Only when a tree has roots can it flourish and leaf; when water has a source, it can flow for a long time. Zhao Qiansun Li, Zhou Wu Zheng Wang, each surname has its own ancestral roots and lineage. As far as the Lu surname is concerned, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhao surname was in Changqing District (formerly Changqing County) in Jinan, Shandong Province, and Zhongxing was in Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province (ancient name "Fanyang County") at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which has been agreed upon by the lu surnames at home and abroad. However, where the Lu ethnic group originated, although there are many records and discussions in the historical records that originated in the upper reaches of the Lu River in the ancient times and were active in the Guangrou area between Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu, there is no specific address name. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, through the excavation, exploration, and research of more than 100 experts and scholars in Lushi County, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Henan Academy of Social Sciences, the Hunan Academy of Social Sciences, the Gansu Provincial Federation of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Nankai University, Henan University, and many other scientific research units and institutions of higher learning, more than 100 experts and scholars have reached a consensus shortly after commemorating the 98th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and on the eve of celebrating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Lushi County, Henan Province, which is adjacent to the landscape of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, was identified as the "Ancestral Root Land of The Chinese Lu Surname", and the Henan Provincial Ancestral Land and Celebrity Li nationality Research and Identification Center held a grand ceremony in zhengzhou, the provincial capital, on August 17, 2019, and awarded the "Chinese Lu Surname Ancestral Root Land" plaque to the Lushi County People's Government.
The core meaning of the so-called "ancestral land of surnames" or "ancestral land of surnames" is twofold: one is the original place of residence where a certain ethnic group or tribe originated in ancient times and has long-term survival and continuous development and growth; the other is the place where the ancestors of the original surname were given the surname. The reason why Lushi County is identified as the "ancestral root of the Chinese Lu surname" is because it has a natural superior environment and conditions for human survival, life and development in ancient times. Lushi County is located in the western border of Henan Province, west and southwest bordering Shaanxi Province, a vast area, in the transition zone between subtropical and warm belts, with continental monsoon climate characteristics, the average daily temperature of about 13 °C. Thousands of mountains and mountains. There are 4037 large and small peaks such as Funiu Mountain, Xiong'er Mountain, and Kunshan Mountain. There are more than 2,400 rivers and streams distributed in the Yellow River system, such as the LuoHe, Duguan River and the Laoguan River and Qihe River in the Yangtze River system. The products are abundant and varied. There are more than 200 families and more than 1,700 kinds of plants, including more than 200 kinds of cultivated plants, including grain wheat, barley, corn, millet (the raw grain of millet), sorghum, soybeans, mung beans, sweet potatoes and vegetables, melons and more than 60 kinds; more than 1,500 kinds of wild plants, including more than 90 kinds of woody plants, more than 10 kinds of vines such as grapes and kiwi fruits, 44 kinds of herbs such as purslane, yellow cauliflower, chai hu, salvia, etc., and 6 kinds of fungal plants such as fungus, shiitake mushrooms, and ganoderma lucidum. Animals raised include: chickens and ducks of livestock and poultry; cattle, sheep and pigs of livestock; silkworms and bees of insects. There are five major categories of wild animals and more than 360 species, including 21 species of mammals such as leopards, wolves and antelopes, 31 species of birds such as golden eagles and wild ducks, 29 species of aquatic fish, and 5 species of amphibians such as turtles and crabs. There are more than 1,500 species of wild plants, including more than 800 kinds of medicinal species, more than 30 kinds of fruits, more than 100 kinds of ordinary wood, more than 40 kinds of ornamental trees and rare trees, more than 90 kinds of wild vegetables, more than 500 kinds of pasture grasses, and 9 kinds of genetic plants. The above situation is the actual situation recorded in the "Lushi County Chronicle" published by the publishing house in December 2006, if you go back to the ancient period, the types and numbers of mountains, rivers, animals and plants in Lushi County are bound to be much more and better than they are now.
Animals, especially human beings, their instincts and purpose of survival are to find and choose a place that adapts to their survival, life, reproduction, and development, and where the conditions are available, they will go where they go, and where the conditions are good, they will move to where they are, so that the living environment is ideal, and the days are happy and happy, which has been the case throughout the ages. As we all know, the backwardness of the productive forces of primitive society, human beings rely on the sky to eat, migrate from water and grass, live by nomadic herders, and have no fixed place to live. Because the Lu area has natural superior natural conditions, as a branch of the Fuxi clan, the Zun Lu clan migrated from west to east, and was active in the Lu area east of Tongguan, south of the Yellow River, and north of Funiu Mountain, with caves where they could live, water sources that could be drunk and washed, edible fruits and vegetables and carnivores, wild grasses and drinking water for grazing livestock, and food and clothing without worry, so that wisdom was brought into play in the practice of life and production, and there were many inventions and creations in practice, composing a new chapter in the ancient era of the Chinese nation.
After the Shennong Yan Emperor merged with the Zun Lu tribe, the Yiqi clan established the Lu state in the Lu county, built a capital city, and passed it down for eight generations, lasting more than 500 years. The people sowed grain, raised livestock and poultry, invented Lu Tao, minted Lu's coins, set up markets, and traded, so that the people could perform their own businesses, get what they wanted, and live in peace, and made major contributions to the great causes of creating the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation, aiding the Zhou Dynasty, and establishing the Zhou Dynasty. First, give full play to wisdom and the use of natural resources, the creation of primitive mountain agriculture, to solve the problem of food and clothing related to the survival of the Chinese nation, "Notes on the Water Classic" (ancient Chinese geographical masterpieces, Northern Wei Li Daoyuan) quoted in the "Boiling Water Map" has a record of "Lu's Mountain Yi five grains, can avoid floods" record. Second, in Honglushui (located in the area of Panhe Township, Lushi County), the invention of clay pottery "Lu ware", the Chinese nation has since stepped out of the Stone Age, opened the Chinese nation and even the world pottery culture historical process, so that the use of fire from the field of life to the field of industrial production, the productive forces to a new height. Third, the invention of the Lu coin, the rule of the world with money, opened a precedent for human currency exchange. Fourth, the pronunciation of the clay pottery "Lu" character "lu" was invented, and then there were place names and surnames with the word "Lu". As we all know, before the emergence of writing, there was culture but no writing, and the record of history and the communication between people mainly relied on oral transmission and transmission. Due to the practicality and commonality of TaoLu in people's lives and production, the meaning of "Lu" spread with the widespread use of Taolu, and the artificial "Lu" character in later generations is based on the totem of the Lu clan and the ancient pronunciation of "Lu" of tao. It is precisely because the Lu tribe in ancient times had the above inventions and creations that some experts and scholars said: Lushi County is a history for sociology; for anthropology, it is the cradle of Chinese national civilization; for surname science, it is the ancestral root of the Lu surname in the world; for philology, it is the founding place of the "Lu" glyph sound; for address science, it is a model of the spore age. However, the people of Lushi County have hidden such a long and profound historical resource, which has been low-key for a long time and is little known.
The reason why Lushi County is identified as the "ancestral root of the Chinese Lu surname" is because there are many ancient fossil sites named after the word "Lu". Fossils are a general term for the remains and relics of paleontological organisms preserved in the strata by natural action, and are an important basis for studying the evolution of organisms in geological periods, tracing the paleogeographic environment and paleoclimate changes, and determining stratigraphic dating. Lushi County is located in the Western Henan Basin and is known as the "Treasure House of Ancient Fossils". The people of Wangjiapo in Hengjian Township have the habit of digging up keels to sell for the purchase of waste items and earning "outer blocks". In 1956, Niu Shusen, a cultural relics worker in Dongxian County, sent the selected fossil specimens to the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in the spring of the following year, Zhou Mingzhen, director of the institute, led experts to Wangjiapo to excavate on the ground, which lasted three months, and there were 40 fossils excavated and identified, of which 10 were identified as county-level cultural relics protection units such as Wangjiapo, Xuejiagou and Keel Kiln. In these fossil points found elephants, rhinoceros, tarsal monkeys and other precious animal fossils, identified "Lu's tarsouri" fossil is The earliest primate representative of the era of discovery in China and even the world, is a precious specimen for the study of human evolution, indicating that "Lu's tarsal monkey" and dinosaurs have lived and bred here for more than 40 million years, and gradually evolved to humans, known in history as "ape farewell". The Luohe Lu rabbit and the Yang's Qinling rat are the more primitive representatives of the order Rabbit and Rodent order in Asia, respectively. The newly discovered mammal fossils of the mammals in the Luohe River, due to the large number of species and quantities, the fauna they represent has been named "Lu's Fauna" by scientists. What is more valuable is that in the mid-1980s, experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, tianjin natural museum and Henan Institute of Archaeology investigated at the fossil site of Hoe Hook Yu, and unearthed fossils of orynx, bears, deer and ancient human skulls and teeth, of which ancient human skulls and tooth fossils, identified by experts, are Homo sapiens fossils of the late Quaternary Q Pleistocene of the Neoacoustic CZ, which is 100,000 years old. The four skulls of "Homo sapiens of Lu" and two fossil teeth unearthed were listed as first-class cultural relics by the state. In short, any of the above ancient fossil sites are ancient historical relics left by Lu's tarsal monkeys and Lu's Homo sapiens.
The reason why Lushi County is identified as the "ancestral root of the Chinese Lu surname" is because the Yandi of the Shennong clan and the Zun Lu clan and the Sanlu clan have left many historical sites in this ancient state of the Lu clan. In ancient times, the Yandi tribe once operated in the area of Bears Ears Mountain, initially in Yi, then in Qi, and passed down to Yuwang for eight generations. Yuwang Zen gave the throne to the Xuanyuan clan, and was later demoted to the Shore of Luoshui, Qi CunWan, and established the Lu clan state to worship the gods and farmers, known in history as "Sam Lu Clan". The Samlu clan opened up territory, built an army, minted money, built a capital city, became increasingly powerful, and helped Zhou to cut down the gong. The capital city is built with earthen walls and sentry positions on the city walls, and the sentries can call each other accordingly. In the early 1980s, in order to cooperate with the construction of the Guxian Reservoir, Zhao Zhiquan of the China Archaeological Research Institute, Jia E and Li Jinghua of the Henan Archaeological Research Institute, Gao Tianlin of the Shanxi Provincial Archaeological Team, Huang Shibin, a cultural relics of Luoyang City, and other experts and scholars were invited to qizhiwan to investigate. Red pottery, black pottery and fragments, as well as wheat, rice seeds, etc. According to the archaeological age and place name, experts have deduced that this is a large-scale population settlement from Yangshao to Longshan culture, and it should be the land of the first kingdom of Shennong. Due to the age and age, although the city is in ruins and broken walls, the ruins still exist, and the traces of the city walls are still clearly visible. Huoyan City was originally the residence of Zhu Rong, a descendant of Emperor Yan. Zhu Rong became the Emperor of the Gaoxin Clan, Huozheng (an ancient official), scrupulously fulfilled his duties, kept the people safe, and was deeply admired by the officials and people, so he named it Huoyan City, and the people worshiped it for a long time, and its name will last forever. According to the "Lushi County Chronicle", there are 12 long-standing scenic spots in the county, of which the ruins of the ancient King of Lu in the Zhou Dynasty are the key cultural relics protection units of the county. There are 35 historical sites, of which Qichenwan, Gangtai, Shilongtou and Xuejialing are provincial-level cultural relics protection units; 8 Shang Dynasty sites such as Dongping, Huayuan village, Guojiao Shangpo, Yuanjialing, Jianbei, Xizhao Village, Jiandi, Dongzhai, Nanyao, Jianxi, Dudian, Bashungou, Yutai, Xiaoleng and Wenyu are county-level cultural relics protection units; 8 Shang Dynasty sites such as Dongying, Jiangqu, Quli, Nanyuan, Houwan, Yingjiacun, Huoyancheng and Yaqian are county-level cultural relics protection units The Zhou Dynasty ruins Zhuyuangou and Muerling Bay are county-level cultural relics protection units; the Gaoyagen Han Dynasty iron smelting sites and the Song Dynasty iron smelting sites in Triangle City are county-level cultural relics protection units. From this point of view, in Lushi County, climbing a mountain is a historical highland, crossing a river there is a cultural relic, the light between the mountains and rivers has traveled through time and space for many years, always reflecting this fertile land, widely circulated historical legends, celebrity anecdotes, and many place name stories.
The historical evidence that Lushi County has been identified as the "ancestral root of the Chinese Lu surname" was excavated by archaeologists, and was jointly recognized by many historians and experts and scholars of surname culture, and was identified and approved by authoritative social science research institutions, recorded in the document, detailed and well-founded, and can withstand the research, as mentioned earlier in this article. The "Lu Homo sapiens" fossil was excavated by archaeologists at the Institute of Vertebrates and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as early as 1956. The ruins of Lushi Ancient City in Qicunwan were excavated and identified by a number of archaeology and cultural relics experts in Henan and Jin provinces in the early 1980s. At that time, although these excavations were not linked to the flow of Lu people, they aroused people's attention and association. For a long time, especially since the reform and opening up, the number of organizations and individuals who have investigated and studied the origin of surnames has been increasing, a large number of historical materials have been excavated and published, the research results are numerous, and various understandings are exchanged and integrated with each other. Lu Meisong, deputy director of the Fujian Provincial Local History Compilation Committee, wrote in 1996 that the "Origin of the Lu Clan in China" (published by Xiamen University Press) wrote in his discussion of the history of Lu's origins: Lu's County "lived and stayed before Lu Ao's arrival." In order to protect, develop, and make good use of the rich county-wide cultural resources, the Lushi County CPC Committee and the Lushi County People's Government established the Lushi Cultural Research Association in 2004 with the old cadre advisory group as the main body and the absorption of lovers of history and culture, and vigorously carried out the excavation, research, and collation of local culture. Experts and scholars from inside and outside the province were invited to gather in Sanmenxia City twice to discuss topics such as the origin of the name of Lushi County and the origin of Lu's clan, and comprehensively and systematically discussed the issues of "the origin of the Lu clan from the zun Lu clan, a branch of the ancient Fuxi clan, and the origin of the Yandi Shennong clan from Lieshan, the initial capital and Yi, and later the establishment of the capital in Qi Cunwan, Lushi County" and other issues. The research results released by the participants, such as "Lu's Nejin is the Iron Evidence of the Ancient State of Lu", "The Chinese Lu Surname Originates from LuShi County, Henan Province", "Lushi County is the Birthplace of the Chinese Lu Surname", and "The Ancient Country of Lu", were published in relevant newspapers and periodicals after the meeting. After lu tongsun, a retired division-level cadre of the Air Force, personally inspected Lushi County, he wrote in the "Luyuan Exploration Strategy" compiled and printed in October 2010: The surname Lu is a direct descendant of the eighth generation of the Shen clan, Samlu (Yuwang). It is composed of a tiger, a stomach, and a dish, and is a marriage between the ghost surname Bird Branch (stomach) originating in the "Weishui" basin and the White Tiger "Ginseng" clan. The ancestor of the Shennong clan Was born in Qicun Bay, Henan, the imperial capital of LuCheng. Fanyang Lu was a descendant of the Yandi Shennong clan. In July 2013, the Institute of History and Archaeology of Henan Academy of Social Sciences, together with the Lu Cultural Research Association, hosted the "2013 China Lu's Historical and Cultural Seminar", Yuan Yida, researcher of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhang Xinbin, director and researcher of the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Henan Academy of Social Sciences, Li Lixin, deputy director and researcher of the Institute of Zhongyuan Culture of the Henan Academy of Social Sciences, Wang Fengxian, former full-time vice chairman and researcher of the Gansu Provincial Federation of Social Sciences, and Zhou Shucan, professor and soochow scholar of Soochow University. More than 70 experts and scholars of literature and history from scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, and relevant units attended the meeting, including Professor Li Yujie of Henan University, Professor Chang Yaohua of Beijing Second University of Foreign Chinese, and other scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, and relevant units, to investigate and inspect many places, publish more than 20 research results, and conduct extensive and in-depth discussions on such topics as Zun LuShi, Lu Shi Guguo, and Dr. Qin Lu Ao, reach a consensus, and form minutes, so that Lu Shi County has more historical evidence and extensive rational recognition for "the ancestral land of the Chinese Lu surname." Beijing Cultural Research Association, Zhengzhou Surname Museum, Xinyang scholar Yu Daojin and other units and individuals have come to Lushi County for field investigation, and the results of the research have been widely disseminated after publication, so that people can further understand the survival and reproduction of the ancient Lu ethnic group in Lushi County and the creation of the history of Chinese national civilization. In November 2013, the film crew of China Education Television Station in Henan "Henan Lushi Geography and Literature Exhibition - Surname Chapter" made a special trip to Lushi County to shoot and Zun Lu tribe. Ancient Kingdom of Lu. The Lu surname is closely related to Qi Inch Bay. Yandi City. Lu Ao Cave. Lu Shishan. Lu Shiling and other real scenes make the content of "Henan Lu's Geographical and Cultural Expo - Surname" more detailed and vivid. In August 2014, the film crew of the CCTV Channel 9 big surname documentary "Wanjia Surname" went to Lushi County to shoot real scenes in Qi Cunwan, LuguWangzhai, Lu Aodong, Xingguo Temple and other places, making the historical evidence of Lushi County as the ancestral root of Lu surname more convincing. In the autumn of 2016, the reporter of the "Interview Program" of the "Dialogue with the Central Plains" column group of Henan Television Station interviewed eight people, including Niu Aijun, who was enthusiastic about studying and studying surname culture, at the Jiulongdong Scenic Cultural Square, and listened to them tell the story of Lu's history and culture. Lu Xialong, deputy secretary-general of the Zhejiang Lu Clan Origin Research Association, said in February 2016 in the article "The New Examination of the Ancient Lu Clan Source Stream": "The fifth generation of the Zun Lu clan, who ruled for more than 90 years, was located in Honglushui (located in Lushi County). The Lu clan originally belonged to the Rong people, and one of them established the Lufang tribe in the upper reaches of the Yuxiluo River. As the traditional base of the Lu clan, the Lu clan of Yuxi coexisted with the newly divided Lu of Northern Hubei and the Lu of Jinan. In August 2017, Li Xinzhi, a retired teacher at Shuanghuaishu Township Middle School in Lushi County, published his monograph "Suoyin in Lushi Ancient County" by China Book Publishing House. In December 2017, under the leadership of Lu Dehua, executive vice president and secretary general of the Lu Surname Committee of the Henan Family Name Culture Research Association, experts, scholars and representatives of clan relatives from Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places went to Dongming, Wenyu, Shahe, Panhe and other places to visit the ruins of Lu's ancient city and Lu Junzuka to commemorate the ancestors of Liezong. In May 2018, more than 200 representatives of the Lu clan in Henan visited the ancient city of Lu and Lu Junzuka to worship the ancient ancestors and visit the renovated Lu Ao Cave, and many people were deeply touched and said that "finally found the hometown of the ancient ancestors". In July 2019, the "Lushi County for Chinese Lu Surname Ancestral Roots Research and Accreditation Association" hosted by the Henan Provincial Research and Identification Center for Ancestral And Celebrity Origins, and undertaken by the People's Government of Lushi County and the Institute of History and Archaeology of Henan Academy of Social Sciences was held in Lushi County, and Song Zhenhao, member of the Faculty of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, researcher of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, doctoral supervisor, and president of the Chinese Pre-Qin History Society; Yuan Yida, expert in the study of surname culture of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and master of the Center for the Origin of Chinese Surnames; and professor of history and doctoral supervisor of Nankai University Zhu Yanmin, vice president of the China Shangyin Culture Research Association; Du Yong, professor of Tianjin Normal University, doctoral supervisor, and director of the Huaxia Surname Research Center; Wang Daliang, director of the Scientific Research Department of the Central League School and a famous expert in the study of surname and genealogy culture; Zhou Shucan, professor of the School of Sociology of Soochow University and a scholar of Soochow, and Gu Jianquan, president of the Henan Academy of Social Sciences; and other experts and scholars in the study of pre-Qin history and surname culture attended the meeting to further discuss the issue of the origin of the Lu surname in China, reach a high degree of consensus, and form the minutes of the meeting. It was agreed that Lushi County was an important area of activity of the ZunLu clan, and that Lu Fang in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties was in the area of present-day Lushi County, and that the name of Lu County and the place names related to Lu were an important basis for the Lu surname to find its roots. Accordingly, on July 13, 2019, the Henan Provincial Research and Identification Center for the Ancestral Land of Surnames and Celebrities made a "Research and Identification Theory on Lushi County as the Ancestral Land of the Lu Surname in China".
On July 21, 2020, Professor Liu Qingzhu, a famous archaeologist in China, a member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the dean of the School of History of Zhengzhou University, and a doctoral supervisor, visited the "Tianzhong Pulpit" of Zhengzhou Municipal Library, and in the discussion entitled "Interpretation of 'Zhong' and 'Harmony' under the Threshold of Capital Archaeology", he believed that the capital city and the "state" are inseparable, there must be a capital city, and there must be a country, and there must be a capital city. As archaeology with the relics as the object of scientific research, the capital city is the "most concentrated" materialization carrier of the "national" relics. This incisive and clear conclusion once again shows that Lushi County is the place where China built the founding of the ancient State of Lu, and Lushi County is the ancestral root of the Chinese Surname Lu.
We are historical materialists, observing, studying, and determining that everything should respect history, respect objective existence, take facts as the basis, take historical records as evidence, adhere to scientific principles, correctly understand the essence of things, judge the truth and falsity of things, and return things to their original appearance. The identification of Lushi County as the "ancestral root of the Chinese Lu surname" is a major achievement in the study of the history and culture of China's surnames, and is the crystallization of the wisdom of experts and scholars in archaeology, history and surname history and culture, which is well deserved. The Henan Provincial Ancestral Land and Celebrity Chinese Origin Research and Accreditation Center awarded the plaque of "Chinese Lu Surname Ancestral Land" to the Lushi County People's Government, which is the aspiration of the people, and is an affirmation and praise for the achievements of the province and the whole country in the relevant social science research institutions, experts and scholars of colleges and universities, and cultural workers in Lushi County for more than ten years.
This article is a transcript of the author's study of the historical and cultural knowledge of the Lu surname, and the inaccuracies are inevitable, and experts and scholars and lu clans are respectfully invited to correct them personally.
About the Author
Lu Farun, male, a native of Xinzheng, Henan, college culture, member of the Communist Party of China, born in 1935, joined the work in 1951, and has worked in state-owned enterprises and provincial and municipal party and government organs. After retirement, he studied surname culture, and since 2006, he has successively continued to write genealogies for more than 20 villages in Zhengzhou city and Xinzheng City.