In the Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, this place is located in the only imperial tomb in Guangdong Province, which is the mausoleum of Zhao Fu, the emperor of the late Southern Song Dynasty, which is known as the "Tomb of the Shao Emperor of the Song Dynasty" by the locals. The mausoleum of the Song Shao Emperor is far less magnificent and domineering than the tombs of other emperors, and the entire mausoleum is almost unobstructed. Without seeing the inscriptions and the endless stream of pilgrims, it is difficult to imagine that this is a royal cemetery.
The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was in Lin'an, Zhejiang, so why did the tomb of the Song Shao Emperor appear in Guangdong, thousands of miles away, and it was still so simple? This is a history full of tragedy.
Lu Xiufu back song shao emperor thrown sea stone carvings
In 1274, Emperor Duzong of Song died, and zhao xian, who was only 4 years old, succeeded him as Emperor Gong of Song with the era name Deyou. His grandmother, Empress Dowager Xie, and his mother, Empress Quan, obeyed the government, and the traitorous minister Jia Xiangdao controlled the imperial program.
In 1276, the Three Roads Army of the Yuan Dynasty besieged Lin'an, and the Song court was in danger. In the first month, Empress Dowager Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the Right Minister and Privy Counsellor to negotiate with the Yuan army, and Wen Tianxiang rebuked the Yuan army in a dignified manner, and was detained by the Yuan army (after escaping, continuing to assist the fleeing Song Emperor). Empress Dowager Xie then sent Jia Yuqing to negotiate.
"Song Shi Wen Tianxiang Biography": Such as the military please peace, and the Great Yuan Xiang Bo Yan resisted gaoting mountain. Xiang Xiang was angry and detained, and the north reached Zhenjiang. Tianxiang died in Zhenzhou at night, and the exhibition was transferred to Gaoyou and to Wenzhou.
In February, the Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian abdicated, and the Yuan army entered Lin'an, thus ending the Zhao and Song dynasties that lasted for more than 300 years. Kublai Khan demanded that the Song dynasty monarchs quickly go to Dadu (present-day Beijing), and the Song courtiers, escorted by the Yuan army, left Lin'an and went to Dadu. Emperor Zhao Xian of Song was made the Duke of Yingguo by Kublai Khan and died in 1323 at the age of 53.
Lineage of Song Dynasty emperors and inheritance of the throne
In the first month of 1276, when the Yuan army besieged Lin'an, the two princes of Zhao Fu and Zhao Fu, sons of Emperor Duzong of Song, fled Lin'an under the escort of Zhao's relatives Yang Liangjie, Yang Zhen, Zhao and Tan. At Wuzhou (婺州, in modern Jinhua, Zhejiang), he encountered Lu Xiufu and led his men and horses to defect, and then retreated to Wenzhou with a combined army. Yuan Bing chased after him, and Lu Xiufu joined Zhang Shijie and others to escort the two princes to Fuzhou by water.
In June 1276, Emperor Gong of Song was captured by the Yuan army, and the courtiers supported Emperor Gong of Song's brother Zhao Yan to take the throne, for Emperor Duanzong of Song, with the era name Jingyan. Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, and others gathered the Song army and fought against the Yuan army in Fujian. Helplessly, the Yuan army was full of momentum, and the Song army was gradually defeated and retreated. Jiang Wanzai, Zhang Shijie, and others escorted the Duanzong brothers and retreated to Guangdong by water.
Kublai Khan's route to the army
In March 1278, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Yuan army, Song Duanzong boarded a ship and entered the sea, unfortunately encountered a typhoon and fell into the sea, Jiang Wanzai, who was more than seventy years old, jumped into the fierce wind and waves to save the drowning Song Duanzong, but Jiang Wanzai was caught in the huge waves. Song Duanzong never recovered from this illness, died more than a month later, and was buried in the Wing Fu Mausoleum (present-day Lantau Island, Hong Kong).
In May 1278, after the death of Emperor Duanzong of Song and Zhao Yan, the courtiers were frustrated and wanted to disperse. Lu Xiufu said, "Emperor Duzong still has a son, and once we leave, where will we put him?" The ancients were able to revive the country with an army and a land within a radius of ten miles, and now that we have hundreds of officials and systems, and tens of thousands of elite soldiers, if the heavens do not want to destroy the Song Dynasty, can't we rebuild the Great Song Dynasty with these?" Therefore, everyone embraced Zhao Fu, the brother of Emperor Duanzong of Song, as emperor, and changed his era name to Xiangxing, which was for Emperor Shao of Song (or Emperor Of the Late Song). Emperor Shao of Song appointed Lu Xiufu as the left chancellor and handled government affairs with Zhang Shijie.
"Song Shi Lu Xiufu Biography": Belonging to jing Ao feng, the king died in shock, and all the courtiers wanted to disperse. Xiufu said, "Emperor Duzong's son is still there, will he be left behind?" The ancients had a brigade and a mid-riser, and now a hundred officials have all the tools, tens of thousands of soldiers, if the heavens have not wanted to destroy the Song, can this not be the evil of the country? "It is to stand with all the nations to defend the king." With Hideo as the left chancellor, he co-governs with Shijie. Shi Shijie garrisoned the mountain, Xiufu raised military brigades outside, transferred workers from within, and did his best to do whatever he said.
Unfortunately, the Southern Song Dynasty's Right Minister Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan army at Wupoling (in present-day Shanwei, Guangdong), and his army collapsed. Lu Xiufu moved with Emperor Shao of Song to the area around Yashan (崖山, in present-day Jiangmen, Guangdong) and continued to negotiate with the Yuan army.
Schematic map of the location of The Cliff Mountain
In February 1279, the Yuan army gathered a large army of land and water to attack Yashan. After the cliff mountain was breached, Lu Xiufu and the Song Shao Emperor Zhao Fu prepared to board the ship and flee, but the Yuan Dynasty water division blocked the sea, and the warship could not break through. At this moment, Lu Xiufu burst into tears, he really had the intention to kill the enemy, but he was powerless to return to heaven. Lu Xiufu could not bear the reappearance of Jing Kang's shame, and bowed to Emperor Shao of Song and said, "Now that there is no way to retreat, the subjects will be martyred with death." Emperor Song Shao nodded resolutely, stood up and said: "The country is broken and the family is dead, and the decay is not willing to live", saying that he walked to the side of the ship, helplessly young and short, and could not climb the side of the ship. Liu Xiufu carried the Young Emperor on his back, took the hands of his wife and children, and jumped into the sea. When the other subjects heard the bad news, they wept bitterly, and tens of thousands of people threw themselves into the sea and martyred the country.
"Song Shi Lu Xiufu Biography": In February of the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the mountain was broken, and Xiufu went to defend Wang Zhou,......, that is, the negative king went to the sea to die, at the age of forty-four.
Regarding the aftermath of the Song Shao Emperor Zhao Fu, the Zhengshi does not record it. On the stone wall of the tomb of the present-day Song Shao Emperor, the mystery of the aftermath of the Song Shao Emperor is engraved. According to the report: "The remains floated to Chiwan, where a flock of birds covered it. The old monk of the ancient temple under the mountain inspected the seashore and suddenly saw that there were remains floating in the sea, and there were flocks of birds hiding and stealing. Trying to save it, his face is like life, his clothes are not like ordinary people, he knows that it is the emperor's skeleton, and he is buried in the sun at the foot of the mountain. ”
Stone carvings of the tomb of emperor Shao of Song
And folklore, at that time, Chiwan Beach floated a corpse dressed in yellow robes and dragon clothes, and a beam of the Tianhou Temple on the Chiwan Sea suddenly collapsed, and the temple Zhu and the squire father and elder hurriedly burned incense to ask for help, only to learn that the child corpse was the remains of the Young Emperor, and the collapsed beam was the material that the Queen of Heaven niangniang sent to the Young Emperor to make a coffin, and the local people buried Zhao Fu at the foot of Xiaonan Mountain, west of the Tianhou Temple.
Postscript: According to the stone carvings in the tomb of The Young Emperor of Song, in 1911, the descendants of the Zhao clan in Hong Kong donated funds to build the tomb of the Young Emperor of Song. In 1984, the Hong Kong Cho Clan Association and the Shekou Industrial Zone Tourism Company donated funds to rebuild the cemetery.
Perhaps it is the posterity that admires Lu Xiufu's indomitable spirit of death, or perhaps it is the sympathy of posterity for the young martyrdom of Emperor Song Shaodi, or perhaps it is the posterity that prays for the protection of the ancestors,......, the people who come to worship are endless, and the smoke is swirling.
bibliography:
History of the Song Dynasty
Inscription of the Young Emperor of Song