Alpine rice field in Minqing County, Fujian Province, thin shell field snail breeding technology
Alpine rice field nesting thin shell field snail (local snail) is a model that is relatively easy for farmers to operate and manage in the comprehensive cultivation of rice fields. Thin shell field snail due to rich nutrition, good meat taste, has always been an indispensable delicacy in the people's homes, farms and other essential food, but now the field snail has been very few, mainly in the 1960s and 1970s with grain fertilization with ammonia or ammonium bicarbonate and other excess, the original inherent snail species in the field have been eliminated. In order to restore and improve the ecological environment of thin-shelled snails, in March 2018, we selected the Xiaoyang Rice Field Base in Xiazhu Township, Minqing County, Fujian Province, at an altitude of 725 meters, to carry out ecological breeding of field snails and produce high-quality field snails, and achieved good breeding results.
First, the selection and preparation of cultivated rice fields
The snail is hardy and afraid of heat, the water temperature is lower than 10 °C or higher than 30 °C to stop feeding, and the growth rate and survival rate of the field snail are the highest at pH 6.5. Therefore, the rice field must choose a rotten mud field environment with high terrain, fresh water quality, sufficient sunshine, soil humus, and suitable for late rice production. The Xiaoyang base in Xiazhu Township is about 56.5 acres of rice fields, with convenient transportation, not within the scope of residential living areas, no duck raising, convenient inlet and drainage, and the soil pH is 5.5 to 7.5. According to the topography of the rice field, some bamboo fences can be fenced, or polyethylene mesh or galvanized barbed wire mesh can be used, and the grass in the field should be cleared.
Second, the transformation of rice paddies
1. Ploughing of paddy fields In the spring ploughing season, the use of small tractors to plough the field, first of all, to increase the height of the reinforcement of the field, the inlet and drainage need to be set up anti-escape fence, can store water depth of 20 cm, so that it does not crack, do not collapse, do not leak. In order to ensure that rice production is not reduced, the area of snail ditches and pits accounts for 5% to 7% of the total area of paddy fields, and the shape of the fields is opened into the shape of "one", "ten", "mouth" or "field", so that the ditches and pits are connected.
2. Disinfection and fertilization After the transformation of the rice field, the predator and disinfection should be completely removed half a month before the stocking of the snail, and the quicklime 50 kg/mu should be evenly sprinkled with water, which can remove small miscellaneous fish and shrimp and other miscellaneous snails. During the breeding period, some quicklime is applied, generally each time the dosage is 5 to 10 kg / mu, adjust the water quality and supplement the calcium required for snail growth. The base fertilizer in the field should be applied with 200 kg/mu of manure and 25 kg/mu of special organic fertilizer for rice, and sufficient base fertilizer can propagate and cultivate the bait organisms of field snails, and can also provide good bottom fertilizer for rice planting.
Third, snail species stocking
If snail species are stocked in the first year, it is best to stock them before breeding. Rice field snails should be selected from local thin-shelled field snail species, which can be purchased in the market. Snail species require light brown color, intact shells, snail body without ants and other parasitic, healthy individuals are larger. The female is large and round, and the male is small and long with a curved right antennae inwards. Females and males should be stocked together in a 3:7 ratio, generally 7 kg /mu snail species, which can reproduce naturally to ensure the growth of field snails all year round. If it is a snail stocking, it should be selected half a month after planting, and then released after the seedlings return to green. Stocking 5 to 7 g/ snail 3000 / mu (weight about 18 kg).
4. Rice cultivation
The local varieties of "Yongyou No. 15" and "Xiaoyang 828" with excellent varieties, strong disease and pest resistance and high yield were selected, and the dense planting was cultivated according to the field interval, and the seedling spacing reached 20 cm, which was 6.6 cm larger than the interval of pure rice. Depending on the size of the field, a 0.3-meter-wide conch trench is appropriately reserved in the middle, which helps customers to experience the fun of touching the conch in the summer.
5. Daily management
1. Feeding field snails are omnivorous, generally aquatic plants, soil humus, etc. as the main food, in order to ensure the quality of field snails, the entire production process is generally not fed. However, before the breeding period and overwintering period of field snails, some rice bran or bran can be appropriately added to supplement nutrition.
2. Regulation of rice field water level According to the needs of rice and field snail growth, adjust the water level in time. Generally, the water level is slightly lower when planting seedlings, the snails generally live in the pit ditch, and the water level can be adjusted to 10 cm after the seedlings return to green, and the field snails can go to the field to forage for food. In the alpine zone, there are generally independent water channels, the amount of water in the field reaches a state of micro-flowing water, and the oxygen content is maintained at more than 4.0 mg/L throughout the breeding process. During the breeding season and winter period of field snails, the water level can be slightly higher.
3. Fertilization and medication of rice In the rice fields where the snails are cultivated, the topdressing of rice is mainly based on the application of special organic fertilizer for rice, and the use of ammonium bicarbonate is strictly prohibited. The whole growth process of rice has fewer diseases, no medicine, summer field snails will be adsorbed around the rice, which is a good way to prevent the occurrence of rice planthoppers, and insect trap lamps are installed in the field. The field is mainly based on the production of rice, if it encounters diseases and pests, in order not to affect the grain yield, it is necessary to choose high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides. Before applying the drug, appropriately increase the water level of the rice field, choose the dew on a sunny day and spray it after drying, minimize the pesticide into the water, and cannot affect the field snail.
4. Disease control of field snails The diseases of field snails are relatively small, but in order to prevent the occurrence of calcium deficiency in field snails, it is necessary to apply dry stone powder before ploughing the rice field or according to the actual situation during growth. The disease of field snails is mainly to prevent the occurrence of predators, mainly water ducks, birds, voles, ants, etc., to make full use of day and night patrols, found enemies in a timely manner. If it is found that ants can be trapped and killed by grass soaked in pig's blood, they can be trapped and killed in the field. The grass in the field should be cut clean in time to prevent the voles from punching holes and causing the field to leak or collapse. Rice paddy fields where field snails are farmed should not be polycultured with grass carp, carp, crucian carp, bluefish, etc.
5. Anti-escape patrol Sooner or later, it is necessary to check diligently whether the fence of the entrance and drainage outlet is blocked or damaged, and whether the field is leaking, especially on rainy days in the mountains, it is necessary to be more careful to deal with the garbage inlet and drainage outlet to prevent the field from being overfilled or the field collapsing to cause the snail to escape; the evening patrol should observe whether there is any enemy damage, so as to find and deal with it together.
6. Wintering of the field snail Strengthen the nutrition of the field snail before wintering, adjust the water level in the field appropriately, and cut the dried straw and scatter it into the field to facilitate the field snail digging hole to hide and overwinter in the soil.
7. Harvest When the size of the field snail reaches 10 ~ 20 grams / only can be caught and listed, the harvest field snail should take the catch of large and small, selectively select and retain part of the female snail, so as to achieve natural replanting, and there is no need to cast seedlings every year after that. The transportation requirements of the field snail are simple, as long as it is moisturized and prevents exposure to high temperatures.
6. Discussion and Summary
1. Alpine rice field original ecological nesting thin shell field snail is a project worth promoting. The comprehensive cultivation of rice snails does not affect the yield of grain production, but also improves the quality of rice, the average yield per mu reaches 375 kg of rice, 115 kg of field snails, and the rice and field snails produced are green and environmentally friendly foods. In 2018, it won the "Green Ecology Award" of the National Rice-Fishery Comprehensive Breeding High-quality Fishery Rice Competition, the rice taste is good, the price is also high, and the comprehensive rice snail breeding can earn 5,000 to 10,000 yuan more per mu than the simple rice planting, which increases the enthusiasm of farmers to farm, and is a good project for the current rural precision poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
2. Be extra careful in the selection of snail types. A strict distinction must be made between the thin-shelled field snail and the Fushou snail, which is an invasive alien species and a rice field pest. Now red eggs are often seen in the ditches or lotus ponds on the side of the road, and it is strictly forbidden to mix with Fushou snails when purchasing seeds, and to prevent the eggs from flowing into the rice fields with external water sources.
3. The mode of comprehensive cultivation of rice snails can bring new experiences to farmland, especially in the summer, groups living in the city can come to the field to touch the snails, and there is a kind of fun of life that returns to the countryside.
4. Carrying out the breeding of the original ecological thin shell field snail can increase the income of farmers, and it has a seed preservation effect on the thin shell field snail whose yield is gradually decreasing. The field of breeding field snails must maintain the state of paddy fields, which effectively curbs the phenomenon of terrace abandonment caused by the transfer of labor in alpine areas, and has certain significance for the recovery and utilization of rice fields.
Chen Zhenlin [Jishan Huayao self-media network debut]