Video loading...
The Ongoing Exhibition of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms at the Wuhou Ci Museum will run until August 31. There is a chapter in the exhibition dedicated to recreating the scene of the carriage and horse Xiaoxiao during the Two Han and Three Kingdoms periods, and the audience can get a close look at various luxury cars in ancient times.
Speaking of China's ancient cars, it can be said that it has a long history, and there is a chess piece "car" in Chinese chess that rampages and crosses the chessboard, reflecting the spring and autumn Warring States period, the huge advantage of the chariot in the war. In the Qin Dynasty, five-foot roads were built, with cars on the same track, and all avenues led to Xianyang, and the remains of the ancient road connecting Shudi and Yunnan-Guizhou regions have been preserved in southern Sichuan.
Han tomb mural train diagram
The aristocrats of the Han Dynasty generally traveled by car, and the horses lined up and the cars were connected, forming a spectacular scene of "riding in a row and returning to the hundred and two"; when the celebrities talked at home, such as around Cai Yong's mansion, "the car rode to fill the alley", and when Yin Fan was a spy in the State of Wu, his courtyard "often gathered with horses and horses, and the guests were in the hall"; and when the Eastern Han Dynasty "Guoshi" Chen Yi died, the people who came to mourn from all directions "drove thousands of times". In general, civilians with a slight industry can also make a ding-cart for transporting goods. For example, in the early years of Emperor Wen of Wei's reign, Yan Fei served as Jingzhao Taishou, and when he first arrived at the official, "it was when the people were many without cars and cattle." (Yan) Fei also learned that the people used the inter-month to take the car materials, so that the transfer of the craftsman to make the car. ...... In one or two years, the family had a din car and a big cow. However, it was also common for officials to have no money to buy cars and horses during the war years, such as when Cao Cao had just pacified Jizhou, Cui Yan was appointed as the county magistrate of Wu County from his brother Cui Lin, "poor without cars and horses, single-step officials", and could only walk to work.
The driving highlights the rank
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the emperor's car had seats
The chariots that charged into the battlefield were already weakened in the Han Dynasty, but the system of public opinion became more and more complete, and the number of horses, the shape and decoration of the carriages and horses, and even the animal power of the carts were cattle or horses, etc., which were closely related to the identity level of the people riding. Under the strict hierarchical system, tianzi has the car of tianzi, the prince and minister have the car of the princely minister, the three princes and nine secretaries, the princess and princess, and the worldly woman, with different grades, and the specifications of the vehicles are different and cannot be exceeded.
The car is divided into an car and a standing car, which can be taken by an car, "the three provinces are divided together, the bus features", the bus used is the an car, such as the Emperor of the State of Wei repeatedly summoned Guan Ning, to give an car, officials, quilts, yin, and dao to cook food, the supreme honor. In ancient times, "seventy county cars were gifted", and when he retired at the age of seventy, he tied up his horse and hung a car, and the imperial court would give an char and a donkey to escort him back to his hometown. A car that stands and drives is called a standing car, also called a high car. In the Zhou Dynasty, only the queen's car could sit, the tianzi were all standing on the car, and from the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the emperor's car had a seat.
Tianzi's formal car driving is called Jingen car, driving six horses, Tianzi motorcade according to the complexity of the ceremonial guard, sacrifice heaven, earth, and temple, divided into three kinds of big driving, legal driving, small driving, large driving car eighty-one times, legal driving car thirty-six times. There are five-color ann car and five-color standing car in the genus car, and the horses driving are also divided into five colors, called the five-hour secondary car, commonly known as the five emperor car.
Cao Cao was the King of Wei, and although he did not have the name of the Son of Heaven, he performed the truth of the Son of Heaven and usurped the gift of the Son of Heaven, "Crowned with ten and two, riding a Jingen car, driving six horses, and setting up a five-hour auxiliary car." When Sima Zhao was the King of Jin, he completely copied Cao Cao's actions.
Qinggai car, Huang Weili, is called the Yellow House, and the cars of the emperors, princes, and kings are all Qinggai. When Dong Zhuo entered Chang'an, he took a Qinggai Jinhua car with two claws, which was called "pole motorcycle" at the time. Dong Zhuo's granddaughter Dong Bai is still a minor, and Feng Weiyangjun also takes jinhua Qinggai car. Cai Yong admonished him to think that it was not in accordance with etiquette, and Dong Zhuo took a black Jinhua soap cover car instead. Sun Hao was superstitious about numerology, thinking that Wu was the destiny of heaven, and the mother, wife, and thousands of people in the harem went west, claiming that Qinggai had entered Luoyang and obeyed the mandate of heaven, but as a result, when it encountered heavy snow, there was a lot of complaints, Sun Hao was worried that the soldiers would turn against him, and the farce would end hastily.
When Tianzi was plowing, he took a car called a ploughing car, drove four horses, and hung agricultural tools such as furrows on the front handlebars of the car. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Jing of Wei Ming, he corrected Shuo, changed his clothes, and was still yellow, and the horses pulling carts used white horses, and when they went out on the expedition, they erected red flags on the cars and erected white flags in the dynasty. In the second year of the western Jin Dynasty, the emperor's golden root car and the cultivated root car were all red flags.
Tianzi hunted in a chariot called a hunting cart, driving four horses, in order to resist the beast, the wheels of the hunting cart are tall and the border is thick. The hunting cart is also called the Thorium cart, or the pig cart. Emperor Wendi of Wei, who liked to hunt, often went out hunting in the afternoon and returned to the palace after dark, and he renamed the hunting cart to the beast cart. Sun Quan once made a tiger shooting car, with a square hole in the box, no cover, only one person to drive, shooting hunting from the car. Wild beasts often attack the hunting cart, and Sun Quan hits the beast in the car to experience the fun of hunting.
Tianzi's chariot, riding four horses, carries a golden drum and a feather flag, and the lid is decorated with feathers, and the car has a bow and crossbow and a spear.
Don't look at Tianzi riding in top luxury cars on weekdays, dragon swimming shallow water by shrimp play, and fallen Tianzi also has no car to ride. Emperor Xian of Han was chased by Li Dai and Guo Feng, escaped from Shaanxi, and when he crossed the Yellow River in the north, he lost his weight and could only "walk". The Duke of GaoguiXiang, Cao Xian, was killed, and Sima Zhao openly said that he would be buried according to the specifications of the royal ceremony, but in fact, there were only a few cars at the time of the funeral, and there were no soul flags, and the onlookers pointed out, "It was the Son of Heaven who was killed the day before", which is sad to read. Pei Songzhi criticized this, covering up the evil, there is no more hypocritical than Sima Shi.
Ride the car
The car is a kind of horse-driven light car, open on all sides, can look at the distance in all directions, because the car box is small, the speed is faster, so it is also called a light car. Messengers and those who are urgently summoned by the imperial court generally ride in chariots, which also refer to emissaries. One horse is called a carriage, and two horses are called a passerby. Han Shigui was reeling and cheap car, Wei Jin was heavy and cheap.
Ride the car
Cars, or cars, or cars, or cars, and oil cars, with covers and draperies. It can be used as a load and a sleeping car. Open the windows on both sides of the trunk and open the door at the rear. Mostly for noble women to ride, "Jin Shu Youfu Zhi": "Princesses, princesses, and princesses are all in oil and driving two horses." ”
The chasing car is a lightweight sports car, named after the speed of the car, shaped like a car, without a small flat cover, driving two horses. The noble township prince was anxious, and every time he urgently summoned Sima Wang, Pei Xiu, and other attendants to speak, because Sima Wang was often outside the palace, he was specially given a chasing car, and whenever there was a rally, Sima Wang would ride in a chasing car and gallop to come. When Emperor Wei ming was seriously ill, he summoned Sima Yi with a handwritten edict, but under the influence of Cao Zhao, he quickly repented, and Sima Yi was worried about a major change, so he rushed to The Beijing Division in a chasing car.
Trolley
The wagon, a large cart driven by a horse, has a simple structure and a rolling canopy on the trunk, usually for women to ride.
Ride the car
轓車, 轓 refers to the ancient car box on both sides of the ear-like part, used to cover the dust and mud. Compared with the car, the car is equipped with mud guard plates on both sides of the box.
Axe cart
The axe cart, with a large axe erected in the middle of the trunk, for demonstration rights, was an honor guard car used as a guide for important emissaries of the emperor when traveling.
Guide car, also known as Sinan che, according to legend, the Yellow Emperor zhan xuan you invented, the Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Heng once created, Wei Ming Emperor Ma Jun fengzhao successfully made, driving four horses, the lower part of the car such as three floors; bird feathers decorated canopy, with golden dragons with four corners; woodcut immortals, wearing feathers, standing on the car, no matter which direction the car travels, the fingers of the woodcut immortals on the car often point to the south. When traveling in a big car, the guide car is often the guide.
The public opinion car, also known as the "roller car", refers to the shoulder public opinion, no wheels. Wei Chu's chancellor, Hua Xin (華歆), who was ill in his old age, "made the public opinion car when he saw it", and was carried by Hu Ben to the main hall and sat down. Later, it became a common practice, and the three public diseases all sat on the public opinion car to go to the temple. Emperor Wen of Wei once gave Zhang Liao a car to Zhang Liao's mother, which was considered a special honor at the time.
Chai cart refers to a simple car without decoration. When Cao Wei Mao Jie and Cui Yan were in charge of selecting officials, the officials who wore new clothes and took a good car were considered to be incorruptible, and the lack of trimming and the damage of the clothes were considered to be a sign of incorruptibility, so that at that time, in order to seek high fame, the scholars deliberately wore dirty clothes and old clothes, rode in simple firewood carts, and even hid the car and walked to work.
There are advantages and disadvantages to animal power vehicles
A deer car divided dong Yunfei high and low
Vehicles can be divided into horse-drawn carriages, ox carts, sheep carts, mule carts, deer carts and so on according to animal power.
In addition to horse-drawn carriages, the most commonly used is the ox cart, also known as the calf cart. Ox carts were originally used to carry goods, but after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conquered the Xiongnu, the number of horses decreased, and the number of ox carts gradually increased, which was also used to carry people. "The nobles of the ancients do not ride on the ox cart", but after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the tusson order, the princes were weaker and weaker from generation to generation, and the poor princes had to put down their bodies and start riding on the ox cart. People think that cattle can carry weights and go far, ox carts are stable, and the driving experience is good. Slowly, the status of the ox cart also rose, and by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ox cart became the most commonly used means of transportation for the upper heavenly son and the lower scholars. When Yang Feng and Han Xian placed Emperor Xiandi in Anyi (安邑, in present-day Xia County, Shanxi), Emperor Xian of Han had only an ox cart to ride. Before the Battle of Chibi, Lu Su advised Sun Quan to lead the war, saying, "If you surrender to Cao Cao, I Lu Su can be a subordinate staff member according to the rating, no matter how bad it is, you can also drive an ox cart, promote officials and get rich, how will you be placed after Sun Quan surrenders?" "The Great Xiangshi GuanRui had predicted that the two guests would die together, and after dozens of days, the two people were frightened by the drunken driving of the ox cart, and the cattle fell into the Zhanghe River with the car and died together.
Celadon oxcart Three Kingdoms Wu
There are many types of ox carts, such as imperial clothes carts, royal book carts, imperial car, imperial medicine carts, etc. are all ox carts. There is also a kind of painting wheeler, also a ox pulling car, named after the painted wheel hub, which can be looked around from side to side, and the decorations on the car are green tarpaulin curtains, scarlet silk, and blue car nets, and the upper part is shaped like a car, and the lower part is no different from the general ox cart. Both the empress and the crown prince can ride on the painting wheel.
Mica cart is a kind of ox cart decorated with mica. The prince was given a special ride, and the general subordinates were not eligible to ride. The queen worships the god of silkworms and rides on the oil painting mica.
Soap wheeled wheels, driving four oxen, the shape is no different from the painted wheels, but the wheels are painted black. This kind of car is specially given to the kings and the three dukes who have merit, and there is a difference between four looks, three looks, and sandwich looks when the window is opened.
Oil car, driving cattle, shaped like a soap wheeler, but not painted wheels. The Maharajah's ministers are specially granted the honorable ones.
The car is made of cattle, shaped like a general ox cart, with curtains covering the whole car. It is generally the ride of the three princes of the kings. Cao Cao's "Book with Tai wei Yang Biao": "Now give it to you... The painting wheel looks around and rides through the seven-spice car. Cao Cao gave Yang Xiu's father, Yang Biao, a high-ended tong-chan carriage made of a variety of incense wood, or painted with seven spices, painted wheels, covered with curtains, and able to open windows on all sides.
The sheep cart, one said to be ridden by Yang Xuan, a close confidant of Emperor Wu of Jin, and the other said that the cart pulled by sheep by Emperor Wu of Jin. Emperor Wu of Jin drove a sheep cart to walk freely in the harem, and the sheep cart stayed in front of which harem concubine was favored by which harem, so the palace people planted bamboo leaves in front of the house and sprinkled salt water on the ground to attract the driving sheep. Later, it is often said that the arrival of the sheep cart indicates that the palace people are favored, and not seeing the sheep cart indicates the palace resentment.
When Deng Ai destroyed Shu, Liu Chan surrendered in a mule car, and Fu Chang's "Praise of the Jin Dynasty" believed that "there is no ceremony of subjugating the country".
A deer cart is a small car that is lower than an ox cart. Sanguan Jimao joked that Su Ze's job was to lift the night pot for the emperor, and Su sneered, "I really can't drive a deer car lame and slow like you", which shows that the driving experience of the deer car is not friendly. Shu Han Situ Xu Jing lost his son, Dong Yun and Fei Yi went to attend the funeral, his father Dong He only gave Dong Yun a deer car, Dong Yun looked embarrassed, and felt that his father was too stingy. Fei Yi was casual and boarded the car directly. The deer car walked slowly, and when it reached the Situ Mansion, Zhuge Liang and the nobles of the DPRK and China all arrived, and the luxury cars gathered, Dong Yun looked extremely embarrassed and uneasy when he got out of his deer car, but Fei Yi, who was in the same car, was calm. The driver went back and reported the two people's attitude towards the deer car to Dong He, who judged his son Dong Yun to be inferior to Fei Yi.
Cover news reporter Wen Kanglin
<b>[If you have a news thread, please report to us, once adopted, there is a fee reward.] Newspaper WeChat attention: ihxdsb, newspaper QQ: 3386405712].</b>