There is a poem in the "Seven Laws and Long March": "The golden sands and waters beat the clouds and cliffs warmly, and the Dadu Bridge crosses the iron cables and is cold". The sands here refer to the Golden Sands River. First, let's understand the Lower Jinsha River and understand the native fish resources of the Lower Jinsha River.
Where is the Jinsha River? How big is the watershed?
Jinsha River is the source of the main stream of the Yangtze River, the mother river of our country, the Jinsha River is part of the main stream of the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River originates from the Nianqing Tanggula Mountain, after merging into the river called Tuotuo River, and then go down the name is changed to Tongtian River, that is, the river said in the Journey to the West, the Tongtian River in Qinghai Province after the confluence of Yushu County and batang River (place name is Zhi menda) called Jinsha River, from Zhimenta to Yibin, Sichuan This section of the Yangtze River is called Jinsha River. This section of the river is not accessible to large ships, and the Yangtze River shipping can only reach Yibin. The Jinsha River is narrow, the water flow is relatively rapid, and the drop is large. The unique natural environment creates a diversity of fish. The Jinsha River was called Lishui in ancient times. It flows through Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. The drop in the areas crossed by the river from upstream to downstream is very large. The famous scenic spot Lijiang Yulong Snow Mountain is located on the edge of the Jinsha River, and at the bend of this river there is a Tiger Leaping Gorge, which is the watershed of the distribution of fish in the upper and lower reaches of the Jinsha River.
Tiger Leaping Gorge
Jinsha River basin and tributaries
Jinsha River basin
There are 13 tributaries in the upper section of the Jinsha River, and 9 tributaries are more than 100 km long, namely the Songmai River, the Zhiqu, the Requ, the Zhongyan Qu, the Baqu, the Tibetan Qu, the Ouqu, the Dala River and the Zhibaluo River.
There are 19 tributaries in the middle of the Jinsha River, and 14 tributaries are more than 100 kilometers long, they are the Yalong River, the Niulan River, the Pudu River, the Longchuan River, the Shuiluo River, the Yupao River, the Heishui River, the Xixi River, the Shuoduogang River, the Meigu River, the Xiaojiang River, the Yanggong River, the Yili River and the Pulong River. At the same time, the middle section of the Jinsha River also has some famous plateau lakes, mainly Dianchi Lake, Lugu Lake, Cheng Hai, Ma Lake, QiongHai, West Lake (Qingshui Sea), Zhihai and so on. Dianchi Lake belongs to the main stream of the Pudu River and is a natural lake of the Jinsha River system.
The lower section of the Jinsha River has five tributaries, including the Songmai River, the Shuiluo River, the Pudu River, the Niulan River, and the Hengjiang River. The Yalong River is the largest tributary of the Jinsha River.
An overview of the fish resources of the Jinsha River
The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are the two rivers with the richest freshwater fish resources in China, and the Yangtze River has more freshwater fish species than the Yellow River because it is at the confluence of the north and south. The Jinsha River is also located at the confluence of the East and West of the Yangtze River, and the fish resources are the richest and most diverse in the main stream of the Yangtze River, which is known as China's freshwater fish resource bank.
Common fish are: Schizothopterus, Heavy-mouth Split-bellied Fish, Short-whiskered Split-bellied Fish, Slender-scaled Split-Bellied Fish, Songpan Naked Carp, Jinsha River Perch, Soft-spined Naked Carp, Hard-spined PinePan Naked Carp, Iwahara Carp, Short-bodied Paraquat, Si's Plateau Loach, Long-thin Loach, Southern Catfish, Broadfin Catfish, Snake Catfish, White Turtle, Round-mouthed CopperFish, Carp, Watt's Yellow Jaw, AlbacoreFish, Catfish, Snake Catfish, Snake Catfish and Chinese Barbed Catfish. Pointed red carp, Yibin carp, colored stone carp, silver floating fish, Sichuan chinese bream, high-body near red carp, Chinese carp and so on.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Why is the Jinsha River called China's freshwater fish resource bank? </h1>
1. There are as many as 90 species of carps in the Jinsha River, which are the most representative of all rivers.
China's freshwater fish is characterized by the largest number of carp species, foreign countries can not distinguish between China's four major fish, the blue carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and other carp collectively called "Chinese carp", from the perspective of foreigners called Chinese freshwater fish just from the side to prove that China's freshwater fish carp species are the most, but also the biggest feature of China's freshwater fish. The Jinsha River officially has the largest number of carp species.
2. Jinsha River is located at the intersection of east, west, south and north fish divisions, and the fish species are the most abundant.
According to the geographical location, China's freshwater fish are divided into five major sub-districts: Heilongjiang District, Northwest Plateau Area, Jianghe Plain Area, Dongyang District and Nulan District. The Jinsha River is located at the intersection of these divisions, and the Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Jinsha River is the dividing point between the Species of the Paleobei and Dongyang regions of the Yangtze River fish. The upper reaches are subarctic and temperate, and the lower reaches flow through the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which belongs to the temperate and subtropical climate. The geographical span is large, and the tributaries and plateau lakes are dense, so it has bred rich fish resources.
There are 5 major divisions of fish in China
3. Jinsha River is the river with the most complete species of carp species and the most endemic fish species
China's freshwater fish species in the carp family accounted for about half, followed by the catfish family and loach family, flatfin loach family accounted for a quarter, the other fish species add up to only a quarter, these four families of fish in addition to the Broad And Common species Jinsha River have, the carp family in the split-bellied fish subfamily, loach family, flatfin loach family is the most complete, and many are only living in the middle and upper reaches of the Jinsha River endemic species, such as split-bellied fish subfamily as many as 18 species, flatfin loach has 10 species. There are 20 species in the loach family.
4. Jinsha River is the river with the largest number of migratory and breeding species of freshwater fish in China
The more species of freshwater fish migrate and multiply, the more abundant the species of the river become. This is due to the geographical environment of the Jinsha River. The fish in the Yangtze River are divided into two types of migratory and semi-migratory, many fish need to spawn in the waters of the Jinsha River, because these fish need to reproduce and spawn the natural conditions, such as water temperature, river currents, etc., some fish do not spawn without the stimulation of rapids, some fish water temperature can not reach, spawning does not hatch. The Jinsha River has many advantages that other sections of the Yangtze River do not have, and the most fish migrate to the Jinsha River.
5. Jinsha River is the river with the largest distribution of cold-water fish species in China
There are 56 species of freshwater fish in China, mainly salmon, loach and carp. The upper reaches of the Jinsha River belong to the place where cold-water fish are concentrated, and it is also the main body of fish that constitute the plateau area. There are as many as 18 species of schizothopterus, and the genus Plateau loach in the subfamily Loach is less said to be more than 20 species. Therefore, the Jinsha River system is the river with the largest number of cold-water fish species in China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2. Data and distribution characteristics of fish resources in Jinsha River</h1>
According to 1983 data, there are 7 orders, 19 families and 89 genera of indigenous fish in jinsha river, with a total of 161 species. There are 22 species of exotic fish.
1. Statistics of fish families, genera and species in Jinsha River
Sturgeon family: 1 genus and 2 species
White sturgeon: 1 genus and 1 species
Eel family: 1 genus and 1 species
Cochineal: 1 species in 1 genus
Flatfin loach family: 10 species in 6 genera
Loach family: 20 species in 9 genera
Cyprinid family: 90 species in 54 genera
Family Chang: 13 species in 4 genera
Catfish family: 1 genus and 2 species
Blunt-headed thrush (wéi) family: 1 genus and 3 species
Bassidae :3 genera and 4 species
Zygotegillaceae: 1 genus and 1 species, only yellow eels are found in China
Bass family Yi: 1 genus and 3 species
Pond carp family: 1 species in 1 genus
Gobies: 1 genus and 5 species
Perciformes: 1 genus and 1 species
Li family: 1 genus and 1 species
Family Jiang: 1 species in 1 genus
Placenta: 1 genus and 1 species
The total number of fish species above in Jinsha River is 161 species of indigenous fish, of which the carp family is the largest, with 90 species. This is the same as the Yangtze River fish, which is also the characteristic of the distribution of fish in the Jinsha River, which is dominated by carp fish, of which the number of fish in several subfamilys under the carp family is more telling.
Jinsha River Carp Details:
There are 18 species in the [bà] subfamily. Bass [bà]: The subfamily "mackerel" is our common fish such as cockfish, red tip, and green shoot.
There are 17 species in the subfamily Jū. It is the kind of little trash fish that lives in the grass by the water's edge, with its mouth sticking out like a short pipe with a curved bow. Common species are wheat ear fish, stick flower fish, catfish, silver catfish, snout, etc., of which copper fish are the largest, and the Jinsha River is famous for copper fish and round mouth copper fish.
There are 17 species in the subfamily Schizothorax. The Jinsha River has the largest number of slit-bellied fish species among all the rivers in China, and it occupies the three elevation sections of the plateau area, upstream into the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and also flows through the second altitude area of western Sichuan, the third altitude area of Yun and Gui.
There are 11 species in the subfamily Catfish (ba). That is, our common military fish, white turtle, cuttlefish, light lip fish and other fish.
The total number of species in these subfamily is 63, accounting for more than two-thirds of the 90 species of fish in the cyprinid family. And these fish species are the special features of the Jinsha River fish species.
Other subfamilies:
Subfamily Gu :Three species of fish commonly found in the Yangtze River Basin: Yellowtail Catfish, Blue Carp and Dense Carp.
Yaro fish subfamily: such as bluefish, grass carp, eel, aleas (pronounced zōng, commonly known as blowing torch, pointed eel, horse head, duck-billed eel, trumpet fish), Wa's yaro, red-eyed trout and so on.
Subfamily Trout: There are Chinese trout (colored stone squid), high-body trout and so on.
2. Distribution characteristics of fish in Jinsha River
The main stream of the Jinsha River, Shigu, Tiger Leaping Gorge above the river and its tributaries, inhabited by split-bellied fish, loach and bass fish, there are no fierce carnivorous fish. The section below the Tiger Leaping Gorge is dominated by thermophilic flat prototype fish, such as catfish, wild carp, flatfin loach, etc., and the fierce fish have increased, which is the most obvious feature of the fish in the Jinsha River water system.
Distribution characteristics of fish in jinsha river
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3. Introduction of indigenous wild fish in jinsha river</h1>
There are many fish in the Jinsha River, not to list them one by one, some are rare fish unique to the Jinsha River system, some are economically farmed fish, some are both edible fish and can be raised as ornamental fish, listing some representative species.
1. Rare fish in Jinsha River
Yangtze River sturgeon
Also known as Dashi sturgeon, commonly known as sturgeon, sturgeon, sand wax. A type of sturgeon. One of the precious large fish endemic to our country. It is a freshwater sedentary fish, mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and is also distributed in the major tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
The Yangtze River sturgeon is also known as the Dashi sturgeon
Rouge
Commonly known as yellow row, it is one of the important economic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. From March to April every year, the cochineal fish follow the rapids of the Jinsha River, the Paper River and the Jialing River to spawn and breed, and some of the juveniles go down the river in the Yangtze River. The head of the big cochineal fish resembles a male lion, the whole body is carmine, known as the "giant panda in the water", and it is a national second-class aquatic wild protected animal.
Perch
A special fish species that is almost extinct in the Jinsha River, although this fish is a carp, it is carnivorous, its flesh texture is clear, fresh and delicate, and it is itself a taste of Chinese herbal medicine, is a veritable "treasure in the water", the price is about two or three hundred pounds.
Jinsha River naked carp
White-edged catfish
Commonly known as the water bee, the total length is 20 cm, and the outer chin whiskers are about equal to the length of the head. The pectoral and dorsal fins have 3 stingers. The anus is closer to the posterior end of the ventral fin than to the beginning of the fin. The edges of each fin are white or pale yellow. Distributed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Jinsha River system, it is a small cold-water demersal fish endemic to the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, which belongs to high-protein fish.
Yellow spicy dice
Thick-lipped naked heavy-lipped (Jinsha River leopardfish)
Jinsha River leopard fish
2. An important economic fish in the Jinsha River
Round-mouthed copper fish
Cyprinidae, subfamily Catfish, fish of the genus Copperfish. The body is elongated, the back of the head is significantly raised, and the snout is wide and rounded. The mouth is wide, lower, and curved. The lips are thick and have long free anthaloid patches at the corners of the mouth. The eyes are extremely small, and the diameter of the eyes is smaller than the nostrils. The corners of the mouth are 1 pair, thick and long, extending backwards to the base of the pectoral fin. The living body is brass-colored and the abdomen is yellowish. The dorsal and caudal fins are slightly black, and the other fins are pale fleshy red. It inhabits rapidly flowing rivers and is often active in deep pools with many rocky reefs. Omnivorous, feeding on mollusks, aquatic insects, and plant fragments. The meat is tender, fatty and fat. It is a high-class fish loved by the masses. Distributed in Jinsha River, it is one of the important economic fish of Jinsha River.
Copper fish is commonly known as pointed watertight seeds, loach, false fat tuo and so on. Round-mouth copper fish is commonly known as fat tuo, square head watermarker, round mouth and so on. The living habits of the two are very similar, both live in the river environment.
Thick-jawed bream
It is an important economic fish that can grow in reservoirs, lakes and ponds, and its tender and delicious meat is delicious and edible, and it is loved by people.
Iwahara carp
The fish of the genus Lili in the family Cyprinidae, commonly known as Mizuko, Black Carp, Rock Carp, and Ink Carp, are endemic to China. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River fishery, the economic value is higher. The yield is not high, but it has the advantages of small body cavity, tender meat, delicious taste, etc., and is loved by people as a superior economic fish.
Split-bellied fish
3. Native ornamental fish in Jinsha River
Loach long
Commonly known as tiger loach, many Sichuan and Guangxi are more familiar. It is the largest species of loach. Originally a daily delicacy for ordinary people in the southwest, it has now become a kind of precious river fresh because of the sharp decline in quantity.
Broad-bodied loach
Yibin is known locally as Xuanyu, and with the illegal sand mining and dam construction of the Jinsha River and Minjiang River, this beautiful fish is becoming less and less.
Flap knot fish
Cyprinids, Cyprinidae, Subfamily Catfish, Genus Ichthyosauridae, Subgenus of Vaccinalis. It is commonly known as hash, heavy mouth, horse mouth, and wax giant. The petaled fish is a middle and lower class fish that lives in clear flowing water, with a streamlined body, a pointed head, and a strong fin, which is one of the fish that is good at swimming.
Cuttlefish
Plough loach
Plough loach (flatfin loach family)
Kissing bass
There are many species of this native small trash fish, all of which belong to the subfamily Catfish, which is very suitable for grass tank culture. Copperfish belong to an alternative species in the subfamily Catfish.
4. What is the current status of fish resources in the Jinsha River?
There were more than 200 species of fish recorded in the Jinsha River, but now there are thirteen species left, and there are hydropower stations such as Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. Blocks the migratory passage of fish. At present, only the Chishui River has not yet been dammed, and it still maintains a natural connection with the Yangtze River. In order to actively respond to the call of the state to restore ecological diversity, the state has stipulated that June 6 of each year is the National Fish Release Day, and many volunteers participate in the breeding and stocking activities of the Jinsha River every year, and the number of indigenous fish stocks in the Jinsha River is slowly recovering.
The Jinsha River is released