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<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > Lu Guomei, lu han's only daughter, recalls her father's legendary life of ups and downs. </h1>
Luhan with his daughter and son-in-law
【He Longyun is a cousin】
When you mention "Yunnan King", the first thing that comes to mind is Long Yun. From the establishment of his rule in 1927 until it was elevated in 1945, Long Yun ruled Yunnan for 18 years. After Long Yun left Kunming, his father Lu Han became the chairman of Yunnan Province, so some people call him the fourth generation of "Yunnan King" after Cai Yi, Tang Jiyao and Long Yun, and it can also be said that he is the last generation of "Yunnan King".
However, the trajectory of his father's life is indeed inseparable from Long Yun. Both of them were of the Yi ethnic group, and Long Yun was 11 years older than his father and was his father's cousin. Shortly after the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, his father and Long Yun officially joined the Dian Army. Soon, the two entered the fourth phase of the Yunnan Daowu Hall to study. Long Yun learned the cavalry section, and his father learned the infantry section. In 1914, his father graduated from the Lecture Hall and was assigned to the Dian Army as a second lieutenant probationary platoon leader, beginning his professional military experience.
At that time, Cai Yi had died and was replaced by Tang Jiyao, who was soon expelled from Kunming by Gu Pinzhen, commander of the First Army of the Dian Army, and exiled to Hong Kong. When Tang Jiyao lost power, his father and Long Yun remained loyal to him. In March of the following year, Tang Jiyao re-established his rule over Yunnan, and Long Yun was appointed commander of the Fifth Army and an envoy to the town of Central Yunnan, stationed in Kunming, becoming the de facto second-ranking figure in the Dian Army, and his father was appointed as the commander of the Third Regiment of the Guards, and soon promoted to the commander of the Seventh Brigade.
Later, Long Yun, with the support of his father, unified Yunnan. Although his father and Long Yun are comrades-in-arms who fight side by side and fight the world together, friction and contradictions will inevitably arise between the two, which also makes their relationship complex and delicate. After Long Yun came to power, he put forward the method of "abolishing divisions and changing brigades" to reorganize the army, and used many of his own cronies, which aroused his father's opposition. On March 11, 1931, his father and three other division commanders launched a mutiny in the name of "Qing Jun's Side", and Long Yun was caught off guard and had to leave Kunming in the name of returning to Zhaotong to sweep the tomb. But after Long Yun left, his father had no idea, and a few days later, he had to invite Long Yun back to be the chairman of the province.
【DianJun Blood Terrace Erzhuang】
In the 1930s, warlords in the Central Plains were at war, while Yunnan was relatively stable. After Long Yun gained a firm foothold in Yunnan, he took advantage of this advantage to carry out a series of rectification and reforms in the military, political, economic, cultural, and educational fields, and built a "new Yunnan" so that Yunnan, which is located on the frontier, became a conspicuous province during the Republic of China period. During this period, his father not only helped Long Yun deal with some provincial financial problems, but also advised Long Yun on military and political affairs, and was Long Yun's most important assistant and de facto second leader of Yunnan.
Like the warlords of other factions such as the Gui and Sichuan factions, Long Yun has always paid attention to preserving his strength, and has not been active in stopping the Red Army in the Long March. In the course of the Red Army's Long March, the Central Red Army and the Red Second and Sixth Red Armies passed through Yunnan twice. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Long Yun to "pursue and suppress" the Red Army, but Long Yun demanded that the Dian Army pursue the Red Army more and block less, and let the Red Army get out of Yunnan as much as possible. Interestingly, when the Red Second and Sixth Red Armies passed through Yunnan, my father led the troops to follow Behind He Long's troops. After the founding of New China, He Long and his father were appointed as the director and deputy director of the State Sports Commission, and when the two met, his father joked with Mr. He: "I still chased you back then." He Long smiled and replied, "I know, I know, you can't catch up, and you can't knock it down!" Everyone laughed in silence.
In 1937, the War of Resistance Broke Out in full swing, and at the Nanjing National Defense Conference, Long Yun generously stated that "Yunnan Province will do its best to manpower and material resources at the local level" and sent 200,000 troops to participate in the War of Resistance. Soon, the Dian Army was reorganized into the 60th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with his father as its commander. On September 9, the 60th Army held an oath-taking meeting at Wujiaba Airport in the southern suburbs of Kunming and went out to fight against Japan.
Former Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission: Long Yun
Although he was born as a local warlord, for both Long Yun and his father, the national righteousness was the first priority, so the Dian army did not save its strength at all when it went out to resist Japan, and brought the best weapons. The weapons did not come from the central government in Nanjing, but were bought by Yunnan Province itself from Belgium and Germany.
The equipment and number of the 60th Army, especially the quality of the soldiers, even exceeded that of the Kuomintang troops, so when they arrived in Wuhan, Chiang Kai-shek also specially ordered this neatly groomed army to circumnavigate the city for a week to calm the people's minds. Many of the people in the Dian army were Yi compatriots, and they were particularly good at war, and they didn't even know what it meant to retreat.
When the 60th Army was transferred to the front line of Taierzhuang, the battle in Taierzhuang was extremely unfavorable, and Li Zongren and Sun Lianzhong's troops were exhausted and retreated one after another, leaving only Tang Enbo's troops near Yixian County. When the 60th Army arrived, it did not even have time to unload its machine guns from its horses and engaged in a fierce battle with the Japanese Itagaki Division.
The fiercest battle of the 60th Army's Blood Taierzhuang was the attack and defense of Yuwang Mountain. Yuwang Mountain is just a small hill only 300 meters high, but because this hill is located on the Lunan Great Plain, you can climb the hill to overlook the positions of the 60th Army, and when Tang Enbo's troops retreated, Yuwang Mountain was occupied by the Japanese army, which posed a great threat to the various units of the 60th Army. On April 23, his father ordered the recapture of YuwangShan. Under the heavy enemy artillery fire, they forcibly crossed the canal and launched a fierce attack on Yuwang Mountain, and the Japanese army frantically resisted. At this time, a strong southeast wind suddenly blew on the position, rolling smoke into the enemy position, and the Japanese army could not see the target clearly at once. Zhang Chong, commander of the 184th Division, seized this opportunity and ordered the charge horn to be sounded, and the troops attacked Yuwang Mountain with a single blow. This offensive war was designated as an excellent battle example in 1940 and compiled into the military textbooks of the Kuomintang military academies.
At 10 o'clock in the night of December 9, 1949, General Lu Han led the military and political personnel of the province to electrify the whole country in Kunming, held an uprising, and declared the peaceful liberation of Yunnan.
【Going to Vietnam to accept Japan's surrender】
In the Battle of Yuwangshan, due to the heroic resistance of the 60th Army's predecessors and successors, the Japanese army was unable to move forward and suffered heavy casualties, and the Japanese newspaper had to admit: "Since the '918' war with the Chinese army, it is rare to encounter a fierce charge of the Dian army. In this battle, the Japanese army suffered more than 7,000 casualties and was completely defeated, which not only crushed the enemy's attempt to go straight from Taierzhuang to Xuzhou, but also won valuable time for hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to quickly jump out of the enemy's encirclement.
In the 28-day and bloody battle in Taierzhuang, the 60th Army also paid great sacrifices: the whole army was 38,242 people, 13,869 were killed, 4,545 were wounded, and 430 were missing. Officers of all ranks lost 177 men, eventually less than 5 regiments.
The commander-in-chief of the Taierzhuang Campaign was Li Zongren, and the Dian army and the Gui clan had always had contradictions, so when the 60th Army was sent to carry out the most difficult task, the officers below were quite critical, and some people thought that Li Zongren was taking the opportunity to take revenge. Zhang Chong, an old subordinate of his father, recalled to us that he once said indignantly in front of his father: "If you can't do it, go, who fights with them!" The father said, "How can I go?!" This is the national war, fight Japan! ”
After the Battle of Xuzhou, the reputation of the Dian army was greatly shaken. Soon, the 60th Army was reorganized into the 30th Army, which was later expanded into the First Army, and participated in the Battle of Wuhan, the Battle of Changsha and the Battle of Ganbei. In 1940, when Japan occupied northern Vietnam and endangered the rear area of Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek appointed his father as the commander of the Southern Yunnan Combat Army and transferred back a part of the Yunnan Army to defend the Sino-Vietnamese border.
At the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, his father was promoted to commander-in-chief of the First Front, and his rank was promoted to general. The commanders-in-chief of several fronts with the same identity as him were all from Chiang Kai-shek's concubines and from the regular army of Huangpu, and his father was from the Dian Army, and he was a minority, and it was not easy to obtain that position. My father was a lucky general, who had fought for so many years, and every time he rushed ahead, for so many years, he only scratched a little skin from his fingers.
On August 15, 1945, Emperor Hirohito of Japan officially announced his unconditional surrender. On August 17, U.S. President Harry Truman appointed MacArthur, commander of the Far ASEAN Forces, as supreme commander of the Allies to accept the surrender of the Japanese army, and issued the first general order, which strictly divided the respective areas of the Allied countries.
In accordance with this order, the Kuomintang divided the Chinese theater into 15 surrendered areas, with He Yingqin as the plenipotentiary representative, of which the first receiving area, with his father Lu Han as the surrendered chief officer, went to Vietnam to accept the surrender of about 60,000 Japanese troops in the north.
As the supreme general of the First Front, going to Vietnam to accept the surrender of Japan was the highest honor of his father's military career.
【Resolute Uprising】
Just after his father led almost all the Dian army into Vietnam, Chiang Kai-shek sat in Xichang and planned the sensational "Dragon Exorcism Incident". After getting rid of Long Yun, Chiang Kai-shek also knew that he still had to rely on his father to rule Yunnan. On December 1, 1945, his father succeeded Long Yun as the chairman of the provincial government and became the new generation of "Yunnan Kings".
At that time, my father's political position was not clear. Although he was inseparable from the Kuomintang central government, he did not make up his mind to come to the side of the Communist Party. He only strives to strengthen his own strength with the consistent mentality of the local power faction.
Under the struggle of his father, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to establish the "Yunnan Security Command", so his father soon reorganized the Yunnan Provincial Security Command on the basis of the former First Front Command, which was surrendered to Vietnam, and he also served as the security commander and gained control of the local troops in the province. By the eve of the uprising in 1949, this force had reached more than 50,000 people and became the basic armed force in the uprising.
In late April 1946, the task of repatriating the Japanese army in northern Vietnam was completed, and the 60th Army and the 93rd Army of the Yunnan Army landed on American ships on Huludao and began to engage in civil war again. Chiang Kai-shek's move was also a double eagle with one stone: First, the Dian Army was able to fight a good battle, and they could be used to deal with the Chinese Communists' troops; second, the 60th Army and the 93rd Army were units personally brought out by his father.
In the northeast battlefield, the 60th Army and the 93rd Army were under the unified command of Du Yuming, commander of the Northeast Security Command, and the Central Army did not fully trust the Dian Army, and there were many doubts and suspicions between them, and contradictions were constant. The Chinese communists are also well aware of the contradiction between the Dian army and Chiang Kai-shek, so they attach great importance to the rebellion against the Dian army.
On May 29, Pan Shuoduan, commander of the 184th Division of the 60th Army, led an uprising in Haicheng, which was the first kuomintang army to revolt during the Liberation War. Chiang Kai-shek was deeply shocked, and he specially ordered his father to rush to the northeast front. In the northeast public, my father always asked the Dian army to carry forward the glorious history and undertake the mission of a soldier. In a private conversation with Zeng Zesheng, commander of the 60th Army, and Lu Junquan, commander of the 93rd Army, my father said something ambiguous: "You must stick to it and not die, you must judge flexibly according to the situation, and don't worry about Yunnan..."
Lu Junquan is also a member of the Lu family, although he is younger than his father, but in terms of generations, he is his father's uncle. When his 93rd Army was besieged in Haicheng, he refused to surrender because of his father's position, and was eventually captured as a war criminal, and after the founding of New China, he was imprisoned in Gongdelin Prison until he was pardoned in 1959, while Zeng Zesheng led more than 20,000 people of the 60th Army to declare an uprising in Changchun on October 17, 1948.
At the beginning of 1949, with the total military and political collapse of the Kuomintang, my father's attitude slowly changed. In late February, he sent Song Yijian, a democrat with ties to the CCP, to secretly contact the CCP, and his father's ties with the CCP's South China Bureau were established.
On December 9, 1949, my father officially declared an uprising. After his father announced the uprising, he also called Liu Wenhui, vice chairman of the government of Xikang Province (abolished in 1955, and the former Xikang Province was mainly under the jurisdiction of present-day Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ya'an City, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, and Changdu City in eastern Tibet) (who led the uprising on December 9, 1949 and served as vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee after liberation) to detain Chiang Kai-shek with the generals in Sichuan, but unfortunately this telegram was intercepted by Chiang Kai-shek. At 2 p.m. on December 10, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek boarded a plane at Chengdu Phoenix Mountain Airport and left the mainland forever.
【The Last Years】
His father's personality was completely different from Long Yun's. Long Yun has an extraordinarily exposed personality and strong social activity ability, so it is easier to attract attention. In contrast, my father has always been very low-key and his mouth is also very strict. He rarely commented on current affairs in front of us, nor did he ever talk about others. I think that although this is due to his own personality, it is also related to his military career throughout his life. Many of the things he experienced were life-and-death issues, so they had to be kept secret. After the founding of New China, he was even more cautious and low-key, never talking about his own affairs.
After our family moved to Beijing, every once in a while, my father would have to go to Long Yun's house to see him, and sometimes I would accompany him.
In 1957, Long Yun, then vice chairman of the National Defense Commission, questioned the Central Committee's policy of "one-sidedness" toward the Soviet Union, criticized the Soviet Union for plundering many machines in the northeast, occupying Vladivostok, and so on. On June 27, 1962, long Yun died of a myocardial infarction at the age of 75. The next day, the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee announced that long Yun's "rightist" hat had been removed, becoming the first batch of "rightists" to be rehabilitated.
Former Chairman of yunnan provincial government: Lu Han
Perhaps because his father had long since faded from politics, he was not severely affected by the subsequent "Cultural Revolution". In 1973, my father was diagnosed with lung cancer. Although my father never mentioned it, we all know that he very much wanted to see my two older brothers. Since the founding of New China in 1949, we have lost contact with our two older brothers. With the attitude of trying, the family mentioned it to the organization, and did not expect that with the help of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we would soon get in touch with our two brothers, who had been separated for 25 years. When the two brothers heard the news, they both rushed back from the United States and took turns to serve their father, so that the father who was about to die received the greatest comfort.
The last "King of Yunnan" Lu Han
On May 13, 1974, my father left this world. A generation of "Yunnan Kings" and the years he experienced have forever become a legend.
(Lu Guomei/Wen, Wenshi Expo, Wenshi, No. 10, 2016)