Qing Dynasty Zou Lu famous scholar Ma Bangyu

Huling Boya sent a garden

The name is the same as the golden stone

——An overview of Ma Bangyu's life

Ma Bangyu, born in 1762, died in 1825, aged sixty-four, the character Jingshi, the number of the garden, later more than the stone garden, ancestral home of Yutai Jiao Village (now Tengzhou Binhu Town Dongjiao Village), great-grandfather Ma Yukai moved to Yutai Chitou Ju (now Tengzhou Dawu Town Chitou Ji Village), Ma Bangyu lived in Zou County Xicao Sheqi MaZhuang (now Tengzhou Jiehe Town Xi'an Lou Village). Grandfather Ma Fuzhen, Zi Ju Wu; Father Ma Chengqi, Zi Zhengong, No. Song, EngongSheng, Candidate Teachings; Brother Ma Bangjin, Zi Canxi, No. Tong feng, ZengGuangsheng; Brother Ma Bangju, Zi Daiyang, No. Wolu, in 1800 Jiaqing Gengshen Enke Thirteenth Lifter, 1805 Yi Ugly Branch Sixtieth Jinshi. Wife Wang Clan, Ji Li Clan, Zi Si, Long Star Room, Secondary Star Wing, Sub Star Ji, And Sub Star Lou, all of which are from the Wang clan.

1. Biographical resume

From the age of four, he studied calligraphy with his grandfather Ma Fuzhen, read the Bible at the age of seven, and when ma Fuzhen was ill at the age of nine, he knew that Ma Bangyu was young and different, born a piece of reading jade, and before he died, he asked Ma Chenglin and his wife to "build a monument in front of the ancestral tomb to teach Bangyu to read", after the death of his grandfather, his father Ma Chenglin "taught the four directions of friendship and carried jade to follow". By the age of fifteen, he had read several volumes of the History of the Scriptures and hundreds of poems from the Han Wei to the Ming Dynasty. At the age of eighteen, he was given a discipleship by the boy and became a Xiucai; at the age of twenty, he followed his father Guan Jiangnan you Jianghuai to teach people, and set up a teaching room for Xiao, Su, and Lingbi; at the age of twenty-three, he ate a food (receiving Lu rice); and at the age of twenty-eight, he was selected to pay tribute. From the age of eighteen to twenty-eight, a total of six examinations took place in the township between the ages of ten years. At the age of twenty-nine, he took the court examination, got the first rank, stayed in the Beijing Division for a year, and used his teaching position to use it, and in October of that year, his mother Wang Shi died. In the autumn of 1793, at the age of thirty-two, Ma Bangyu was appointed as the instructor of Fei County, and he welcomed his father to the School Bureau. At the age of thirty-four, his father died, he returned from Fei County, and went to Chitou Jijia to have no house to live in, and in the small garden of his father-in-law's family in Mazhuang, Zounan, Ma Bangyu "weaves thatched stones, built rooms in between, Lu can accommodate knees, walls are only shoulder to shoulders, hunger and cold can not survive." The eldest brother Ma Bangjin was imprisoned for the incident, and the younger brother Ma Bangju was in the main hall tengdong, "the coffin is not buried, the sorrow is invincible, the time is endless, because the name of his residence is Huai continuation hall, with the will to mourn." At the age of thirty-five, he went to The Capital to ask for his grandparents and parents; at the age of thirty-six, he buried his parents in Zulin. At the age of thirty-seven, he was the fourth person in the Jiaqing Xin Youke Sect at the age of forty-seven; from the age of forty-one, he served as a teacher in the Shan County School Bureau until his death. At the age of fifty-six, the eldest son Ma Xingfang died of illness and his daughter-in-law was martyred; at the age of sixty-one, his wife Wang Shi died. In 1825, at the age of sixty-four, Ma Bangyu was appointed professor of Dengzhou Prefecture, and before he could take up his post, he finally lived in a single county official residence.

Second, the family affection

When he returned home from the capital at the age of twenty-nine, his mother had died, and he was devastated, and he looked up at the sky and sighed: "Woohoo! Yu He Gu, the heavens sent disaster punishment, and my mother and son held a grudge for life, and they could not see it once! "The deep love between mother and child can be seen. At the age of thirty-two, he was taught the teaching of Fei County, and he "greeted his father in the School Bureau, and served at the end of the day". When he was fifty-six years old, his eldest son Ma Xingfang died of illness and his daughter-in-law was martyred, he heard the bad news that "sorrow and sorrow, can not win by himself", hurriedly rushed home from Shan County, and wrote the "Edict of the House": "I did heavenly punishment, and I actually died, I could not speak, how can I be." Before his younger brother Ma Bangju did not lift, he wrote a poem of encouragement: "Self-confidence is poor is not a disease, but it is difficult to eat." The chicken window is still inspirational, and the literature and history are bows. When Ma Bangju sent it from Jeju to the Han monument Tuoba Ben, he was very excited: "The ancients had dead friends, and they held faith in life and death. I and my brother are fractal and connected. However, the situation is slightly different, and the rendezvous is not easy. There is a wind coming from the southwest, and the heart palpitates. The brother is also in the southwest, which should be the wind. In the poem "Sending Brothers", he even used branches as a metaphor for the roots of brothers, "The spiritual roots are thick and virtuous, and the branches and leaves are lush and even." Branches are relatively attached, and leaves are dependent on each other. ”

Third, study diligently and read well

Ma Bangyu began to read the Bible at the age of seven, "reading thousands of words a day", at the age of fifteen, he had already read several volumes of the history of the Scriptures, hundreds of poems from the Han Wei to the Ming Dynasty, and read all the books in his life. During the teaching period, there was an evaluation that "the member has excellent character and learning, and is well-educated". In terms of scripture, Ma's father and son started with scripture and deeply analyzed the principles of scripture, and Ma Bangyu's disciple, Guangxu Nine-Year Jinshi, and Hanlin Academy editor Gao Xizhe once said: "The study of the scriptures of Qilu is half in Ma's school." "It can be seen that Ma's influence on scripture is great. Ma Bangyu once wrote a group of poems in the form of five-character poems, and made a brief evaluation of the thirteen classics such as "Zhou Yi", "Analects", "Mencius", "Shang Shu", and "Spring and Autumn", and summarized in the last poem: "Shi Gui Tong Jing Shu, from the first Bowen. Explore the karma of the sages, regardless of the period of use. "When you know the scriptures, you will work hard all your life." Feng Yu is getting older, lazy and can't be diligent. "Reading books and reading that his eyes are sick shows that he is diligent and diligent. In terms of poetry, he "selfishly admired the ancients", highly admired the "Book of Poetry", "Leaving sorrows" and the poems of the Han and Wei dynasties, read the poems to whether they were "temperamental, cut to the love" as the standard, believed that the Han Dynasty "poetry is close to ancient meaning, the scale of the atmosphere is simple and broad", he believes that the poems of Cao Cao's father and son in Wei Shi and Wang Liu ChenXu and others are "majestic and ancient, and there is a Han style", in his youth, he searched for two hundred Han and Wei poems, hand-copied into two volumes, and recorded the ninety-two poems of Cao Zhi as a volume, and studied them from time to time. In terms of history, he said, "Yu tasted through the twenty-first history, seeking its straightness and fairness, simplicity and clarity, subtle and obvious, and those who believed and did not slander." In particular, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is highly evaluated, "History is a good history. It is thought that the book is "too straight to be similar, and the exhortation is better than that of Tai Shi Gong".

Fourth, the personality is strong

In the eyes of others, although Ma Bangyu was highly talented and erudite when he was young, he was a "crazy student". He said in "On Madness": "After the twentieth century, the south traveled to Jianghuai, the north to Yan Zhao, and all the handovers were mad. In fact, his madness is not arrogance and arrogance, let alone arrogance and arrogance, but he does not agree with the world in reading and learning, and he is not inclined to become inflamed by the dignitaries and nobles. At that time, some readers were "curious and knowledgeable, discussing the past and not the present, looking at the predecessors, and being self-absorbed and selfish", and he "wanted to learn from a scholar and the right way". That is to say, he is defending the heart of the sages and the way of the saints, attacking heresies and heresies. When others called him crazy, he "did not resign, but he sought the aspirations of the ancients every day, and did not dare to agree with the world, nor did he dare to discuss confucianism." The bibliography of novelty is unbearable, and the novelty is not heard. Whoever makes a mistake in his words and commentaries will compromise and pass it on, calm his mind, and obey him if his words are right. If they do not respect the past and disagree with heresy, they will be analyzed and cannot be silently observed, although they will cut off the opposite side of the seat, and they will see evil against the dignitaries and nobles, and they will not sympathize with it. His personality also determined that the articles he wrote were "not in line with the times", "did not follow the initiative of others, and were lazy and did not embellish", so his path to the imperial examination was "profitable and stagnant", but he tasted the language scholars said: "Reading must be moral, able to write." If the disciple is meritorious, Pins is down. He also said, "Jade in Pu does not need to be cut by workers, Lan zaigu has its own faith and beauty, and reading and writing is not inferior to me!" "It can be seen from this that gengsuke is a good example. He also seriously examined his personality in middle age, and he wrote in the "Preface to shiwen": "Yu was born at the age of thirty-eight, negative and impatient, unable to camp the trend position, jealous and excessive, angry, difficult and coercive, narrow in the path of the official, who is Qu Rong? If you are greedy and reckless, to the point of being tortured, and your reputation is crippled, how can you be poor? "Therefore, he was once desperate to go to the eunuch's path, and he was absolutely determined to do it. This is not so much his sober understanding of his own character flaws as it is his deep examination of the social situation at that time.

Fifth, Yahao Golden Stone

Ma Bangyu loved gold and stone all his life, and he loved ancient poetry, words, calligraphy, painting and engraving, especially the ancient carvings of stele stones, and his family had a wealth of collections. "Since he was more than ten years old, he has acquired the monuments of Qufu and Jining; after twenty years, he has purchased the stone carvings of Jiaxiang, Wenshang, Chengwu, Dongping, Zhucheng and Feicheng. The Shanzuo Han Stele is seen in the bibliographer, and it is preserved. Later, the monuments of Gaoyang, Guangping, Chengxian, Baoxi, Dengfeng, Yanling, Yuanshi, and Balikun were continued, and compared with the previous zhi, there were four or five out of ten. He also "tasted steep peaks, sought curved streams, entered thin forests, waddled rubble, flat streams and far away, looked out at the poles, and when there was an old system, shaved moss and moss, it must be recognized." Ma Xingyi also said in the "Jiazang Han Stone Carving": "The family lord is good at gold stone writing. All those who encounter the ruins of the deserted village and the broken stele are recited and recited. Its anecdotal market, the transformation of the appearance of the ancient, at first sight know its falsification. For more than ten years, more than 30 kinds of stone carvings of the two Han Dynasties have been sought, and the following Wei and Jin dynasties cannot be enumerated. He found that among the stone carvings in the collection, the most famous were three Han Dynasty stone carvings. The first is the Yang Shugong Monument. The stone was discovered in April 1816, and he wrote: "Shi Xin came out of the Juye No. Changyi Gathering, the natives abandoned the roadside, the brother saw it, for the jade word, the jade sent children to buy it, moved to the house." His son Ma Xingyi wrote: "In the spring of this year (1816), the family was in Cao County, and his uncle went to the province from Jishang, and he saw a broken stone in Changyi in the Daozhong, with eight characters carved on the side. ... Yi Cheng ordered him to ask for his stone, bought it for a thousand dollars, and used an ox cart to go to the church on the tenth day of the first month of April. "The second is han yongyuan carved stone. In September 1816, "Yuyin falsely rotated in the east, passed through the village in front of the mountain, saw the servant stone on the side of the well, carved the Yongyuan year number on the side, and moved to the family school." In the following year, Di Bangju visited the second half of the stone, and the people in the north of the well chiseled to feed the pig, and in September 1819, the life star wing and the star basket were purchased, and they were combined into one stone, as if they were all bibi. He wrote in the "Yongyuan Carved Stone Inscription": "Shangyou Ancients I long-cherished wish, the testament to help qing madness, willing to leave the stone carving for ten million years, and later the zhishi view of the common sentiment." "The third is the three-year carved stone of Tianfeng. It was discovered in July 1817 in front of Mount Matou in the north of Anmazhuang and later moved to his home. He cherished these three Han tablets" and "placed these three stones in one hall, idle in the mozzie, for me to delight, but also to broom swallow stones, self-conscious treasure." Since then, he has named his study as "Baohan Zhai" and himself as Shiyuan. In addition, a carved stone of the portrait of Lao Tzu of Tang Tianbao was also received, which was found in August 1809 next to the South Gate Road in Shan County, which was also particularly precious. Ma Bangyu also grew up in ancient Chinese and the study of jinshi examination. He saw that the collectors of Han tablets at that time" "but took the handwriting, disregarded the meaning of the text, arbitrarily cut, and caused more distortion", so he collected the stone carved and expanded the book, "hand-recorded its text, carefully examined the section and its title, each as the title, describing its upheaval", and later compiled it into four volumes of "Han Stele Records", each of which was followed by an examination and interpretation evaluation, a total of eighty-four kinds of Han stele, with three kinds of Wei stele, which is an important reference material for the study of Han stele in China. He repeatedly played with the Wufeng Monument, the Yiying Monument, the Shi Chen Monument, the Kong Zhou Monument, the Ceremonial Instrument Monument, and other expanded books, studied them carefully, and played with them from time to time, and wrote a group of poems "Ten Long Titles of Qufu Han Steles".

Sixth, he has written a lot of books

In addition to the Records of the Han Tablets, Ma Bangyu's writings include the Records of the Golden Stone Fables, the Three Volumes of the Huaixutang Anthology, the Two Volumes of the Collected Poems, the One Volume of the Records of Ancient Yi, and the One Volume of the Essays on sending gardens, which were destroyed by soldiers in the eleventh year of Xianfeng. The two volumes of the Collected Poems of Huai Xutang and the "Chronicles of The Dynasties", "Comments on the Fa Ti", "Notes on Famous Paintings", "Maxims of the Former Philosophers", "Former Incidents", "Inscriptions of Han Wei Poems", "Benyan of Han Poems", "Wang Zhusu Poems Published Errors", and "Poetry Collections" are all collected by his son Ma Xingyi, and later carefully protected by Qu Wanli and Wang Xiantang of the National Shandong Library, and were passed on to future generations.

7. Other contributions.

Ma Bangyu has played a positive role in promoting culture and education. At the age of twenty, he began to teach people in Jiangnan and Jianghuai, and since the age of thirty-two, he has successively served as a teaching in Fei County, an acting teaching in Jiyang, and a teaching in Shan County, teaching countless students and disciples, and many disciples have been instructed by him. He built a schoolhouse in Fei County, renovated the Mingqin Academy in Shan County, advocated the establishment of Yixue, and presided over the formulation of yixue rules and regulations. Ma Bangyu is also concerned about people's livelihood and suffering. In the face of the Yellow River's breach, he wrote "Proposed To Govern the River Strategy" and "The Proposal on the Determination of the River", which showed the harm of the Chen Zhi River and put forward reasonable opinions; in the face of the heavy river workers, he wrote the "People's Urgent Article Cambodia Fan Order", which said: "Please be the beginning of the husband's price, please kill the price of rice, this order is his own deeds, the four wild groups feel worn, the people are originally mellow, and may the monarch be lenient." Ma Bangyu used poetry to depict Zou Lu's mountains and rivers. He praised Yishan: "There are many mountains in the eastern country, and Zou Yi is unique and beautiful." Wan Ling cut hibiscus, followed by the tail of the mountains. He wrote about dyeing the mountain: "Shan Yin Bai Sensen, the right spring of the mountain is turbulent." Down the hill to follow the dragon pool, a bay willow is the best. "It also records about the Mengmiao Temple, the Painting Guatai, the Fuxi Tomb, the Muxian Mountain and other monuments.

Looking at Ma Bangyu's life, he studied as a child, was diligent in reading, his family was poor and ambitious, his personality was upright, he was good at jinshi, he wrote a lot of works, and made positive contributions to the culture and education of Zoulu, the most prominent thing is that he collected, researched and examined the gold stone, the Yang Shugong stele he found is now stored in the Palace Museum, the Yongyuan stele rubbings are also collected in the Forbidden City, and the "Records of Han Tablets" and "Golden Stone Fables" written by him have also become important reference materials for the study of Han tablets in China. As Ma Bangyu's friend Zichuan Zhai Cangyan said in the poem: "Huling Boya sent a garden, and the line was full of incense ink paper." Qi Qi is a good ancient poor search, and he wants to be with the golden stone for thousands of years. Indeed, Ma Bangyu's name must have been passed down through the ages with the gold and stone relics he found. (Author: Maga Xue)