The "Phoenix Nirvana" of the Millennium Mine (Part 1)
On December 27, 2017, in the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Approving the Qualification of 16 National Mine Parks including Yuanling Woxi in Hunan (Letter [2017] No. 1907 of the Department of Land and Resources), the Turquoise Mine of Yunyang Yungai Temple in Hubei Province was qualified as the fourth batch of national mine parks, and the long-dormant Yungai Temple became lively again, and the rich geological relics, production relics, social life relics, natural and cultural landscapes will be reborn in the fire, opening a new page in the form of a mine park.
Glorious history
During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, the founding general Wei Chigongzhen Fu Xiangyang period (Yunyang ancient xiangyang jurisdiction), deeply felt the spirit of Yunyang Yungai Mountain, so he built a temple on the mountain to worship, because the temple sits on the ground and is surrounded by clouds and mist all year round, so it is named Yungai Temple, this mountain is named Yungai Mountain. Yungai Mountain is rich in sky blue, lake blue, turquoise and other colors of turquoise, products exported to the United States, New Zealand, Canada, Thailand, Japan and other countries, known as "oriental green stone", Yungai Temple mine production of blue green turquoise with its special color is known as "cloud cover blue" by the industry.
Wei Chi Gong
Turquoise has a long history, and turquoise ornaments dating back about 8,000 years have been excavated at the Site of Jia Lake in Wuyang, Henan, and the Egyptians mined turquoise in the Sinai Peninsula 5,500 years ago. The history of the mining and use of turquoise in Yunyang has been confirmed in archaeological excavations:
In 2002, when archaeologists cleaned up a noble tomb at the site of Yanshi Erlitou in Henan, on the bones of the tomb owner, they found a turquoise dragon-shaped instrument, with a length of about 65 centimeters, a giant curled tail, and a dragon body curved and curved, composed of more than 2,000 pieces of turquoise of various shapes, each piece of turquoise is only 0.2 cm to 0.9 cm in size and 0.1 cm in thickness, with vivid shapes and superb craftsmanship. After scientific testing, the raw material of turquoise comes from the junction area of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi, and the time is 3800 to 4000 years ago. The distribution and reserves of turquoise in the Eyu-Shaanxi region, with the Yungai Temple mine as the main body, have reason to believe that the turquoise excavated from the Erlitou site is mainly derived from the Yungai Temple mine. The Erlitou period was already a relatively mature state form of the Xia Dynasty, and turquoise mining was a state act, which can be determined that the history of turquoise mining in Yungai Temple must be earlier than 4,000 years.
In July 2006, during the excavation of rescue cultural relics protection in the middle line project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, in the tomb of martyr Chu in the Spring and Autumn Cemetery of Qiaojiayuan in Xiaojiahe Village, Wufeng Township, Yunyang District, a bronze pot with turquoise bronze pots and many turquoise ornaments was unearthed. According to the testing and analysis of the University of Science and Technology of China, these turquoise raw materials are from the Yungai Temple Mine, which has a history of 2800 years. Yungaisi Mine, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, has been mined in all historical periods, until 1953, when the mine was nationalized.
Dragon Shaper
In September 1954, the local state-owned turquoise mine in Xiangyun Special District of Hubei Province was established, which was subordinate to the Yunxian Industrial Bureau. On October 3, 1955, the name was changed to a local state-owned turquoise mine in Yunxian County, Hubei Province. From 1953 to 2005, after 53 years of state-owned turquoise mine history, the 35 years between 1955 and 1990 were the glorious period of its production and operation, and it made great contributions to the economic development of Yunxian County and the national export earnings, and only part of the data was listed to prove it (turquoise mine data began in 1954).
Mining plot
Profit data:
From 1952 to 1980, the total profit of 31 industrial enterprises in the county was 13.866 million yuan, and the profit of turquoise mine was 6.663 million yuan, accounting for 48.1%;
From 1981 to 1985, the total profit of 20 industrial enterprises in the county was 3.689 million yuan, and the profit of turquoise mine was 1.65 million yuan, accounting for 44.7%;
From 1986 to 1990, the total profit of 21 industrial enterprises in the county was 16.64 million yuan, and the profit of the pine stone mine was 3.587 million yuan, accounting for 21.6%...
Tax data:
From 1952 to 1980, the total tax of 27 industrial enterprises in the county was 14.53 million yuan, and the turquoise mine was 1.071 million yuan, accounting for 7.4%;
From 1981 to 1985, the total tax of 20 industrial enterprises in the county was 12.065 million yuan, and the turquoise mine was 441,000 yuan, accounting for 3.7%;
From 1986 to 1990, the total tax of 21 industrial enterprises in the county was 19.515 million yuan, and the turquoise mine was 1.114 million yuan, accounting for 5.7%...
The claim that the turquoise mine of Yungai Temple occupies half of the county is by no means empty, and the data is the most powerful proof.
In its production and operation, Yungai Temple Turquoise Mine has not only made great contributions to the local economic and social development, but also left many far-reaching artistic masterpieces in the field of culture and art:
On January 15, 1994, 82 cm in length, 29 cm in width and height, and 66.7 kg in weight, the world's largest natural turquoise production is now displayed in Yunyang Museum;
Yungai Temple produces the world's largest turquoise
In 1968, the statue of Chairman Mao, carved by the master craftsman Wang Deling, is the only statue of Mao Zedong carved using turquoise, which is now displayed in the Yunyang Museum;
Statue of Chairman Mao
The national treasure-level art treasure "Li Shizhen Wudang Medicine Collection" carved from the turquoise stone of Yungai Temple was once displayed in the Hubei Hall of the Great Hall of the People;
"Li Shizhen Wudang Medicine Collection"
National Arts and Crafts Master Yuan Jiaqi's "Wudang Pilgrims", "Chu Tiantu", "Mountain Flowing Water", Guanyin Series, Xianfo Series, Tang Poetry and Song Ci Series Turquoise Works, forming the Turquoise Era of Turquoise;
Wudang Pilgrims
"Alpine Flowing Water"
Li Bosheng, Song Shiyi, Pan Bingheng, Wang Shusen, Guo Shilin, Yan Wenhui, Wang Yaotang... The names of a group of arts and crafts masters are all due to the turquoise stone of Yungai Temple. Yungai Temple turquoise with its natural color, excellent quality of the formation of handicrafts are very rich in national characteristics and local characteristics, famous in the world.
Depression is falling
In 1986, the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China issued a document agreeing that turquoise and malachite handicrafts should be exported by themselves, which means that turquoise and its products will be gradually marketized.
In 1987, the mine director responsibility system was implemented, and the planned economic system basically came to an end.
In 1992, Yunyang Turquoise Group Company was established, under the jurisdiction of the turquoise mine, technology plant no. 1 (established on October 9, 1985, located in Guandongling Street, Yunxian County), craft no. 2 (established in March 1980, located in the mine location), craft no. 3 factory (established in 1993, a joint venture with American businessman Ronald Alexander, located in Shiyan Economic and Technological Development Zone, the construction stage has not yet been put into production), all implement independent accounting.
After thousands of years of mining, especially the large-scale mining of the state-run period after 1954, the rich ore belt has been basically exhausted. After 2000, on the one hand, mining the poor ore belt, on the other hand, recovering the defective products in the waste slag left in the past, the quantity and quality of turquoise are declining, and the output and profit of turquoise minerals in Yungai Temple are gradually declining, coupled with the excessive burden of the enterprise itself, the Yungai Temple Turquoise Mine is on the verge of bankruptcy.
In 2005, the foreign debt of turquoise mine and the second process plant under the jurisdiction of Yunyang Turquoise Mining Group reached more than 2 million yuan, and the foreign debt of the third process plant was more than 4 million yuan, which was difficult to pay wages. The debts owed by the third process plant to the Great Wall Company have been sued and are about to enter the enforcement process. After the leadership team of the turquoise mine learned of this situation, the analysis believed that if the property was executed, all the assets would not be enough to place hundreds of miners. After weighing and weighing again, in view of the fact that the effective assets of the third process factory are more and easy to liquidate, it immediately consulted with the original county enterprise reform office and the court to quickly enter the bankruptcy restructuring procedure, and the court enforced the bankruptcy law that the assets of the third process factory were not enough to give priority to the bankruptcy law, so that the Yungaisi turquoise mine in Yunxian County entered the bankruptcy restructuring procedure.
In 2005, the national policy grasped the big and let go of the small, all the state-owned small and micro enterprises were converted to private, and the enterprises with slightly better efficiency in the county were basically restructured in place in 2003 and 2004. The first process plant took the lead in restructuring in 2003, which objectively reduced the pressure on the group company. At that time, the first few rounds of enterprise reform in YunXian County were to transfer the enterprise to the enterprise legal person or the main operator at that time, also known as the debt-bearing type, and the debt borne could not be less, but the amount of assets could be made smaller, and the appraisal value was lowered. In January 2006, all the restructured enterprises under the state had to be listed for auction, when the Turquoise Mine of Yungaisi Temple had entered the bankruptcy restructuring procedure and could not be restructured according to the previous methods, but could only be listed for auction.
On October 28, 2005, it applied to the Yunxian People's Court for bankruptcy repayment, and the Yunxian People's Court ruled on the bankruptcy of the company on November 1, 2005 after trial, and formed a bankruptcy liquidation team. On March 16, 2006, the announcement of the auction of turquoise mining assets was issued, and the auction was held at Shiyan Zhanchen Auction Company at 14:00 on March 30, 2006, with an appraisal price of 2.87 million yuan and a starting price of 3 million yuan, and more than a dozen companies participating in the auction, and finally Hubei Sanxin Mining Co., Ltd. auctioned the assets of the turquoise mine for 6.36 million yuan, and signed the "Confirmation of Auction Bidding Transaction". The auction objects include the entire turquoise mining area of Yungai Temple (including mining areas, real estate, equipment, inventory, etc.), and it is clearly agreed that the auction objects do not include the turquoise mine land of Yungai Temple.
For more than 50 years, the state-owned turquoise mine became private, and the next day the turquoise mine was suspended, and a bankruptcy liquidation and handover working group was established, followed by a handover. All miners each bought out their working years at 480 yuan per year, all personnel were laid off (including members of the leadership team), and all assets were handed over to Sanxin Mining Company. At that time, the reception of sanxin company was very strict, and the office space required immediate transfer, and he Libin, the former mine director at that time, suggested to the liquidation team: First, all the files and liquidation groups should collect and keep them for later; second, many employees took the mine as their home, and after bankruptcy, there was nowhere to go, there was no home, and it was afraid that forcibly removing the housing of the staff would cause chaos. The liquidation team accepted He Libin's suggestion and immediately decided: all staff housing outside the gate of the mining process plant is not included in the transfer, and all staff housing on the west side of the office building is not included in the liquidation and transfer, leaving a buffer time for the relocation and evacuation of miners. As a result, miners were able to move out of the turquoise mines for the next two or three years, making a smooth transition without major incidents.
Hubei Sanxin Mining Company has not mined since taking over the turquoise mine in 2006, until 2017, when Hubei United Investment and Development Co., Ltd. acquired Sanxin Mining Company. In 2014, due to the fact that Sanxin Mining Company had privately signed a transfer agreement with Hubei Yangtze River Mining Company, which triggered a series of contradictions and disputes later, yungai temple mine entered the stage of disorderly mining, the phenomenon of illegal mining and random mining was rampant, the safety hazards were prominent, the original mine shaft lane was seriously damaged, the mountain vegetation was seriously damaged, and the old houses, factories, facilities and equipment together with the environment of the factory area were damaged in a large area, which was stifling.
To be continued...