In recent years, whiteflies, thrips, mites, aphids and other small pests are increasingly serious pests, and this type of pest breeds fast, the number is large, the resistance is fast, a lack of attention, the shed will be a large-scale outbreak, often a growing season to hit the drug effect is not good, resulting in increased early input of vegetable farmers, vegetable yield and quality are also affected, and may also produce a series of pesticide residue problems.
The use of biological predators to control vegetable pests can solve these problems very well. Many vegetable farmers still have little understanding of the use of biological predators. For example, which predator is used to control which pest? How is the release made and what are the precautions? Wait a minute.
Today, we have invited Yin Zhe, a teacher from the Biological Prevention Department of Beijing Plant Protection Station, who will introduce the application of 6 kinds of biological natural enemies, including the control of aphids of heterochromatic ladybirds, the control of thrips of east Asian small flower bugs, the prevention and control of red spiders from predatory mites, and the prevention and control of whiteflies by smoke blind bugs.
1. Pasteur's new small mite
Neoseiulus barkeri experienced five stages of development throughout her life history: egg, gite, pre-mite, post-mite and adult mite.
Pasteuris are predatory mites. Pest mites and pests such as citrus full-clawed mites, cucumber thrips, truncated leaf mites, and dipered leaf mites on peppers and eggplant can be controlled in the field or greenhouse by releasing pasteurized neosyns.
For example, on greenhouse cucumbers, the density of pasteurized neosynthsus is released at a density of 40-300 heads/m2 to control cotton thrips, which can control the density of cotton thrips below 15 heads/leaves;
In the orchard, each plant hangs more than 600 new small mites, and 25-35 days after the mites are released, the number of new small mites on pasteurized is the largest, and the control period is more than 90 days.
Prevention and control objects
By releasing the pasteurized neo-mite, the new small mite can not only prey on leaf mites, fine-whisker mites, tarsal mites and gall mites, but also prey on aphids, thrips, mites and other small arthropods.
How to use
In the early stage of the occurrence of mite pests, when the density is low (generally the number of pests per leaf mites or pests is less than 2), the density of pests is large, a drug should be applied first for control, and then the natural enemies are released after an interval of 10-15 days.
When the weather is sunny and the temperature exceeds 30 °C, it should be released in the evening, and it can be released all day on cloudy or cloudy days.
The number and number of releases
Release 70-100 bags per acre (200 active pasteurized mites/bag). Generally released once throughout the growing season, if chemical insecticides need to be used to control other insect pests after release, it may kill the new pasteurized small mites, and it is necessary to release natural enemies 10-15 days after medication.
▲Hanging bag method
Release method
➤ Crop in the open (hanging bag method)
Cut the middle side of the new small pigtail packaging bag according to the illustration, as the release outlet of the new small pasteur mite, and fold the lower part of the shear to prevent rain from entering the bag, and then cut the upper hanging hole side of the bag according to the illustration, which can be hung on the stem and petiole of the plant to avoid direct sunlight and rain into the bag. The pap blunt mite bags are evenly distributed in the release area according to the prescribed release amount.
➤ Greenhouse crops
When released in a greenhouse, the hanging bag method or the sprinkling method can be selected.
Sprinkling method: Cut open the bag of new pasteurized mites, spread the new pasteur mites evenly on the leaves of the plant along with the culture medium, and do not irrigate for 2 days to facilitate the transfer of predatory mites that fall on the ground to the plant.
Precautions
1, predatory mites can not be used at the same time as insecticides and acaricides, if it is necessary to control other pests, selective agents should be used under the guidance of plant protection professional and technical personnel.
2, predator mites for biological living organisms, not tolerant to storage, it is recommended to use in time, really need to be stored in a cool, rainproof place at 15-20 ° C.
3, shelf life: predatory mite products in the recommended storage method under the shelf life of 10 days, if used after 10 days, please check the number of predator mites in the bag, and then increase the corresponding mu dosage.
4, product transportation: transportation should avoid sunlight exposure, must not be stored with pesticides, fertilizers and other harmful substances with the same transport, must not squeeze the packaging bag.
Second, the East Asian small flower bug
The East Asian small flower bug [ Orius saunteri ( Poppius ) ] belongs to the order Insects , Hemiptera , The Flower Bug Family , and the genus Of Little Flower Bugs. Adults are oval, black-brown, metallic, with four antennae; young nymphs are orange-yellow, old nymphs brown, and have pronounced wing buds. The eggs are long nightshade,reticulated on the surface and pale yellow.
Both east Asian small-flowered bug nymphs and adults can prey on pests such as mealflies, thrips, aphids, eggs of lepidoptera pests or young larvae and leaf mites, and are very good biological control species.
▲ Small flower bugs prey on thrips
Thrips, aphids, whiteflies, leaf mites and other pests on vegetables, melons, fruits, flowers, gardens and other crops.
The product type
Paper bags or bottles, mixed with adult and nymphs.
1. Release period
Blue plate monitoring: control of two thrips begins as soon as they appear.
Artificial observation: Observe every day after crop colonization, and once thrips are found on the plant, control should begin.
2. The number and number of releases
It is recommended to release 2-3 East Asian small flower bugs throughout the growing season of the crop.
When the occurrence of pest prevention in the greenhouse, according to the number of 0.5 heads / square meter, it is released again after 14 days; when the occurrence of pests is light, it is released according to the density of 1-2 heads / square meter, and then released again after 7 days; when the pest occurs seriously, it is released according to the density of 10 heads / square meter.
3. Release method
Hanging bag method: In the evening or early morning, hang the bagged product on the stem and petiole of the plant to avoid direct sunlight and rain into the bag.
Sprinkling: In the evening or early morning, the bottled product is directly applied to the top leaves along with the culture medium, and no irrigation is carried out for 2 days to facilitate the transfer of east Asian flower bugs that fall on the ground to the plant.
▲ Cast the spell
1. All insect states of East Asian small flower bugs are sensitive to insecticides and mites, and if it is necessary to control other pests, selective agents should be used under the guidance of plant protection professional and technical personnel.
2, East Asian small flower bugs belong to live goods, products should not be stored for a long time, it is recommended to use in time after purchase; handling or release when handling or releasing lightly, reduce injury.
3. Within 5 days after release, horticulture and agricultural operations should be reduced to reduce the amount of damage to East Asian small flower bugs; if it is necessary to beat and harvest, the leaves can be gently shaken to transfer natural enemies to the upper part of the plant.
Third, heterochromatic ladybirds
Heterochromatic ladybirds (Harmonia axyridis Amblyseius pseudolongispinosus) belong to the order Insecta, Coleoptera, Ladybird family. The adult body is hemispherical , the posterior part of the head is covered by the dorsal plate of the anterior thorax , and the base of the upper jaw is toothed. Eggs of heterochromatic ladybirds hatch in 2-3 days at 25 °C, and both larval stages and adults can prey on the eggs and small larvae of aphids, mesophylls, psyllids, and lepidoptera. Adults live longer, lasting several months, some as long as 1-2 years. Older larvae and adults prey on an average of more than 100 aphids per day, at a rate comparable to the use of chemical pesticides, and are very good biological control species.
▲ Larvae of heterochromatic ladybirds
▲Adult heterochromatic ladybirds prey on aphids
▲ The larvae of heterochromatic ladybirds prey on aphids
Pests such as aphids and mesomorphs on vegetables and garden crops.
Yellow plate monitoring: control of two aphids begins as soon as they appear.
Artificial observation: Observe every day after crop colonization, and once aphids are found on the plant, control should begin.
It is recommended to release ladybugs three times throughout the growing season of the crop.
Preventive release: In the case of greenhouses, each greenhouse releases 100 egg cards and about 2,000 eggs at a time.
Therapeutic release: it needs to be determined according to the number of aphids, and the ratio of general ladybugs to aphids should reach 1:30-60, focusing on the "central plant" of aphids for release, and then released after 2 weeks.
2. Release method
Egg release: In the evening or early morning, hang the eggs near the aphid infestation site so that after the larva hatches, they can feed on the prey as soon as possible, and the hanging position should be avoided in direct sunlight.
Release of larvae or adults: Open the plastic bottle containing the adult ladybug or larvae, gently remove the adults or larvae along with the medium and sprinkle evenly on the aphid-infested branches.
Ladybirds are very sensitive to insecticides and mites in all insecticides, and it is recommended to avoid the use of insecticides and mites for 15 days before and after the release of the insects.
Ladybirds are live commodities, and products should not be stored for a long time; handle or release lightly to avoid artificial harm to ladybirds; it is forbidden to put the packaging box on the ground when released to prevent ant invasion and human operation caused by loss.
Gardening and farming operations should be reduced within 10 days after release, and the amount of ladybird damage should be reduced.
Fourth, smoke blind bugs
Nesidiocoris tenuis belongs to the family Hagfish of the order Centiponoptera, and is the main natural enemy of the important pests of tobacco whiteflies and greenhouse whiteflies in the vegetables of facilities in Beijing, with strong predatory ability, strong adaptability and strong mobility, and has a strong predatory effect on adult whitefly and nymphs.
Tobacco lice, whitefly, whitefly, twill moth, spotted fly, leaf mite and other pests on vegetables and garden crops.
➤ Preventive release
Seedling release: 15 days before colonization, release smoke blind bugs on the seedbed at a density of 0.5-1 head/m2, and artificial feed is required.
Release after colonization: Tomato seedlings are colonized for 15 days and release smoke blind pythons at a density of 1-2 heads/m2 in the shed, and artificial feed is also required.
➤ Preventive release
Yellow plate monitoring: control begins when 1-2 adult whitefly are present.
Artificial observation: Observe every day after crop colonization, and once the whitefed is found on the plant, control should begin.
Release 2-3 blind bugs per square meter, released once every 1 week, for a total of 3 releases.
Release nymphs or adults: Open a plastic bottle containing adult or nymphs, gently remove the adults or nymphs together with the medium, and sprinkle evenly on the leaves of the whitefly-infested branches.
Both smoke blind bug nymphs and adults are very sensitive to chemical insecticides and it is recommended to avoid chemical insecticides for 15 days before and after the release of smoke blind bugs. Most biological insecticides and fungicides can be used normally.
Smoke blind bugs are live natural enemy commodities, products should not be stored for a long time; handling or release of light handling, so as not to cause artificial harm to natural enemies; release is prohibited to directly scatter natural enemies on the ground, in order to prevent agricultural operations from causing losses.
After release, when performing agricultural operations such as fencing and harvesting, the leaves can be gently shaken to transfer the natural enemies to the upper part of the plant to avoid taking the natural enemies out of the shed.
5. Chilean small plant mites
Phytoseiulus persimilis is an international star predator product used to control pest mites. Comparable to chemical pesticides, no pollution and no pollution. Usually each head can prey on 5-30 heads of pest mites per day. The most capable female adult mites prey on eggs in up to 60-70 capsules per day.
1. Leaf mites appear dotted: after determining the central plant, the Chilean small plant mite is released according to the benefit-harm ratio of 1:20, depending on the population dynamics of leaf mites and the degree of colonization of predatory mites, a batch of supplementary releases are released every 7-14 days, and a total of 2-3 times are released.
2. The number of leaf mites ≤ 2 heads/leaf, the release amount is 20 heads/square meter, the interval is 1-2 weeks, and the continuous release is 2-3 times.
The number of leaf mites is 2-50 heads/leaves, and predator mites are released according to 50 heads/m2 at intervals of 1-2 weeks, and 2-3 consecutive releases.
3. The number of leaf mites > 50 heads /leaf, spray biological agents to reduce the number of insect mouths, after the residual period of the agent, release predatory mites according to 50 heads/square meter, depending on the development dynamics of leaf mites, interval 1-2 weeks, continuous release of 2-3 times.
4. Preventive in greenhouse: sprinkle 10,000 heads / 1,000 square meters
Therapeutic in greenhouse: Sprinkle, center plant 10,000 heads / 200 square meters
Open release: 10,000 heads / 500- 1000 square meters
Insecticides and sulfur fumigation can affect the fecundity of the Chilean plant mite, reduce the effectiveness of prevention, and even cause death.
6. Pseudo-long-haired blunt mites
Amblyoseius peudolongispinosus is an arachnid family, affiliation family, widely distributed in China, mainly preying on leaf mites, is an important natural enemy of leaf mites in vegetables, fruit trees and other crops. Individuals with blunt hairs are tiny, usually no more than 1 mm, and if carefully distinguished by the naked eye, they look like reddish-brown water droplets the size of needle tips. But don't look at it small, its predatory ability is very strong.
The long-haired blunt mite moves quickly, reacts quickly, can quickly search for prey, once the mite is found, it immediately hugs the mite tightly with its whiskers and feet, and stabs the mouthpart into the body of the mite, sucking its body fluids, so as to achieve the purpose of eliminating the mite. Pseudo-long-haired blunt mite has the advantages of fast growth and development, strong fecundity and large predator volume, so it is an excellent natural enemy variety applied to the control of leaf mites in vegetables, melons and fruits, flowers, gardens and greenhouses, and has broad application prospects.
1. Qingyuan
In the 15-20 days before the release of the pseudo-long-haired blunt mite, the release plot is comprehensively and thoroughly controlled by 1-2 times of disease and pest control, which can not only lower the insect mouth base of the leaf mite, but also control other pests, eliminate the source of the disease, ensure that the release of the pseudo-long-haired blunt mite can be released for a long time without chemical control, and create a good external environment for the growth and reproduction of the pseudo-long-haired blunt mite in the field.
2. Release predatory mites in a timely and appropriate amount
Release period: According to the occurrence law of leaf mites on different crops, select the appropriate time to release the pseudo-long hair blunt mite, and recommend the release of leaf mites at the beginning of the occurrence, which can achieve a very good control effect.
Number of releases: According to the survey, if the nymph mite is only sporadic, it can release pseudo-long-haired blunt mites in the central area of occurrence, about 40 heads per square meter. If the whole field is present, the density ratio of the pseudo-long-haired blunt mite to the leaf mite is 1:3-1:5 released in the whole field. Release again after 2 weeks.
Release time: Released after 4 p.m. on sunny and cloudy days, released all day on cloudy days.
Release method: Use scissors to cut open the side of the bag containing the blunt mite with the long hairs - small opening (about 2-3 cm), and then spread evenly on the upper leaves of the crop.
Pseudo-long-haired blunt mites should not be used at the same time as insecticides, and if other pests need to be controlled, selective agents should be used under the guidance of plant protection professional and technical personnel.
Pseudo-long-haired blunt mite is a living insect, should not be stored for a long time, should be released as soon as possible after purchase.
Author:Yin Zhe (Beijing Plant Protection Station)
This article is compiled from the chat records of urban boutique vegetable groups. The picture comes from Beijing Broadfield Pastoral Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Beijing Plant Protection Station, etc., which were first published on China Vegetable WeChat (WeChat: zgsc9550).
Please indicate the above author information and source.
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