoshi's black curtain, the theory of Ieyasu's black curtain, the theory of conflicting ideals, the theory of preventing Nobunaga's usurpation, and so on.
So what is the motivation and reason for Wise Mitsuhide?
In fact, we carefully examine the theory of the death of the mother in the resentment theory (when Mitsuhide captured Hatano's Yakami Castle, Nobunaga decided to kill Hatano Hideharu and Hatano Hideyoshi, and as a result, he angered Hatano's courtiers and killed Mitsuhide's mother before exchanging hostages), Stinky Fish said (Mitsuhide was responsible for receiving Tokugawa Ieyasu for his work, but Nobunaga reprimanded Mitsuhide because he was dissatisfied with Mitsuhide's hospitality and the taste of fish in the lake water, so he reprimanded Mitsuhide and ordered others to take charge of the work), Lost Said (Nobunaga made Senran Maru the lord of Sakamoto Castle, Mitsuhide will lose his domain), many of these claims did not appear until the Edo period, and the original sources of information were isolated evidence and were not highly credible; the claims that Mitsuhide was deprived of his domain (sealing Izumo and Iwami, but both of these countries required Mitsuhide to conquer themselves) and Yuroku could not be corroborated.
On the contrary, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu (Toyotomi) hideaway theory and (Tokugawa) Ieyasu say that although they seem to be reasonable on the surface, there is not much evidence, and on the contrary, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu both had a brief period of inconclusivity after the honnoji rebellion, and after doing so, they used this opportunity to become beneficiaries, and they could not reverse their earliest involvement in the conspiracy.
(Map of the Division of Japanese Occupation during the Oda Nobunaga Period)
In fact, we can also do a basic analysis from time. That is, also two days after the change of Honnō-ji Temple, Mitsuhide was made a shogun by the imperial court, that is, a shogun, and with his rapid defeat, his period was called "Three Days of Heaven".
Tan Gu On Jin has previously released that this person is known as a military god along with Takeda Shingen, and let's see his deep heart
Among them, Uesugi Kenshin's appointment to the Echigo Guardian awarded to him by the shogun two days after the death of Echigo Shogun became the key to our "solving the case", and the two days after the death of Mitsuhide Wise mitsuhide were also meaningful.
At that time, although the Kyoto Imperial Court only had a fictitious name and no real power, it was necessary to obtain its theoretical endorsement and authorization to become a "tianxiaren" (the actual ruler of Japan), in fact, the imperial court had been forced to let Oda Nobunaga choose one of the positions from the Taizheng Minister, Sekibai (in theory, the Taisho Minister was the regent of the Emperor in his infancy, and the regency after the Emperor became an adult was called Guanbai, which was only the design of the name of the actual ruler) and the General Sekiyoshi (known as the three-post promotion incident). However, whether due to Nobunaga's deliberate delay or the insincerity of the imperial court, this appointment was never carried out, and within a few days of the murder of Wise Mitsuhide's rebellion against Oda Nobunaga, the imperial court quickly appointed Wise Mitsuhide as the great general of the Seiyi, which seems to have explained everything.
(Tianxia Buwu Zhu Wenyin)
Oda Nobunaga's ideal was "ShivaButake", in other words, his ideal was to resort to force, disregarding the existing system of order and legal system, he exiled Ashikaga Yoshiaki (thus known as the great evil man of exile by Uesugi Kenshin, in 1573 Oda Nobunaga raised an army to exile Ashikaga Yoshiaki to Hanoi, and the Muromachi shogunate was destroyed, but Ashikaga Yoshiaki's status as a major general was not abolished until 1588), and Nobunaga did not intend to respect the emperor, and if he ruled for a longer time, whether the emperor and the Kyoto imperial court could be saved was a big problem.
Wise Mitsuhide may have been the agent of one or several parties who were offended by Oda Nobunaga, and the most accurate truth is of course annihilated in the dust of history, but judging from the fact that Wise Mitsuhide received the official endorsement of Kyoto so quickly, it is of course that the greater possibility is that the princes, secretaries of state, and the power of the Kyoto nobles around the emperor are included, because only they need a representative who can eliminate Nobunaga and rebuild the shogunate system at all costs.
(Wise Mitsuhide anime image)
Many people believe that judging from Mitsuhide's actions after the Honnoji Incident, he does not seem to have a desire to seize the world. On the day of the incident, he stubbornly searched for Nobunaga's body, and only left Kyoto in the afternoon for Azuchi, but because the bridge leading to Azuchi was destroyed by Nobunaga's courtiers, Mitsuhide had to return to his own castle. After returning to the city, Mitsuhide sent out a number of letters, most of whom were daimyo who were hostile to Nobunaga, but because none of them had received any inside information or information from Mitsuhide's intention to rebel beforehand, most of them watched from the sidelines, and finally let Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeat Mitsuhide and end his "three days of the world".
However, according to the records, The Wise Mitsuhide gave detailed orders to his subordinates and made a pre-war mobilization before saying "The enemy is at Honnoji Temple":
From today on, His Highness Guangxiu is about to become a man of the world, and even the lowly people who carry shoes should rejoice and do their best to be loyal. My generation had two goals (Honnoji Temple, where Oda Nobunaga stayed, and Myokjue-ji Temple, where his eldest son Oda Nobunaga stayed), and the establishment of Takeshi is here today. If you have any wishes, you can say them now. Those who have brothers and heirs do not have to worry about no one inheriting the family property, and those who have no brothers and heirs can choose from their relatives close to each other to inherit the family property. The rewards of all the people are high, and the depth of loyalty of the whole family is shallow!
This shows that from the time of the honnoji Rebellion, Mitsuhide Had a clear ambition to become a "man of the world", and as mentioned above, this ambition was based on full communication with the power of the Kyoto imperial court. In this sense, the theory of the imperial court shadiness and the theory of conflicting ideals and even the theory of preventing Nobunaga from usurping can be said to be the same thing.
According to Japanese sources, two of the conspirators with Mitsuhide in the imperial court at that time showed obvious signs, from the three gods, Yoshida Kanami and Maeki Kankazu, who nervously broke their brushes the night before the Battle of Yamazaki, on June 12, 1582, while writing, and the next day, when they learned of Mitsuhide's defeat and death, they showed great disappointment, but they should be only the tip of the iceberg of the conspirators, which may include a group of gongqing aristocrats.
(Toyotomi Hideyoshi who chose to become Sekibai)
After defeating Mitsuhide Toyotomi, Toyotomi Hideyoshi became a "tenjin" and did not choose the path of Oda Nobunaga's wantonness nor the path of the Kamakura shogunate (Hanoi Genji) Muromachi shogunate (from the Ashikaga clan of Kiyokawa Genji) but chose the path of koshin, in addition to the fact that he was not a descendant of Genji like Mitsuhide of The Wise Mitsuhide and later Tokugawa Ieyasu, the strategy and soft power shown by the seemingly weak and incompetent secretary nobles in the Wise Mitsuhide incident may also be a factor that he had to consider.