The problem with Chen Shou is recorded in the "Biography of Chen Shou in the Book of Jin". There are two main stories, one is that Ding Yi and The Ding Brothers are all celebrities of the Wei State, and they should be passed down according to reason. Chen Shou found 2 brothers and said, as long as you give me 1,000 yuan of rice, you will help your father establish a legend. The 2 brothers' families were poor and could not get out 1,000 yuan of rice, and Chen Shou did not write a relevant biography.
Ding Yi
The second is that Chen Shou's father was a member of Ma Mo's army, and because of the defeat of Ma Mo at the Street Pavilion, Ma Mo was punished by Zhuge Liang, and his father was also implicated and sentenced to "shaving his hair". Chen Shou held a grudge in his heart and deliberately belittled Zhuge Liang when writing the book. For example: "the plot is short" and "no plot to judge the strategy", which is considered to be "curved pen", "A Jin" and "vent private anger".
Not very hurtful, highly insulting torture
It should be clear that Chen Shou was born in 233-297 AD, and the nature of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is modern history. The author of the Book of Jin is Fang Xuanling of the Tang Dynasty, a time difference of 300 years, and the ancient history is written. The 2 books are listed in the same 24 histories, which are officially recognized as canonical histories. Who is more trustworthy?
Fang Xuanling
When the Book of Jin records that Chen Shou asked for bribes from the 2 brothers, the tone was uncertain. It is about "or clouds", that is, "there is such a saying", "according to people". Credibility is questionable. Since the Ding Yi and Ding Brothers are so famous, will it be because of the omission of major events that are not listed? Nor does it.
Book of Jin
Reference can be made to Pei Songzhi's Notes on the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Zizhi Tongjian and other literature. The records of 2 dings are trivial, insignificant and poor character. It is a matter of course not to give them a message. The Qing Dynasty's "Examination of the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms" also has circumstantial evidence, Ding Yi and Ding Yu are only minor officials who are right-sided and adulterous and yellow-door waiters, and have no inches.
The Yellow Gate Attendant was the Emperor's close attendant
Still want to make a biography? Indeed should you be given 1000 axes! Chen Shou not only did not smear Zhuge Liang, as a Jin courtier, in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" a total of 8 people single independent biography, in addition to the main prince level figures, only Zhuge Liang and Lu Xun are listed separately, giving enough face to the enemy country's chancellor, Chen Shou's overall evaluation of Zhuge Liang tends to praise, and the number of words is also the largest.
A minister of the same rank as the emperor
More than Liu Bei, Liu Chan, Cao Cao, cao Pi, it is called "good talent for ruling the world". The tone of the evaluation is also that Kong Ming 4 out of the Qi Mountains and has not built an inch of achievement, probably because his tricks and tricks are not as good as the ability to govern the country. Qianlong also included the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms when he finalized the Twenty-Four Histories, which shows the lofty status of its historical value.
Qianlong King-made Twenty-Four Histories
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms is refined, and Chen Shou has carried out strict research and careful deletion of historical materials, abolished materials with low credibility, and did not write comments in vain. This is also the reason why the full text of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is only more than 350,000 words. However, the historical data is insufficient, and the order of occurrence is reversed, and the logic before and after is difficult to straighten out.
Ancient historian
Now many people are going to the other extreme. The study of the Three Kingdoms takes the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as the priority, and all the materials written in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are quoted from the scriptures, and all the materials that cannot be found in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are excluded, which is simple and rude. This, in turn, narrows the scope of historical documents. As everyone knows, there is also ancient history in addition to the main history.
Three kingdoms
For example, because the carriers of Sima Qian's and Ban Gu's "Ji Chuan Style" history books were too numerous, Liu Xie, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, ordered the historian to rewrite the "Chronicle of Han" as a supplement to the canonical history. The Spring and Autumn Period, the Zuo Chuan, the Zizhi Tongjian, and the Pei Notes are not included in the Twenty-Four Histories, and we still call them "chronicles" historical books.
Various historical examples
The first two "Later Han Shu" were recorded by the Eastern Wu historians, up to 100 volumes long, and were rated as "book fallacies and few letters". The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is still listed as one of the Twenty-Four Histories. The "Four Libraries of the Whole Book" has always had the disadvantage of destroying books and deleting articles. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, which depicts the Battle of Chibi indistinctly, is far less smooth than the chronicle Zizhi Tongjian.
Zizhi Tongjian
It can be seen that judging the merits of history books cannot be judged by whether they are correct histories. The two carriers of zhengshi and ancient history complement each other, and there are also different types of good and bad in the zhengshi and the credibility is not high. In addition, miscellaneous history, wild history, and Yishi are also excluded from the main history because they do not meet the standards.
Ming Dynasty hand-copied wild history
In fact, the content is often richer, the perspective is more extensive, most of them are written by the great Confucian who has absorbed the strengths of many families, and it is also a useful supplement to the correct history. For example, the well-known "Warring States Policy" was excluded from the 24 histories. The Wei and Jin Dynasty, the Canon Strategy, and the Jiankang Shilu are classified as miscellaneous histories simply because they are neither "Chronicles" nor Chronicles.
Warring States Policy
Therefore, the correct history, ancient history, and miscellaneous history corroborate each other, and complementing each other is the correct way to understand ancient history in a three-dimensional way. Pei Songzhi set a benchmark for us, with the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as the core, and listed the contents of the canonical history, chronicles, miscellaneous histories, pseudo-histories, and miscellaneous biographies, and debated them, providing us with space to clarify things.
Pei Songzhi
Studying history is not the only way out of reading history books. For example, when Fudan University studied Cao Cao's tomb, it overturned the claim in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Cao Cao had Xiahou ancestry. Modern historians have also come up with a lot of research results based on archaeology, and it is conducive to us to establish a scientific view of history by opening up the road of speech, the road of opening up the road, and the road of talent.