As a vassal state of China, Vietnam has always had its teeth crossed with the border with Guangxi, and the two sides have always had disputes over the border in history, and in the dispute between Santong and Nawo Village and The Curse River, it can be said that China as a suzerainty has suffered a great loss.
When gambling on the battle of the Curse River, Yongzheng believed:
This land of forty miles, in Yunnan is the inner land of the Yuan, in Annan is still the domain outside the Yuan, and there is no difference, so he gave him this tens of miles of land boundaries, without any damage to the national system, and even more to show the benevolence of the government!
Forty miles of land from Ma Bo Flood to the lead factory mountain and river was ceded to Vietnam.
During the Qianlong period, due to the border dispute caused by the planting of bamboo by the border people of Pingxiang prefecture and Siling Prefecture, the principle of handling this incident was: the Qing Dynasty's handling principle was: it was not allowed to invade the Yi boundary in the slightest, nor could it yield in size, which can be said to be a model for the handling of territorial disputes in the late Qing Dynasty that did not stop losing land.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > Pingxiangzhou</h1>
Pingxiang Is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Chongzuo City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, bordering Lang Shan in Vietnam and has always been known as the "Southern Gate of China".
In the eighteenth year (1385) of the Ming Dynasty, Hongwu was changed to Pingxiang Town, which belonged to Taiping Province. In the second year of Chengzu Yongle (1404), it was changed to Pingxiangtu County, which belonged to Siming Province. In the eighteenth year of Chenghua (1482), it was promoted to Pingxiang Tuzhou and directly subordinate to the Guangxi Cloth Administration Department.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, Annam was in a situation where the North Zheng And nan Nguyen faced off between the north and the south, so it abandoned the "double recognition" policy of the Ming Dynasty, recognizing both the Zheng and Nguyen regimes at the same time, and only establishing a one-yuan vassal relationship with the Li Dynasty.
After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, his policy toward Vietnam was not to interfere in the internal power struggle between Lê and Zheng, nor in the struggle between the two regimes of Zheng and Nguyễn, and at the same time ordered the relocation of passes such as LongTong Panmeng in Nanning Province, adjacent to Annam, the Xiashou Pass in Xialei Prefecture in Zhennan Province, and the Huanghuang Pass in Siling Prefecture in Taiping Province, to build a fence to prevent civil unrest in Annam and the breeding of incidents among border residents.
However, at the junction of Guangxi and Annan, the Wanshan Mountains stretch for thousands of miles, and there are small roads between the passes, and there are not so many flood soldiers guarding at all, and the border is sparsely populated, but you can cross the border with a vine at will.
In order to prevent crossing the border, the measure taken by guangxi was to plant tendon bamboo, because it was a local specialty, and it was solid and strong, and there were many thorns on the outside, and The Inspector of Guangxi, Shu Ren, ordered the provinces along the border in the winter of the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750):
At the nuisance place, it is cut all over the place, and after a few years, it is arranged into a forest, like a city barrier.
In the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), he took over as the governor of Guangxi and was planning to continue planting bamboo along the border. However, on May 26, Dingchang received reports from Zhang Shaozheng, the commander of Xiangtu Prefecture, and Li Zhang, the governor of Pingxiang Tuzhou, saying that the Pinggong Pass fence had been burned by the villagers of Annam's Tarang Prefecture, and that the newly planted bamboo had also been uprooted.
Several places, such as the Red Gate Fence, the High Boundary Site near Nanguan Pass, and the Huili Gate near Kunlong Pass, were also destroyed by the Annam border people.
Qianlong was worried that Dingchang had just arrived as the governor of Guangxi and would be unable to convince the people, so he ordered Chen Dafu, the governor of Liangguang, to go to western Guangdong to deal with it.
The governor of Guangxi also appointed Zhang Riyu of Zuojiang Province to supervise the office.
After Zhang Riyu's visit, he learned that Pingxiangzhou and Annam were bounded by mountains, and bamboo forests could not be planted except for high mountains, and a total of 40 miles of bamboo were planted. However, the mountain terrain is tortuous, so when the Chinese border people plant bamboo, they will tie the twists and turns of the mountain mouth to plant, and circle the land with oil fruits and fennel into the interior.
Fearing the loss of land and property, the Vietnamese border people pulled out the new cross-border bamboo.
The final solution is to encroach on the border areas and identify and return them to the Vietnamese and to demarcate the boundaries.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" > SilingZhou</h1>
Siling Prefecture belongs to Baiyue Prefecture in ancient times, The Han genus Jiaotong, Song Dynasty Siling Prefecture, and belongs to Yongping Village. Yuan belongs to Siming Road. Hongwu entered Siming Province in the third year (1370), Hongwu restored Siling Prefecture in the twenty-first year (1388), and Hongwu twenty-seventh year (1394) Tuguan Wei Yanshou Gongma and shiwu. In the fourth year of Xuande (1429), Wei Changlai, the protector of the Seal, came to the dynasty, paid tribute to horses, and gave banknotes. Orthodoxy, tribute is given as a system.
In the leap May of the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), the governor of Guangxi received the report that the newly planted bamboo in Kunzhi, Kangqiu, Hongmen, Huiti and other places in Pingxiang Prefecture had been plucked by the Vietnamese, and after burning the grating, he successively ordered Sun Chao of Zhizhou in Ningming Prefecture and Zhang Riyu of Zuojiang Province to go to investigate.
On July 25, Zhang Riyu led pingzhi, the prefect of Taiping Province, and Chu Wen, the new taixie garrison, to Siling Prefecture, and together with the original leader Luo Shuli and others, went to the area around Nahe Village to conduct on-the-spot investigation.
According to Luo Qingli and Huang Qingfang, when they were ordered to plant tendon bamboo, the leader Luo Father Li took the opportunity to encroach on the fields of the An Vietnamese, so he ordered Huang Qingfang to give Huang Qingfang rice every year as a reward if he encircled the land.
Therefore, Huang Qingfang and others instructed the villagers to pile up new soil outside the boundary, planted 60 bamboo sticks, and encircled 58 pieces of land such as an Vietnamese people, Demolition LanShan, and Nagang Mountain into the interior.
After being discovered by the Vietnamese, they uprooted 60 bamboos planted across the border and inserted 30 back into the original boundary, so Luo Father Li and others fabricated the Vietnamese to push the wall to report to the above.
Zhang Riyu then sent someone with a shovel to dig up the new mound of dirt, which was all solid flat ground below, and there were yellow grass roots, which were cut on the flat ground and picked up from other places, not the original boundary wall.
In the process of investigation, I happened to see 12 Vietnamese people kneeling on the grass next to me, and Zhang Riyu called over to inquire.
The Vietnamese say:
The small people are the small people of the Heavenly Dynasty, who dare to cross the land, because the small people have a total of fifty-eight pieces of land, and the people of Nahe Village planted bamboo within the boundaries of the small people's fields, and the small people originally pulled up the wrong bamboo and planted it outside the field boundary for him, only to reward the field, and the world was grateful.
Zhang Riyu then led an annan Yimin to point out the original field boundary.
Finally, in November of the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), Qianlong directly issued a decree:
Annan is known as deferential, along the border to draw boundaries, each other has been peaceful for a long time, do not plant bamboo to fix the fence, should be stopped.
By this time, the boundary dispute between Pingxiang and Siling Prefectures, which had been entangled for more than half a year, over the planting of bamboo sticks, had come to an end with the investigation of the origin of the incident, the redefinition of the boundary, the punishment of the border officials involved, and the cessation of the planting of bamboo sticks.