In 1757 (the twentieth year of Qianlong), with the suppression of amir Sana's rebellion, the Qing Dynasty completely eliminated the Mongol Dzungars, and since then Dzungar has become a historical term, leaving the Dzungar Basin for posterity to hang. Although the Qing Dynasty thus relieved the nomads of the great threat from the west and the north, and won the strategic space and security environment that the Central Plains Dynasty had never achieved in two thousand years, Qianlong's momentary negligence and good deeds laid the foundation for future frontier problems. Why? #清朝那些事 #
It is said that the Qing army that destroyed the Dzungars at that time, near Ili, rescued the two grandsons of Aberke and Zhuo, who were imprisoned by the Dzungars, one named Polonidu and the other called Huo Jizhan, who were the great and small and Zhuo (and Zhuo means the descendants of the saints) as mentioned in the history books. When the news reached Beijing, Qianlong thought to himself, The enemy of the enemy is my friend, and Qianlong knows that southern Xinjiang, then known as Huibu, was greatly influenced by religion, and these two people are said to be the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who have many followers in the local area and are very powerful.
So Qianlong thought, since everyone is facing the same enemy, or I will simply let them go and adopt them as allies, even better than the previous Gardan of Dzungar, to their grandfathers Aberke and Zhuo, they will definitely read my feelings and be loyal to me, after all, they are all people, and they will definitely compare their hearts to their hearts. In this way, Qianlong issued an edict, making Yamato Zhuo Poloni the ruler of southern Xinjiang, and Xiaohe Zhuohuo Jizhan the leader of Ili. For these two special courtiers, Qianlong's requirements were as follows: In addition to the manpower and material resources of the wartime support points, they would follow them to fight a group fight, and they would not have to pay taxes to the central authorities in peacetime, but only need to bring some gifts every few years to visit Rehe, and they would also be rewarded with a lot of money.
Speaking of this, everyone may remember how Qianlong was lenient in the face of the inability to encroach on the occupation and was changed to "annexed" turks. Perhaps he regarded Big and Small as another Wolbasil, just to use this to satisfy the vanity of his co-lord again. Qianlong thought that he rescued Daxiao and Zhuo from the bitter sea, and also supported their brothers to ascend to the throne, and gave so many preferential conditions, as long as people will be grateful to Shu Zero, there should be no second heart, and then there will be no second thoughts, and it is difficult to rule the foreign land, so that not only can the management costs of the central government be saved, but also let the neighboring "barbarians" see how the Heavenly Dynasty is in the world, and they are bound to come to the annexation, so why not be happy?
It should be said that the general evaluation of Qianlong in history as "good and great achievement" is not without reason, and when it comes to the matter of appeasing the size and Zhuo, he is indeed wishful thinking, and Qianlong has ignored the special religious background of the size and Zhuo and the forces entangled in the local areas of southern Xinjiang, and is not the same as the Turks. Therefore, soon after the destruction of the Dzungars, soon the Qing court had to use troops against the Western Regions, because these two guys who were known as the descendants of the saints openly raised troops to rebel!
So why would Size and Cho do this? Is it just because of ingratitude?
It is said that their family has struggled for so many years, is not it to wait for this moment? Moreover, this condition prescribed by the Qing court was so good that it was unimaginable, that is, when they were at the peak of the family, Abbock and Zhuo did not enjoy this treatment.
Because the Mongol Dzungars were very poor, every year the southern Xinjiang region had to pay them a large amount of grain and silver, the burden was very heavy, and after paying the protection fee to Kaldan, Aberk and Zhuo had few dollars left, and their lives were also tight. But Qianlong is so rich that he doesn't care about your little money, not only don't ask you, but every time you come to Rehe to pay homage to the emperor, you send a gift, and the emperor will give you several times or even more than ten times the reward, so many Mongolian princes, eager to go to qianlong every year.
Now that Hezhuo, after being imprisoned by the Dzungars for so many years, has suddenly been hit by a pie falling from the sky, it is reasonable to say that they should be grateful to Zero, right? But no, they actually did the opposite! As for the motives and reasons for the rebellion? Looking at the records of the Qing Dynasty history books, I am completely confused. So what does the history books say?
The Qing Dynasty explained the matter this way: these were two sinister and cunning and very ignorant guys, and although the emperor was very good to them, they were of bad character and ungrateful, so they rebelled. In fact, this is not the truth of the matter. So what exactly is the real cause of the Great and Small Rebellion?
The answer is: clash of civilizations! At that time, when the forces of the Qing Dynasty arrived at the frontier, it meant that the Chinese civilization represented by Confucianism also came here, and this was the greatest threat to the religious civilization they believed in!
As religious leaders, they knew their own weaknesses: they knew that in a state of peaceful competition, Confucian civilization had a crushing advantage over the religious civilization they believed in, and the religious authority on which they stood would be completely destroyed. Therefore, rebellion is their historical destiny! Of course, the ability of these two people is also extraordinary, not only scheming, but also outstanding military ability, if it were not for a Qing general named Zhaohui, they would almost succeed.
Zhaohui is an outstanding figure of the Chinese nation. Although his exploits are no less than those of Wei Qing and Huo Quyi, who attacked the Xiongnu in the north during the Western Han Dynasty, and Li Jing, who pacified the Western Turks during the Tang Dynasty, he was almost forgotten by history. In the whole campaign to retake Xinjiang, the most difficult and thrilling thing was to quell the rebellion of Dazhong and Zhuo, from Xinjiang to Afghanistan, during which the thrilling and magnificent waves absolutely made you breathtaking.
The author will now present the collected information to you - for you to open the prelude to this epic, back to the era of jingo iron horse, heroes, and blood-curdling.
When the Rebellion of Dahe and Zhuo broke out, the front line of the Qing army was in disarray, and a logistics official named Zhaohui, who had never commanded actual combat, was also driven to the car and ordered to lead 2,000 people to garrison Ili. As soon as he arrived, all the Dzungar tribes rebelled, and the nearest Qing army to him was far away in Balikun, 1100 kilometers away, equivalent to the distance from Beijing to Xi'an.
And what is even more tragic is that this city is an empty city, which is more than 1800 kilometers away from suzhou (now Jiuquan), the logistics center of the Qing army, farther than Shanghai to Chongqing, and it is almost to Chengdu. So Zhaohui and his men discussed for half a day, and finally decided to retreat. However, in this decision, Zhaohui took the risk, and strictly speaking, abandoning the position without authorization was guilty of killing the head.
But Zhaohui also had no way to ask the superiors for instructions, one came and went for two months, and when the superiors approved, they had already starved to death, and this time it was already October, if they did not go again, it would soon snow, and they would not be able to leave when they wanted to. So Zhaohui immediately decided to leave immediately, but the road he had to walk was more than 1,000 kilometers long, and his warhorses were not enough, and many people had to walk.
Not only that, his grain is walking this road, basically not enough to eat, and more importantly, the road is full of Mongolian Dzungar tribes, he is two thousand people, at any time, may be wrapped in dumplings, so can he go out? Why is a logistics officer used to direct operations, or when the situation is already in a mess
Zhaohui, the person, can become an official, all because he is the second generation of officials, and his initial performance is a mediocre person no matter how you look at it. It is said that Zhaohui is a relative of Yongzheng's mother, and it is said that he is also a relative of the emperor and the state, all relying on this relationship, so initially he became a secretary in the military aircraft, but the funny thing is that Zhaohui's Chinese character level is probably the stuttering look of reading newspapers.
Later, probably because he felt that there was no oil and water in the Military Aircraft Department, his father and mother moved him to the Punishment Department so that he could be there and eat the plaintiff and eat the defendant. Zhaohui did not have any enthusiasm for this job, coupled with his low level of education, and the criminal department case files at that time were all written by those who came from the class, and all of them were also showing off their knowledge.
Zhaohui's cultural level naturally often does not understand, so he also blindly sentenced him in a confused way, and as a result, he was reported and almost brought to justice. Fortunately, the consequences were not serious, and his father and mother had great energy, so he changed to another government unit to continue to mix. If the development continues according to this rhythm, Zhaohui will probably be one of the many incompetent eight flags high-ranking cadres in Beijing. (A heartfelt sigh, no matter what era, there are people in the dynasty who are good officials!) So how did Zhaohui come to work later? Opportunities, all depend on opportunities!
In the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), a rebellion broke out in Jinchuan. Zhaohui was just in the household department at this time, that is, the Ministry of Finance. (It seems that all his parents found for him were units with oil and water.) As a result, he did not pay attention and was assigned by Qianlong to supervise the grain transportation at the front line, but he did not expect that this Eight Banners disciple, who usually looked mediocre, suddenly flashed.
As soon as he went to the front, he immediately discovered many problems in the logistics work, and found out a lot of corrupt behavior; although he was not good at language, he was particularly good at mathematics and had strong insight; if he glanced at it twice, he could calculate the number of a unit clearly, and immediately he could find out which province's army was eating empty pay, and it seemed that he was also a serious biased guy.
Moreover, he also had a special heart, and when he was idle, he did not hide in the gate like most bureaucrats, sniffing melon seeds and making tea and bragging, and he did not hesitate to run to the battlefield without fear of danger to observe and learn from the scriptures, to see how everyone fought. Not only that, but after coming down, he also wrote a summary of his experience, sorted out a "Langya list", ranked everyone's martial arts level, and copied a copy to Qianlong by the way. I am really not afraid of a thousand tricks will be afraid of a trick to be familiar! Therefore, I advise students who are seriously partial to the subject, if they want to get ahead, they don't have to waste time to toss their weaknesses, and simply play their own strengths to the extreme, sooner or later they will always be useful.
When Qianlong took a look, his eyes lit up and he found that this young man was quite creative and worth cultivating, so he began to reuse him, let him work full-time logistics, and was responsible for making small reports by the way. With the affirmation of the supreme leader, Zhaohui has since embarked on the road of prosperity.
Therefore, during this rebellion, Qianlong sent troops to Xinjiang, naturally remembered Zhaohui, and handed over the logistics work of the front line to him, and also added a job for him to assist in handling the military affairs of the north road. Although Zhaohui showed a little ability at this time, it was absolutely impossible to become the commander of the three armed forces, and there were more people in front of him.
However, what was not expected was that since the beginning of the Amulsana Rebellion, the Qing army had performed very poorly, and in just over a year, two main generals were killed, one defected to the enemy, and five lords would be dismissed. Suddenly, there was no one in front of Zhaohui, so he, a logistics officer, was actually sent by name to lead the troops to fight.
Unfortunately, his first battle, which was not at all disgraceful, was actually how to escape, to put it nicely, called retreat. Moreover, this escape, there is no technical content, due to the geographical characteristics of Xinjiang, it is decided that there is such a road, there is no trick to play.
The first few days of Zhaohui's initial retreat were relatively smooth, but what he did not expect was that as soon as he left the city, he was noticed by the Dzungars, who had been quietly following him behind, and the reason why they did not start immediately was that they went to all directions to call for reinforcements. Zhaohui they are a mixture of infantry and horses, everyone changes horses, desperately fighting, it is difficult to run 100 miles a day, while the Dzungar cavalry has two or three horses, and casually runs out of two or three hundred miles a day.
And as they ran, Zhaohui did not dare to run wildly, because the Mongol Dzungar cavalry around them gathered more and more, and on their left and right sides, five or six hundred meters apart, they were walking side by side, far away, looking at them with ill will. Therefore, Zhaohui not only had to run, but also maintained a combat formation to prevent the enemy's surprise attack at any time.
By the way, the ancient battles were by no means played on TELEVISION, and the battle was ready before the battle began. Specific to the war in Xinjiang at that time, the Dzungars were like hungry wolves, rushing up to destroy you when you were weak. A few days later, around Zhaohui's team, more and more enemies gathered, one moment running in front of them, the next moment dispersing to their left and right, from a few hundred people at the beginning, slowly changing into thousands.
Finally, when they reached a place called Öleizaratus (supposedly between Ili and Urumqi) and began to camp, they had gathered six or seven thousand enemies around them. When the cold wind blew and night fell, Zhaohui found that his soldiers were trembling one by one, not only because of the cold, but also because of fear.
For several consecutive days, they not only had to hurry during the day, but also had to prevent the enemy's surprise attack at any time, and at night they had to be careful of the enemy's robbery of the camp, and their spirit was at high tension at any time, and they woke up immediately as soon as the wind blew, and many people had not slept well for many days.
Zhaohui understood that the enemy used the most ruthless move, fighting psychological warfare with them, they camped with them at night, advancing in parallel during the day, the number of people increased, and they did not move for a long time, often posing in an impact formation, and quickly galloping towards the Qing army, and when Zhaohui ordered the formation of a defensive formation and waited in a strict position, they suddenly turned around and left. Sometimes they stopped in the middle of the road, and when the Qing army formed an offensive formation, after approaching them, they gave way to the main road, which surprised the Qing army at first, and this invisible pressure made many Qing soldiers on the verge of collapse.
Zhaohui Wanwan did not expect that his first battle was so thrilling that it did not give him a chance to adapt, and if he continued like this, they would collapse without the enemy's hands. The sky gradually came down, looking at the terrified soldiers next to him, looking at the enemy in the distance, what should Zhaohui do?
To find out what happens next, look at the next breakdown. If you think the article is readable, please pay attention to the literary history salon of The Body. What do you think, welcome to speak freely, look forward to your advice!