Recently, the word "inner volume" is particularly popular, but what is an inner volume, few people have said clearly, and I say that my understanding is not necessarily correct.
Inner volumes are internal competitions that arise for limited resources.
Take smart phones, at the beginning of the market there are few smart phones, the supply is less than demand, a blue ocean, the first few companies that sell smart phones, make a lot of money, the days are very moist. Seeing others eat meat, other companies have joined the mobile phone industry. Smartphones are in great demand, and all brands can make money.
With the popularity of smartphones, it is now almost a hand. At this time, the competition came, in order to compete for the market, the major mobile phone companies began to fight, spelling chips, spelling pixels, fighting running points, and fighting for cost performance. But the market gradually from incremental to stock, growth space is very limited, that is to say, most people have mobile phones, buy new mobile phones less people, wait until the mobile phone card, broken before replacing the new, means that these companies are difficult to maintain the previous high growth.
Some would argue that mobile phones are more expensive now. Yes, high-end mobile phones are indeed more expensive, but not many people buy high-end mobile phones, and most people's mobile phones are low-end machines. The part where the unit price of the high-end machine is higher, there is no quantity of support, and the significance of the discussion is not great.
In the limited stock market, the major brands fight each other, invest more manpower, and do not make much more money, which is the inner volume. For these companies, they are rolled up in the entire market, feedback to the company, due to the decline in growth rates, limited profits, employees to promote and raise salaries, can the competitive pressure is not greater than before? The inner volume of the market is the inner volume of the employee when it comes to the company.
Chinese enterprises have a characteristic, seeing the business of making money, they rush to do it, what to make money and what to do. Competition is fierce, homogenization is serious, and the price cannot be sold. Now everyone knows the inner volume, because there are more people who speak out online, and before the Internet became popular, the inner volume was more serious. It's just not on the Internet, it's in the factory.
assembly line
When I was doing summer vacation work in Dongguan after the college entrance examination, the people in the factory earned dozens of yuan more in order to get better work, often quarreled, and fought to get red in the face. The inner volume that everyone thinks existed many years ago.
After half a day of inner volume, what does it have to do with the fall of the Ming Dynasty?
Insufficient resources will lead to inner volumes, inner volumes are more civilized, and serious lack of resources will lead to war. Talking about the inner volume here is not to show that the demise of the Ming Dynasty is related to the inner volume, but that both point to the resource problem behind it.
Ancient China was an agricultural country, the people took food as the sky, and the peasants would live and work in peace and contentment when they had food, and the society was stable. Agriculture, industry, commerce, and commerce are in the front, and heavy agriculture and suppression of business are the mainstream ideas.
Now society is a commercial society, the status of businessmen and entrepreneurs is very high, and the ideas of society will be reflected in literary works, so there are many novels such as "The Overbearing President Loves Me" (let's call it a literary work, even if I haven't seen it, there are people around me who have seen it).
In an agrarian society, land is the most important resource, and without land there is no food to eat, and the people will rebel. There are not many film and television dramas about the Ming Dynasty, to say that excellent movies can not bypass the "Daming Robbery", this movie Douban score of 8.1, although there are compromises, but overall it is still very good. Anyone who has seen this movie knows that it is about the late Ming Dynasty general Sun Chuanting's appearance to suppress the peasant uprising.
Sun Chuanting was a very powerful character, once defeating one of the strongest peasant armies and capturing Gao Yingxiang; together with Hong Chengyu, he eliminated Li Zicheng's main force, and Li Zicheng only took 18 horses to break through. Later, in the process of fighting against the Qing army, he lost Chongzhen's trust and was arrested and imprisoned. After three years in prison, Li Zicheng took the opportunity to become bigger and besieged Kaifeng, Henan, and the Ming Dynasty was in danger. However, at this time, the imperial court had reached the point where no one could use it, and Chongzhen could only use Sun Chuanting again.
Sun Chuanting made a comeback
In the movie, the Chongzhen Emperor asks, "How many soldiers and horses do you need to swing the thief?" ”
Sun replied, "Five thousand elite soldiers are enough, but the thieves are a ragtag crowd, and there is nothing to be afraid of." ”
The peasant army is a ragtag crowd, not enough to be afraid, so what is there to be afraid of? The peasant army has not undergone special military training, its organizational ability is relatively weak, and compared with the army of the Ming Dynasty, it is indeed a ragtag group. Why did the rabble-rousers become the gravediggers of the Ming Dynasty? In fact, the Ming Dynasty was not defeated by the peasant army, but by itself.
After Sun Chuanting took office in Tongguan, he found that the problem was very serious. First, the guns failed, and the ammunition of the soldiers could not be replenished for a long time; second, there was a lack of military food; and third, there was a lack of military salaries. To put it bluntly, it is a problem, that is, there is no money. But behind the lack of money is a series of intricate problems.
Military food is insufficient
What if I don't have any money? The emperor could not allocate money, so he had to make money himself. In order to raise 100,000 military salaries, Sun Chuanting asked the local landlords to donate money, and as a result, these powerful people symbolically gave hundreds of taels of silver. The gifts to Sun were piled up into a hill, and the value was far more than a few hundred taels.
The land is strong
Sun pointed to the gifts on the table and was very angry, "These are what you gave to Sun Chuanting."
He raised a few hundred taels of silver in his hand, "These are what you gave to the Ming Dynasty."
Bent on serving the country, but encountering layers of obstacles, Sun's heart is full of grief and indignation, you can imagine.
Sun Chuanting raised salaries
In order to make these powerful people come up with money, Sun thought of a way, that is, to recover the tuntian and collect the money and grain. The tun tian system was formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang in its own right to reduce the burden on the peasants, the system of integrating soldiers and farmers, and educating soldiers in peasants, but in the later period, this policy was not implemented, and the fields were forcibly occupied by local magnates for their own use.
The Tuntian system exists in name only
There are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom. The way these landlords dealt with Sun Chuanting was to collude with the commanders to set fire to the account books, and the officials who made the records were also burned to death, and there was no proof of death, and the plan to recover the money and grain was in vain. It is not simple for the powerful to collude with the officers and soldiers to kill people and set fires, because there are people in the DPRK.
Collusion with Kyo officials
The great thing about this movie is that through simple pictures and simple lines, it shows the internal problems of the Ming Dynasty: land annexation, corruption of officials, and empty treasury.
The suspicious Chongzhen Emperor had been urging him to go out to fight, and Sun Chuanting had no choice but to take tough measures: killing people. The war was not a dinner party, and Sun Chuanting killed Hao Qiang and confiscated their property. At Haoqiang's last meal, Sun Chuanting told the causes and heartaches of the Ming Dynasty.
The world is rotten, the people are from thieves, all because of hunger, the people are hungry, all because there is no land to cultivate The people's hearts are the food and the endless source of reserve troops That's why he Li Zicheng can lose eight times ten times, while my Sun Chuanting can't even afford to lose once.
Returning to the above question, the rabble must not be feared, but the internal decay can be feared. In an agrarian society, the most important thing is food, and food comes from the land. The land has been annexed by the mighty, and the people have no land to cultivate and no food to eat, can they not rebel? I remember a book saying that China's peasants are the most honest and obedient people. But if these peasants have a mouthful of food to eat, who are willing to risk the sin of killing their heads to make trouble, rebellion is a helpless choice after being intolerable and no longer needing to endure.
At the end of the film, a dialogue between Sun Chuanting and the traveling doctor Wu Youke exhausted the underlying laws of the change of ancient dynasties in China.
Sun: Do you think the Ming Dynasty has run out of gas?
Wu: The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classics have clouds, no cure for the disease, no cure for the disease, no cure for chaos, all the dynasties have risen and fallen, I have accumulated shortcomings for a long time, and I can not cure it by blindly taking strong medicine.
Wu Youke, because he could not see the power of the quacks in the dynasty, became a wandering doctor, and he saw that the foundation of the Ming Dynasty had decayed and could not be saved. Governing the country is like curing diseases, non-fierce medicine can be cured, as a strong medicine of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Chuanting naturally cannot save the crumbling Ming Dynasty.