In Chinese history, many political aristocrats were produced during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and these political aristocrats developed into family clans and almost monopolized the political power of the time. With the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the rise of Liu Song these clans gradually declined, and families such as Wang Yuhuan Xie basically withdrew from the stage of history. At this time in Guanzhong, Northern China, a new military aristocratic group originating from the Northern Wuchuan Dynasty gradually formed, and then traversed China for nearly two hundred years.
This group is the famous "Guanlong Group" in Chinese history. The term Guanlong Group is named after the master of traditional Chinese studies, Chen Yinke, and the Guanlong Group, as a political group, was integrated from the military aristocracy of the Hu and Han Dynasties.
First back to the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to ensure the safety of the then capital Pingcheng (present-day northeast of Datong, Shanxi), the Northern Wei established six military towns in the border areas of present-day northern Hebei and southern Inner Mongolia (at that time, the northern regimes separated the military garrison and its family members and population from ordinary civilians, called "town people", the jurisdiction was called "military town", and the governor was called "town general"). The town will be responsible for the military and civil affairs of the military town and implement militarized management. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the northern and southern borders were all set up with military towns, the same level of administrative districts, about the same level as the administrative level of the prefecture), collectively known as the six towns (Woye, Huaishuo, Wuchuan, Fuxuan, Rouxuan, Huaihuang), Wuchuan Town is one of them. In the early days of the establishment of the Six Towns, most of the soldiers were the sons of the Xianbei nobles and their concubines, and some of the Han people were strong and powerful, but later the Han and the Xianbei Han gradually became the main force.
The town of Wuchuan is located in the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains, northeast of the inverted U-shaped bend of the Yellow River, that is, Wuchuan County in the central part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There are still remnants of the Great Wall of Qin built by the Qin general MengTian in the territory, and the steppe is to the north.
At first, many of the soldiers of the Six Towns were concubines of the Northern Wei imperial family, but as Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, the status of the six towns generals gradually declined, and they were even compared to prisoners on the frontier.
Resentment and resentment soon spread among the Six Towns army, and the situation was on the verge of erupting.
The first to lead the six towns to attack was the general of Woye Town, who was supposed to be a descendant of the Southern Xiongnu. The Sinicized Northern Wei court in Luoyang had lost the majesty of the Xianbei Tuoba clan Haojie Tuoba Tuoba Tao and was powerless to suppress the Six Towns Uprising. This gave The Great Chieftain of Qihu and the Governor of Northern Wei Province, Erzhu Rong, an opportunity, to quickly organize the Qihu cavalry, which gradually controlled the Government of Northern Wei while suppressing the Rebellion of the Six Towns.
Shi Zai'er Zhu Rong has been intelligent and astute since childhood, decisive in case of trouble, fair complexion, and beautiful appearance. Erzhu Rong's father and grandfather were all Wei generals, and after he inherited his father's title, he gradually developed his own power, organized a strong Qihu army, and took the opportunity to serve Northern Wei and gradually establish his hegemony.
After suppressing the uprising of the six towns in the north, he selected many talented generals from the suppressed troops, such as Gao Huan, He Bayue, Hou Jing, and Yuwen Tai.
According to expert research, the Qihu are a clan closely related to Xianbei. However, after Erzhu Rong entered Luoyang, he did not show close relations, but captured the empress dowager of Northern Wei and other royal families, threw them into the Yellow River, and slaughtered more than 2,000 courtiers, known in history as the "Change of Heyin".
Erzhu Rong was an outstanding military expert, with outstanding military ability, and the chaos in various places was basically swept away by him, but he eventually died of the murder of Emperor Xiaoming.
After Erzhu Rong, the former Huaishuo Town generals He Bayue, Gao Huan of Huaishuo Town, and Yuwen Tai of Wuchuan Town appeared one after another. Among them, He Bayue was strong after Erzhu Rong's death, but was killed by Gao Huan.
Yuwen Tai had inherited the mantle of He Bayue. According to the Book of Zhou, when He Bayue was stationed in Hequ, a military official once met an old man with snow-white eyebrows and said to him: Although He Bayue owns these people, he will eventually achieve nothing. There should be a person with the surname Yuwen from the northeast, and there will be great prosperity after that. After saying that, the old man was gone.
Later, sure enough, He Bayue was assassinated, and Yuwen Tai, who was guarding Xia Prefecture, collected his soldiers and horses, and gradually became a force that could stand side by side with Gao Huan.
Gao Huan is a Humble Han Chinese, and his name is He Liuhun . He led the rebels of the original six towns suppressed by Qi Hu to break up and establish themselves, and then pulled a royal family of Northern Wei to Yicheng to establish a state, known in history as "Eastern Wei" (534-550).
Yuwen Tai was a humble Hun, and his people were mainly from the Hu people of Wuchuan Town. He retreated to Guanzhong and established another imperial family of Northern Wei to establish the Western Wei (535-556). Yuwen Tai also created a new "prefectural military system", that is, the Hu generals in Wuchuan Town as the main body, integrated into the aristocratic forces in Guanzhong, divided into the "Twenty-fourth Army". The core leadership of the "Twenty-fourth Army" was controlled by the "Twelve Great Generals of the Eight Pillars Of the State", and like Yuwen Tai, the vast majority of those who were also from Wuchuan Town accounted for the majority.
Since it was a time of war, the Western Wei military and government were unified. These eight-pillared states and twelve generals were all generals in and out, not only the commanders of the army, but also the core group of the country's leadership, becoming the most prominent twenty families in the Guanzhong region at that time.
The eight pillar states were: Yuwen Tai (Li Shimin's great-grandfather), YuanXin, Li Hu (Li Yuan's grandfather), Li Bi (Li Mi's great-grandfather), Zhao Gui, Yu Jin, Du Guxin (Yang Jian's father-in-law), and Hou Mochen Chong.
The twelve generals: Yuan Yu, Yuan Zan, Yuan Kuo, Yuwen Dao (Yuwen Tai's nephew), Yu Wengui, Li Yuan, Da Xiwu, Hou MoChenshun, Yang Zhong (Yang Jian's father), Dou Luning, He Lanxiang (Yuwen Tai's nephew), and Wang Xiong, all of whom were world-famous generals.
Thus a military-political bloc was formed. This group created four dynasties, namely Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang. The creation of several dynasties by one group has created a historical miracle in Chinese history.
The ancestors of the Western Wei, Northern Zhou and Tang dynasties were all one of the Eight Pillar States, and the ancestors of the Sui Dynasty were once one of the twelve great generals. The reason why they became the "Guanlong Clique" was because their forces and main places of origin were located around Guanzhong in Shaanxi and Longshan (or Liupanshan) in Gansu.
In the third year of Northern Wei Yongxi (534), Emperor Xiaowu Yuanxiu broke away from Gao Huan and fled from Luoyang to Chang'an, where he defected to the Northern Wei general Yuwen Tai. In the following year, Yuwen Tai killed Emperor Xiaowu and made Yuan Baoju emperor, known in history as Western Wei, with Yuwen Tai as the state.
The founding emperor of Northern Zhou was actually Yuwen Jue (Emperor Xiaomin), the Heavenly King of Northern Zhou, whose father was Yuwen Tai, the de facto ruler of Western Wei. According to the Book of Wei, at the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty (398 AD), Yuwen Tai's great-grandfather Yuwen Ling "migrated to Wuchuan".
Li Yuan, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, and his fourth ancestor Li Xi once led troops to Wuchuan. Old Book of Tang Gao Zu Benji Yun: Xi "for the kinmen town general, leading Haojie town Wuchuan, because of the family." Song Ouyang Xiu's "New Book of Tang, Gao Zu Benji" is also Yunxi", "The general of Kinmen Town, who died in Wuchuan, because he stayed at home"
Although Li Tang claimed to be from the Li clan of Longxi and presented himself as a concubine of Li Kuan of Xiliang, Chen Yinke's "Treatise on the Political History of the Tang Dynasty" and "Speculation on the Li Tang Clan" and other three articles believe that Li Tang pretended to be Longxi and was actually a branch of the Li clan in Zhao County.
Sui (581-618 AD) came on behalf of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the founding emperor Yang Jian was also born in Wuchuan. Wei Zheng's "Sui Shu Gao Zu Ji" Yun: "Northern Wei Yuanshou" was substituted as Sima of Wuchuan Town, and his descendants were born in the family. Yuan Shou is the sixth ancestor of Yang Jian. Yuan Shou's grandson Yang Zhong was Yang Jian's father. The Zhou Shu "Biography of Yang Zhong" also yun Yuanshou "Wei Chu was Sima of Wuchuan Town". Youyun "Emperor Wu of Zhou ordered Yang Zhong to be a marshal, loyal to Wuchuan to pass through his old residence, sacrifice his ancestors, and sweep through more than twenty towns. "It shows that when Yang Jian's father Yang Zhong was in place, there was still a former residence of the Yang family in Wuchuan." Sacrifice ancestors" tomb, indicating that the tomb of the Ancestor of the Yang Family is in Wuchuan.
There were ten emperors born from Wuchuan, namely Yuwen Tai of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuwen Jue of the Xiaomin Emperor, Yuwen Yu of the Ming Dynasty, Yuwen Yong of the Wu Dynasty, Yuwen Yun of the Xuan Emperor, yuwen Yun of the Jing Emperor, Yang Jian of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Shimin of the Taizong Dynasty.
The 15th volume of the Twenty-Second Chronicle written by the Qing Dynasty historian Zhao Yi mentions that "the Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang dynasties all came from Wuchuan".
It should be noted that the lone believer. Long before the founding of the Sui and Tang dynasties, DuGuxin's eldest daughter married Emperor Ming of Zhou in Northern Zhou. Later, his seventh daughter married Yang Jian, and the fourth daughter married into the Li family, as Empress Yuanzhen, Li Yuan's mother. Shi Zai Dugu Xin "from the town of Wuchuan in the cloud with a good family son, because of the family Yan", so Du Gu Xin is also a Wuchuan person.
At the time of the decadence of the Han chinese in the Wei and Jin dynasties, Hu and Han merged and created a new group of Han chinese.
Chen Yinke once said in the "Second Edition of the Jin Mingguan Series": "Take the blood of the barbaric essence of sai, inject it into the decadent body of the Central Plains culture, remove the old dye, restart the new machine, expand and restore, and then create an unprecedented world situation." ”
Chen Yinke also quoted the Yuzishan Collection many times to prove the relationship between the GuanLongshi and the Xianbei Hu surname.
Among the Guanlong clique, other rising stars such as Yuwen Xian (Yuwen Tai's fifth son), Wei Chiyi (Yuwen Tai's nephew), Changsun Sheng (father of Empress Dowager Changsun of Tang), He Ruobi, Han Baohu, Li Jing, Hou Junji, etc. were all rare famous generals, and the rich talents of the Guanlong Clique became the basis for the unification of Northern China by Northern Zhou and even the unification of the whole country by Sui and Tang.
