introduction
In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, China defeated the United Nations army headed by the United States and made a name for itself in New China. It marks that the Chinese people have since stood up, and the Western powers can no longer conquer China with a few cannons, and China has become a real power.
However, in recent decades, Chinese public knowledge and American fans have constantly questioned the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
Some satirize the Cold Dynasty: In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, China used the tactic of the sea of people, and the number of casualties was greater than that of the United Nations army, and thus delayed the recovery of Taiwan, affected China's reunification, and gained more than it lost, and China was in fact a defeated country.
Some people are worried about the fact that China and the United Nations army have ended the war through negotiations with the 38th Parallel, which is the starting point of the war, and neither China nor the United Nations army has won a victory, which should be a draw.
As we all know, whether or not a war is won or not is mainly whether the purpose of the war is achieved. As for the number of casualties and property damage, it is not the basis for victory in war.
In World War II, the number of Soviet casualties and property losses were far greater than Germany's, was Germany the victor?
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the United Nations army had entered the banks of the Yalu River. Chinese forces repelled uncommunicados from the Border between China and North Korea for more than 300 kilometers, as far south as the 17th parallel north, and occupied Seoul, the capital of South Korea.
Finally, an armistice agreement was signed on the 38th Parallel, the starting point of the war, which restored the border of the Korean People's Democratic Republic, smashed the CONSPIRACY OF the United States to drink the Yalu River and threaten New China, and achieved the goal of China's War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
However, the United Nations military led by the United States did not achieve the goal of overthrowing the Korean government, unifying the Korean Peninsula, and threatening new China.
It is a recognized fact that the United Nations forces were forced to sign the alliance under the city and were defeated.
However, these well-known and U.S. paradoxes have influenced people's understanding and evaluation of the war against the United States and Aid Korea.
Now it is necessary to get to the bottom of the matter and correct these well-known and beautiful fallacies. We must take history as a mirror, take history as a mirror, and take history as a mirror.
Chinese Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River
In the face of danger, he was ordered
On April 22, 1951, the Chinese and North Korean forces launched the Fifth Campaign to crush the strategic attempt of the United Nations army to land behind the Korean flank.
After breaking through the UN defense line and killing and wounding a large number of enemies, Commander Peng Dehuai, in view of the logistical replenishment and difficulties of the Chinese and DPRK armies, and finding that the enemy was retreating in an organized manner, ordered the pursuit to be terminated and retreated to the north of the 38th Line to rest and fight again.
Unjung Commander Ridgway spotted the retreat of Chinese and North Korean troops and ordered a counterattack (magnetic tactic).
The Sino-DPRK Joint Command did not anticipate the enemy's tactics of a rapid counterattack. In order to get rid of the unfavorable situation, Commander Peng Dehuai ordered each corps to leave an army to block the enemy, cover the retreat of large troops and establish deep defensive positions.
In order to ensure the volunteer army's material and transportation center, Tieyuan, Fu Chongbi, commander of the 63rd Army, led the defense of Tieyuan. General Manager Peng solemnly ordered Fu Chongbi: at all costs, at least 15 days.
Fu Chongbi (1916-2003), a native of Bazhong, Sichuan, joined the Red Army in 1932 and experienced the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation. When the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out, he served as the commander of the 63rd Army of the 19th Corps.
Fu Chongbi led his troops to deploy on the outskirts of Tieyuan. He judged the hour and sized up the situation, and deployed the troops in the shape of characters to strengthen the defense and delay the enemy's attack.
The 189th Division and the 187th Division leaned on each other in front of each other, fighting against the United Nations army according to the terrain, and depleting the enemy army. The 188th Division was reardivated as a reserve to assist in the defense in case of an accident.
General Fu Chongbi
Blood Battle Iron Plains
On May 30, 1951, about 50,000 people of the 1st Cavalry Division, the 3rd Division, the 25th Division, the British 27th Brigade, and the Plus 25th Brigade came to The iron plains in a murderous spirit.
The UN army has more than 1,300 artillery pieces, more than 180 tanks and more than 100 aircraft. Under the leadership of Van Vleet, commander of the Eighth Army, the Volunteer Army launched the campaign code-named "Piling Machine".
The U.S. 1st Cavalry Division first attacked the Lianchuan Pass defended by the 187th Division. The 3rd Battalion of the 561st Regiment of the 187th Division repelled many enemy attacks, and the attack of the 1st Cavalry Division was frustrated. On 1 June, the U.S. army turned to the defensive positions of the 189th Division.
Cai Changyuan, commander of the 189th Division, was well aware of the tactical characteristics of the US army, and creatively divided the whole division into more than 200 points to reduce the casualties of the troops and delay the enemy's attack, which is the famous "nail tactic".
Although the US 1st Cavalry Division continued to organize attacks, it achieved little success, the 189th Division firmly controlled the position, and the US 1st Cavalry Division's attack was frustrated.
Van Vleet saw the situation and ordered all kinds of artillery, tanks, and aircraft to bomb the volunteer positions, dropping 4,500 tons of various bombs in one day, which was 5 times the standard of U.S. bombing, and created the term "VanVleet's ammunition quantity.".
Under such a fierce bombardment, the 189th Division blocked the enemy layer by layer, and the United Nations army paid a heavy price for every step forward.
On June 2, the United Nations army continued to attack the heights of Seed Mountain and Wufeng Temple, where the 189th Division lived, and after a day of fierce fighting, the 189th Division held its position after paying heavy casualties.
By the evening of the 3rd, the 189th Division still controlled most of its positions, with casualties reduced by more than two-thirds.
The U.S. military pushed up a mountain of shell casings
The roof leak coincided with overnight rain, and a torrential rain caused a landslide on the south side of the highland, causing huge casualties to the 189th Division, and the loss of weapons and ammunition was not small, and the 189th Division was in danger.
Fu Chongbi judged the situation and hurriedly ordered the 188th Division to replace the 189th Division to hold its position, and the remnants of the 189th Division withdrew to Tieyuan.
Zhang Yinghui, commander of the 188th Division, had experience in tunnel warfare in Hebei. When he saw the anti-artillery holes and trenches left by the Roks on the position, he asked the soldiers to dig through the links and dig many tunnels to block the enemy and preserve their strength as much as possible.
In order to disrupt the enemy's attack, Division Commander Zhang Yinghui selected excellent shooters and organized a number of blocking teams to shoot and kill UN officers.
After being bombed by aircraft and artillery, the US army took the tank as the vanguard and rushed to the position of the 188th Division again and again.
Volunteer soldiers used tunnels to blow up more than 100 tanks. The blockers were out of nowhere, shooting and killing many American officers, causing panic and confusion to the American troops, and delaying the speed and time of the enemy's attack.
However, the United Nations army, armed to the teeth, continued to attack, and after paying heavy casualties, it gradually advanced into the position of the 188th Division, and the 188th Division suffered heavy losses.
After weighing the pros and cons, Fu Chongbi decided to flood the UN army. He ordered the sappers to blow up a nearby reservoir, flooding the LOW-lying UN forces and their equipment, muddying roads and fields, and slowing the UN offensive.
Volunteer machine gun positions
However, the situation of the 188th Division was not optimistic, and the losses were serious. Fu Chongbi ordered Xu Xin, commander of the 187th Division, to take over the positions of the 188th Division.
Fu Chongbi knew that he no longer had a single soldier, and whether he could complete the task could only rely on the 187th Division to fight a battle.
Burn one's boat
Xu Xin, commander of the 187th Division, was experienced in hundreds of battles, wise and resourceful, and had the demeanor of a Confucian general.
After leading his troops to take over the positions of the 188th Division, after on-the-spot investigation, he believed that if the conventional defensive tactics were followed, the enemy would eventually break through the defensive line, and the volunteer army would undoubtedly be defeated, and the consequences would be unimaginable.
As night approached, looking down the hill at the United Nations army that was relying on tanks and armored vehicles to camp, a new way of playing quickly jumped into shape.
Commander Xu Xin hurriedly asked Commander Zhao Chongbi by telephone for instructions and reported his battle plan.
Fu Chongbi listened to Xu Xin's tactics of shelling the enemy camp and then attacking in a chaotic manner to finally defeat the American army, which he greatly appreciated. It was decided to give Xu Xin the artillery and Katyusha rocket battalion of the whole army, so that he could fight a battle and give it a go.
After intense preparations, the entire artillery entered the position, and the 187th Division waited for the attack on the United Nations after the shelling.
At two o'clock in the morning, with Xu Xin's order, 240 artillery pieces of various types were fired at the United Nations camp.
Earth-shattering artillery shots resounded through the night sky, bullet marks streaked across the sky, the enemy positions were in flames, tanks and cars were crooked from side to side, and a raging fire was ignited.
The shells detonated the UN army's reserve of ammunition, like fireworks, earth-shattering, full of flames, reflecting the entire night sky.
The Un Army woke up from its slumber, cried and cried, and fled. The 187th Division blew up the charge horn and pursued and killed all the way, and the United Nations army abandoned its armor and fled south, suffering heavy casualties.
Volunteer artillery positions
finale
The next day (June 11), UN Commander Ridgway received a report from Chewon, knowing that the Chinese and North Korean armies had built defensive positions and that there was no point in continuing to attack Tetsuhara.
He immediately ordered the entire line to stop the attack and turn to the defensive. In his view, there was no hope of defeating the volunteers, and it was still necessary to return to the negotiating table to solve the problem of war.
Van Vleet, commander of the Eighth Army, was reluctant and wanted to avenge the attack. Helplessly, the military orders were difficult to violate, so they had to return home in sorrow.
On June 13, Fu Chongbi, commander of the 63rd Army, received an order from Zhisi to withdraw from the position and rest, and the fifth battle ended.
In the Tieyuan Blockade Battle, the 63rd Army fought against the 50,000 UN troops with 25,000 people, and used light weapons against the mechanized UN Army, holding on to the Tieyuan for 13 days.
The 63rd Army suffered more than 10,000 casualties and killed and wounded 20,000 UN troops (10,000 U.S. troops) to prevent the UN army from advancing north. Prompting the US military top brass to stop the northward expansion plan, turn to the defense and prepare for a negotiated settlement of the Korean War directly reversed the situation of the Korean War.
References: "Decisive Battle of Korea"
#历史星辰 #