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People's lives have to go through many years, and some years are called "special years", for example, the generation that accompanied the founding of the republic participated in the intellectual youth going to the mountains and the countryside, participating in the Xinjiang Construction Corps, participating in the self-defense counterattack war, and so on. Many people do not have the above experience, but they have personally experienced the years of "third-line" construction, and have been in the ravine for more than 20 years, dedicating their youth to the Yimeng Mountains. Looking back, it is as if I had a dream, woke up from the dream, and moved to a new place with the enterprise, and the young people of the past have reached the age of forty.
Were you a third-line person? Have you been to the Yimeng Mountains of Shandong Province? Have you visited the site or browsed the "China's First Cave Style" exhibition hall in Daigu, Mengyin County? The Mengyin County Government, the Daigu Township Government and the Shandong Mengyin ASEAN Group have invested heavily in creating a fascinating geological exhibition paradise in a cave abandoned by the local military factory. In the exhibition hall, many little-known stories of Shandong military enterprises in the construction of the "third line" are revealed, and the story of the Guangming Factory is also among them.
Of course, that history is gradually moving away from us, but the memory will not be weathered by time, it is a history that can be sung and wept. No matter how long and grand history, it is always done by bits and pieces of trivial personal memories and records. The hinterland of the first and second line areas is commonly known as the "small third line".
Compared with the big third line in the northwest and southwest, the hinterland of the first and second line areas is commonly known as the "small third line". The "small third line", led by the provincial defense industry offices, mainly produces conventional weapons, such as semi-automatic rifles, 7.62 mm intermediate-power rifle cartridges, grenades, fuzes, mortar shells, heavy machine guns, small and medium-caliber mortars, rockets, bazookas, anti-aircraft machine guns, and recoilless guns, that is, the firepower of infantry battalion companies. Strive to achieve "provincial" self-inflicted resistance in future anti-aggression wars. The small third line of Heilongjiang is Acheng and Shangzhi, the small third line of Jilin is Huinan, the small third line of Liaoning is in Chaoyang Lingyuan, the small third line of Hebei is along the foothills of Taihang Mountain, the small third line of Shandong is Yimeng Mountain, the small third line of Henan is in Jiyuan, and the small third line of Hubei is in Xiangyang. The small third line of Hunan is in Loudi, the small third line of Guangdong is Lianjiang, the small third line of Guangxi is Hechi, the small third line of Anhui is Lu'an, the small third line of Shanghai is southern Anhui, the small third line of Jiangxi is Wanzai and Anfu, the small third line of Fujian is Sanming, the small third line of Zhejiang is Yunhe and Longquan, the small third line of Jiangsu is Xuyi, the small third line of Xinjiang is Alagou in Hejing County, and the small third line of Gansu is in Pingliang.
Shandong's third-tier enterprises are mainly distributed in Yiyuan, Mengyin and Yishui counties in the Yimeng Mountains, and the military enterprises in Shandong from 1966 to 1986 mainly include:
9347 factory products
Shandong No.1 Machinery Repair Factory (Code 976), Shandong No.2 Machinery Repair Factory (Code 945), Shandong Qianjin Parts Factory (Code 9426), Shandong Machinery Repair Factory (Code 9339), Shandong Mould Factory (Code 9429), Shandong Guangming Machinery Factory (Code 9347), Shandong Chemical Factory (Code 9439), Shandong Machine Factory (Code 732), Shandong Hongqi Machinery Factory (Code 5823), Shandong Minfeng Machinery Factory (Code 9381), Shandong Xinhua Sand Turning Factory (code 9363), Shandong Yuhua Repair Factory (code 9354), Shandong Luguang Chemical Factory (code 802), Shandong Hongguang Chemical Factory (referred to as Hongguang Factory). Factory 976 produces rifles and submachine guns; Factory 945 produces bullets, Machine Repair Factory produces pistols, Guangming Factory produces 40 rocket launchers and 82 recoilless guns, Hongqi Factory produces rocket launcher shells, Xinhua Factory produces various types of mortar shells, Yuhua Factory produces fuses, Shandong Machinery Factory produces anti-tank mines, and Luguang Factory produces explosives. The tooling and tooling factory and the Forward factory produce four-barrel anti-aircraft machine guns, as well as the semiconductor factory in the Nanma Mountain Ditch and the 5808 factory that produces microscopes in the mountainous area of Mengyin Yedian Township.
In short, each factory has its own production tasks, forming a relatively complementary model. Now it seems that these weapons are really backward, but in that era, it was really necessary to provide a large number of conventional weapons in the construction of national defense, and some small countries with friendly relations with us also needed our export support. For example: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia.
The site was chosen in a relatively hidden ravine
The selection of the new site of the Guangming Factory was personally commanded and inspected by the provincial "third-line construction" command, whose leaders included Cheng Shaopu, deputy commander of the Jinan Military Region, Gao Keting, vice governor of the province, Li Chunzhi, deputy director of the Economic Commission, Meng Qinghua, director of the Military Industry Bureau (who was later transferred to the director of the Chemical Industry Bureau), and Li Benjun, a Jiaodong person who is more familiar with the workers of the third line, all of whom participated in the selection of addresses for military enterprises. Many of the old comrades who built the factory have met Director Li Chunzhi, feel a bit like Deng Xiaoping, his eyes are shining brightly, he is an old revolutionary cadre, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he was one of the responsible persons of the Xintai County CPC Committee, and he was also one of the leaders of the armed uprising in Lailaishan; after liberation, the administrative level was 9, and he was appointed to be responsible for the construction of the third line in Shandong, and led a set of teams to command on the spot in the Yimeng Mountains; he was a big cadre from the province, but he did not have a little "official shelf", and he went to the canteen to queue up to buy food like the staff and workers. The choice of factory sites must follow the tone of the central government: the construction of the third line should be "large dispersed and small concentrated", and it should be "camped according to the mountains and rivers". The site should be "high and steep, and the ditch is deep and narrow." It is necessary to determine construction projects according to the local topography and geomorphological conditions, to enable enterprises in the third-line construction to meet the needs of modern warfare, to stay away from large and medium-sized cities, to disperse the distribution points, so that even in the case of a nuclear war, these factories cannot be destroyed or blown up, and can continue to adhere to production and scientific research and support the front. The inspection team selected the Zhongshan Temple in Mengyin Tanbu as the new site of the Guangming Factory.
Tanbu Town has a long history, in the late Qing Dynasty, it was Tanbu Township in the eastern district, and in the early Republic of China, it was a strategic place in the "Southern Expedition and Northern War". The town is located in the eastern part of Yimeng Mountainous Area, bordering Yinan to the south and Yishui to the east, and is known as the eastern gate of Mengyin.
Five kilometers northwest of Tanbu Town, there is a mountain called Zhongshan, about 600 meters above sea level, there are two mountains about Zhongshan, the west one is called Siliyu (later called Xigou by employees) and the east side is called Wolf's Den Ditch (employees call it Donggou), and the mountains in Donggou are all stones, no soil, no trees, and at most there is a little bit of wild grass. The Xigou is full of trees and is managed by the state-owned Zhongshan Temple Forest Factory. It has an area of more than 6,000 mu of various types of trees. Not far from the West Ditch is a temple, called "Zhongshan Temple", Zhongshan Mountain west 100 kilometers away from Mount Taishan, east of Mount Fulai, this mountain is in the middle, so the name Zhongshan. The geographical environment here is very suitable for the construction of military enterprises, and meets the requirements of "there are mountains, mountains are relatively steep, there are trees, trees are relatively dense, there are ditches, and ditches are relatively deep" to build a secret military factory. Later, I heard everyone say that in the "third-line" enterprises in Shandong, the site environment chosen by the Guangming Factory was relatively good, and there was such a discussion at that time: the mold, the bright city, the advance, the machine repair of a dragon, the red flag, the Xinhua full of stars, the Tumen factory "Xianren Cave" (the factory has a natural cave in the middle of the mountainside, ten meters high, tens of meters wide, can accommodate more than 100 people)
After the factory site was selected, the construction personnel successively entered the area, and the cadres and employees who first entered the factory lived in the temple of Zhongshan Temple. There are indeed several houses in the temple, as well as the main hall, due to the war and banditry, the tower has collapsed, the drum tower is also in tatters, although the Daxiong Treasure Hall exists, it is covered with gray nets everywhere, and the ground is covered by thick dust. In the center of the wall deep in the ruined temple stands a Buddha statue. The Buddha statue was also covered with a thick gray net and dust, and it was completely unrecognizable. There are indeed many historical trees in the temple, including Han Cypress, Tang Huai, and Song Dynasty Ginkgo trees, but they are also like old people who have experienced vicissitudes, and no one cares.
Photo: Today's Sun Yat-sen Temple has become a local tourist attraction after being renovated
It is said that in the most prosperous era of Zhongshan Temple, there were hundreds of monks and more than a thousand pilgrims every year. Opposite zhongshan is Aishan, where there are nuns practicing. The legend of the old monk and the nun fornicating has been circulated in the local area, according to a local monk surnamed Gong said (the husband was originally a monk, no income, and later became a forest factory worker) Zhongshan Temple monk surnamed Zhao, the name cast, is a landlord type of figure, renting land and mountains, exploiting the common people, and bullying men and women, the people are extremely angry, the local talent, the people and well-known people jointly signed a letter, petitioning to sanction the monk, who knows that the monk has some relations with the imperial court, and the final parable was "just let it go", and the result was mistakenly rumored as "rake it", the people cheered, People dug pits to bury the evil monks in the pits, only showed their heads, pulled plows with oxen, and rake the monks, this is the story of the monks who rake the thirty acres of land that were spread locally, and the later monks were surnamed Gong, named Maozhou, doing good deeds, and it is said that many winding paths leading to the mountain forest were built by people he organized. Nowadays, the dilapidated Zhongshan Temple has been listed as a key tourism project in Mengyin County, and the investment has built a Zhongshan Temple tourist resort, with complete parking lots, hotels and restaurants, receiving tens of thousands of tourists every year, and the incense festival in March of the lunar calendar every year, and the local people come to incense in an endless stream.
Opposite the Zhongshan Temple is the local very famous Ai Shan, Ai Shan is not high, the altitude is less than 400 meters, it is famous not because of the legend of monks and nuns, but because the south side of Ai Shan is facing a road through Mengyin County, during the Liberation War, in order to ensure the victory of the Battle of Menglianggu, it is necessary to put the Kuomintang troops who came to reinforce the outskirts, Ai Shan built many military fortifications, at that time, our department was condescending and blocked this road. Aishan is just opposite the staff dormitory of the Guangming Factory.
It is under such conditions that the acquisition of land in the new factory area, the construction of dormitories, the construction of dormitories, the construction of road paving, the construction of caves, the construction of boiler rooms, power distribution rooms, and drilling wells are planned and carried out one by one in the temple. Responsible for drilling the cave was an engineering team transferred from Linyi, who was responsible for building 4 cave workshops for the power workshop, tool workshop, first workshop, and second workshop that were later formed. Many of the local migrant workers who built the staff dormitories, the first workers who entered the factory, as well as a group of local trainees such as Li Fagui, Yi Yongfen, Leng Shiying, etc.) became "small workers", responsible for collecting stones, passing sand, lifting purlins, stirring cement and sweating like the common people. At the end of 1968, the tool workshop, the power workshop, and the cave of the first workshop entered the final stage. The star-filled staff dormitories were also completed in the southern suburbs, the north slope, the west ditch and the east ditch. Offices and stadiums have been built on both sides of the compound.
Because this is a mountainous area, there is no shortage of stones, so the houses here are all cut up with stones. Some people may think that this kind of house must be "impregnable", in fact, you guessed wrong, this kind of house rarely uses cement, the "dry plug" room, the so-called "dry plug", that is, stone Luo stone, leveling without cement with small flat stone pads, after the bungalow is built, the outer wall is smoothed with cement and lime. This kind of stone house, hot in summer, especially cool in winter, if there is no stove, in the early morning of the cold winter, the face and eyebrows and beard exposed on the outside are layer by layer of frost. In the summer, the dry cracks in the wall are often the "home" of worms, scorpions, centipedes, and rats, no matter how often they hear the bite of the rats in the wall during the day and night, they often open a mouth, string from the wall to the house to find something to eat, some workers get cement, block the hole, and the rats "shoot a shot to change a place", which is invincible. A snake burrowing into your folded quilt you may have experienced firsthand. The offices of the Security Section and the Armed Forces Department were built on the east side of the compound, and sometimes many of the offices were drowned in the water when it rained heavily, but the offices on the east side were not harmed, and it was later discovered that the east side was originally a monk's cemetery, and the rainwater seeped into the tomb along the cracks in the wall. Timid young cadres do not dare to work in the office at night, and they always feel gloomy.
This is a land that people are not familiar with, and the underground here is unknown to many people.
Many people do not know that the place where the Guangming Factory Staff Auditorium was first built in the third-tier enterprises was originally a chaotic stone gang, and in order to minimize the occupation of the crops of the local people, the auditorium was built on the rocky beach. People found that there are many "antiquities" around the great hall, which are obelisks taken from the tombs of monks in that year, and they did not expect to be "useful" in the construction of the third line.
Many people do not know that in the east where the Illuminati lived, there was a narrow ditch that led down the mountain, which was the waterway at the time of flash floods. In fact, this waterway was not originally long nor wide, because of the construction of Zhongshan Temple, people found that the stone quality here is good, becoming a natural quarry, year after year, day after day, there was no ditch, dug more, a narrow ravine was formed. Deeply connected to the village under the mountain, this village is named "Lai Shi Zhuang" and some are also called "Lai Shi Wan".
Many people do not know that this desolate, remote, and poor place, in a long time ago, there have been many "big people" and "celebrities", there are records, there are legends, true and false is difficult to argue. It is said that Emperor Zhenzong of Song visited the temple. The abbot of Zhongshan Temple took pains to arrange in advance for hundreds of disciples to lie on the hillside behind the temple in robes, and under the illumination of the sun, it was like the buddha's light appearing on the mountain, highlighting the aura and mystery of the temple.
Many people do not know that Zhongshan Temple has come to many famous people and left a large number of immortal verses. Bai Juyi's poem "Qi Zhongshan Temple": "Idle pond boat quietly hides, the old body is lazy to come out of the guest." Worried about the twilight rain, he left the sect leader, and the spring was called by the remnant warbler to return. Unveil the urn to taste the new ripe wine, open the box and try the old raw clothes. Winter Qiu Xia Ge urged, and the old time seemed to fly. Su Shi's "Stone Carvings of Zhongshan Temple" poem Yun: "Xie Guxianzhen, the King of The Wind and Currents, temporarily lives in the empty mountain for five hundred springs." The Golden Horse And Jade Hall Yu Han Affair, the flowers and flowers are lost. Sleepy spring tent, dream around Qianyan cold forced body. In the middle of the night, the old monk called out, and the ice wheel gushed in the missing part of the branch peak. These two seven-word poems were engraved on stone tablets by posterity. The two stele are nearly four feet high and about a foot wide, and the handwriting is clear and legible. Ming Dynasty Zhao He's poem "Su Zhongshan Temple": "Yanfu patrolled Kumo branch, and the Zhongshan Temple was temporarily perched late." Arashi Nadepo Immortal Traces, Xiangshi who published Bai's poems. The cloud crane forest head is comfortable and healthy, and the wildflower cave mouth is flamboyant. Lantai Road is quiet and quiet, and the bright moon breeze is happy. This poem was composed by the author Ren Shandong when he was touring Mengyin County, and fully expressed his feelings of entertainment.
The staff of the Guangming Factory are busy with third-line production, and few people have the leisure to study these historical sites.