The Battle of Chibi is one of the famous battles in China's history in which the less wins more and the weak win the strong, and it is also the most famous one in the "Three Great Battles" of the Three Kingdoms Period, which can be described as familiar, but what is the difference between the Battle of Chibi in the main history and what we are familiar with?
Background of the story: When Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, broke Wuhuan, and basically unified the north, he marched south to destroy Liu Biao first, and then attack Sun Quan, so as to unify the world, in the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), in the area of Chibi Mountain in the northwest of present-day Puxi City, Hubei Province, on the south bank of Chibi City, xianning City, Hubei Province), Yu Sun Quan and Liu Bei met together, Sun Liu's combined forces skillfully attacked with fire, and finally defeated the invincible Cao Cao with a weak victory, laying the foundation for the later Three Kingdoms.
However, because we are deeply influenced by the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the vast majority of people's cognition of the Battle of Chibi is also learned from novels or film and television dramas, although the novel has seven points true and three points false, but the description of the Battle of Chibi, the novel and the main history are very different, so that everyone inevitably recognizes a lot of wrong cognition into history. So, what are the differences?
In terms of military strength, zhou Yu is described in the novel as saying to Zhuge Liang, "There are 830,000 soldiers today, and only 50,000 or 60,000 soldiers in our army. That is to say, Cao Cao, at this time, had a total of 800,000 troops, but this was impossible, because the history books recorded that the total population of the whole country during this period was only more than 7 million, and Cao Wei only had more than 4 million, which could not afford to support 800,000 troops. In fact, how many people are there in Cao Jun? According to the Zizhi Tongjian, Zhou Yu reported to Sun Quan that the strength of cao's army was: "The Chinese he will have is only 150,000 or 60,000, and he has been tired for a long time; the number of people who have received is also 70,000 or 80,000 ears, and he is still suspicious." At this time, Cao Cao's entire Central Plains army was only 150,000 or 60,000 people, and the newly surrendered Liu Biao army was at most 70,000 or 80,000. Therefore, Cao Cao Cao Cao at this time at most more than 200,000 troops Sun Liu two families how many, Sun Liu allied forces a total of only 50,000 people, of which Sun Quan 30,000, Liu Bei 20,000, the difference in military strength is still relatively large.
Huang Gai's "bitter meat meter" does not exist. In order to win the trust of Cao Cao, Zhou Yu and Huang Gai sang a double reed play, first Zhou Yu used the excuse to beat Huang Gai to the skin and flesh, and the blood flowed at the same time, so that Huang Gai pretended to be angry and surrendered to the enemy. But this is only a fiction, and this does not exist in the main history. The history records that Huang Gai first sent a letter to Cao Cao, pretending to surrender, Cao Cao believed it to be true, and when Huang Gai came with a warship full of dry reeds, dry firewood and oil, Cao's army cheered, thinking that Huang Gai had come to surrender, but he did not expect to be burned by a fire.
Pang Tong's "serial plan" is also false and is not recorded in the main history. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, both Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang believed: "If you want to break cao bing, you must attack with fire." "But there is a problem," a ship on the river caught fire, and the remaining ships scattered, "unless Cao Cao's warships can be linked, so at this time, Pang Tong stood up and offered a "serial plan" to Cao Cao and persuaded Cao Cao to implement it, and as a result, the yellow cover that was tricked into surrendering burned down and failed miserably. The reason why Cao Cao connected the warships was because Cao Cao's army was all northern, did not know water warfare, and although he had the Qingzhou water army, the Qingzhou water army was not the main force of Cao's army. However, the rivers around Jingzhou and Eastern Wu converged, and the operation mainly relied on warships. Cao Cao saw his soldiers unable to fight on top of the bumpy ships. So Cao Cao thought of connecting the warships and making them as smooth as land. The burning of the warship did kill a lot of people, but there were still more than half of them dead, because the plague epidemic of the Cao army was at that time, so Cao Cao could not help but lead the army to the north, and Cao Cao himself did not approve of the burning, he once sent a letter to Sun Quan, saying the reason for the failure of the Battle of Chibi. Cao Cao believed that the soldiers had retreated because of illness and had burned their ships when they retreated.
There is no Huarong Dao Guan Yu Yi interpretation of Cao Cao. Only Liu Bei led his troops to Huarong Province to prepare to ambush Cao Cao, but it turned out that it was too late, and Cao Cao had already withdrawn and returned to Jiangling.
Zhuge Liang's tongue and group Confucianism do not exist. Zhuge Liang's wisdom stimulated Zhou Yu, and it did not exist. The Zizhi Tongjian records that Zhuge Liang saw Sun Quan: "There was great turmoil in the sea, the general raised troops in Jiangdong, liu Yuzhou took over Hannan, and fought with Cao Cao for the world. Now that cao qianyi is in great trouble, it has been slightly calmed, and it has broken through Jingzhou and shaken the world. If we can compete with China with wu and yue, it is better to fight with them early; if not, why not follow the armor of the army and go north! Now the general entrusts himself with the name of obedience and hesitates inside, and things are urgent and continuous, and the disaster will be endless! "Probably means that Cao Cao is powerful, and if you Sun Quan wants to be stable, you must either join forces with Liu to resist Cao, or surrender as soon as possible." It can only be said that Zhuge Liang fought Sun Quan with his tongue and persuaded Sun Quan, but did not have a direct confrontation with jiangdong qunchen. At this time, Zhou Yu was not here, but in Panyang, so Zhou Yu did not meet with Zhuge Liang. In the main history, there is no record of Zhuge Liang meeting with Zhou Yu, and the contact between Eastern Wu and Liu Bei has always been Lu Su and Zhuge Jin, and Zhuge Liang has only visited Jiangdong once to promote Sun Liu's alliance.
Zhuge Liangcao's boat borrowed arrows, which was fake. The real straw boat borrowing arrows was done by Sun Quan. Not on the Chibi battlefield, but in the Battle of Misaki five years later. In the first month of the eighteenth year of Jian'an (213 AD), Cao Cao led a large army south to attack Wusu. One day, Sun Quan took advantage of the morning fog to go to Cao Ying in a light boat to observe the situation of Cao Jun, and when he approached Cao Ying for five or six miles, Sun Quan was in a fog and was bold, so he ordered his soldiers to beat drums and play music to facilitate the observation of Cao Jun's movements. However, for Cao Jun, because of the fog, Cao Jun could not see the situation on the other side, so Cao Cao ordered the crossbow to be fired in unison and did not let Wu Chuan approach. After a while, Sun Quan's light boat was tilted because there were too many arrows on one side, and Sun Quan ordered people to turn the bow of the ship, so that the other side was subject to arrows, and the ship slowly balanced over, which returned safely. This is the prototype of Zhuge Liangcao's boat borrowing arrows.
Cai Mao Zhang Yun was not involved in the "anti-plot" and was killed. In the rendition, after Cai Mao Zhang Yun surrendered to Cao, he was deeply jealous of Zhou Yu because of the method of deep cultivation and training of water troops. Therefore, Zhou Yu set up a counter-plan, using Jiang Gan, who had gone to Eastern Wu to spy on military intelligence, to present Cao Cao with a report that Cai Mao and Zhang Yun had conspired to rebel, and Cao Cao was beheaded for a while without distinguishing between their true and false. In the historical records, cai mao and Zhang Yun do not appear to be the cause of death of Cai Mao and Zhang Yun, but it can be clear that they did not die in the Battle of Chibi. However, the character of these two people is really not good, and Cao Pi has also scolded them.
The defeat at the Battle of Chibi deprived Cao Cao of the possibility of unifying the whole country, and Sun Liu and Liu began to develop and grow rapidly, forming the prototype of the three divisions of the world and laying the foundation for the establishment of the Three Kingdoms.