The magnificent complex of Zhishi renren makes Baiquan infused with a humanistic spirit that can be sung and wept between natural and beautiful landscapes and rivers.
Image source ▲ Huixian Vientiane
The beautiful scenery of Baiquan has attracted generations of people of wisdom to visit, retreat and give lectures in Baiquan. Whether they are in the song and dance of the taiping and prosperous world, or under the dark haze of the country' restless days, they can put the interests of social groups first, realize themselves in the pursuit of the greatest interests of the country, surpass themselves, and improve their personality, so as to obtain the spirit of self-discipline of eternal life and cultivate the most precious patriotic complex. Under the influence of the ideology of "reaching the best and helping the world, and the poor are left alone," they have studied hard, preached as a disciple, and contributed to the country and the people with their life's energy, showing the excellent tradition of "self-cultivation, family unity, governance, and peace in the world" that Chinese. Sun Deng, Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Xu Heng, Yao Shu, Dou Mo, Zhao Fu, Wang Pan, Bai Dong, Wang Yun, Sun Qifeng, Peng Yifan, etc. are the most moving ones.
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Sun Deng, also spelled Gonghe, was a native of the Three Kingdoms period of the State of Wei. He was extremely talented and wanted to do his best for the country, but since Cao Pi in his time, politics has become worse and worse, class contradictions have become more and more acute, and society has become darker and darker. Faced with this situation, Sun Deng, sad and indignant, vowed not to engage in politics, came to Sumen Mountain, lived in seclusion in the earthen caves, and was proud of the dense forest. On the one hand, it expresses dissatisfaction and resistance in a passive way of avoiding the world, and on the other hand, it uses this to protect itself and serve the country. Unfortunately, Sun Deng did not wait for the day when the opportunity came, and he died depressed. Although the way he adopted was negative, it reflected in him a valuable spirit of "reaching out and helping the world, and the poor are alone", and not colluding with the rulers.
Shao Yong, a native of Gongcheng, was a famous Yi scholar and theorist of the Northern Song Dynasty. He lived in the Cave of Eternal Life in the summer, lived in the Nest of Peace in winter, studied hard, studied day and night, "winter is not a furnace, summer is not a fan, the day is no longer eaten, and the night is not a pillow for several years" (see "The Genealogy of the Ancient Communist Shao"), attacking the door of easy learning and science, and finally becoming a generation of scholars. He has written works such as "Imperial Pole Classics", "Fishing Tree Questions", and "Kik Collection". He also lectured at the Taiji Academy, where he preached with Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and others to solve their problems, making the Taiji Academy famous in the Central Plains and becoming the core of the study of science in the Central Plains. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, it still occupied an important position. Shao Yong's spirit of assiduous learning and his contributions to Yi and Science have had a great impact on later generations and occupy an important position in history.
Zhou Dunyi, a native of Daozhou (present-day Dao County, Hunan), was known as Mr. Lianxi. He had a close relationship with Shao Yong and often talked together. A series of philosophical categories proposed by him, such as tai chi, theory, qi, sex, and fate, have become the basic categories jointly discussed by Song Ming Theory. He has a historical position in the history of Chinese Confucianism. His contribution to the development of Confucianism lies in the fact that he inherited the ideas of Li Ao and others in the Tang Dynasty, drew many things that Confucianism lacked from Buddhism and Taoism, and thus built his own philosophical system. He proposed the main conceptual categories of Song Ming Theory, and the work done by later theorists was only to enrich the system, to make it more rigorous and complete. Therefore, like Shao Yong, he became the founding figure of rigaku together.
Cheng Hao, known as Mr. Ming Dao; Cheng Yi, known as Mr. Yi Chuan. Ercheng's ancestors lived in Zhongshan, and later migrated from Kaifeng to Luoyang, where he was also employed by Zhou Dunyi. He often traveled to Sumen, had certain academic contacts with Shao Yong, and lectured at Taiji Academy. Cheng Hao was once the crown prince Zhongyun, and could directly advise the emperor to impeach the non-judges. Cheng Yi spent most of his time in academia, and legend has it that Cheng Village in the western part of Huixian City is where he taught. Ercheng's main contributions were academically, and their views were similar, and later generations collected their remarks into the Ercheng Quanshu. Their philosophical ideas were later developed by Zhu Xi's inheritance, and then became "Cheng Zhu Lixue" and leapt to become the orthodox philosophy that has ruled the ideological circles for hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing dynasties. And this has a certain connection with Baiquan.
Xu Heng, a native of Huaiqing Hanoi (present-day Qinyang), was born in the last years of the Jin Dynasty. At that time, when the soldiers were in chaos, he once took refuge in Lu Zhilai Mountain (southeast of present-day Tai'an County, Shandong), and began to talk about Wang Bi's annotation of Zhou Yi. After the Mongols destroyed the Jin Dynasty, Henan was settled for a while, so he went to Weidi to receive apprentices to give lectures. At the age of 29, he was selected as a Confucian in the examination. Later, Xu Heng met Yao Shu in Sumen, and he learned from Cheng Zhu's writings and studied them with great concentration. He also took Sumen as his home, and studied the history of the scriptures with Yao Shu and Dou Mo. In 1254, Kublai Khan recruited the scriptures to govern the country, and Xu Heng was appointed to the posts of Jingzhao Tixue, Zhongshu Provincial Council, Jixiandian University Scholar and Guozi Sacrifice. The Yuan and Qing dynasties once elevated him to the title of "Great Confucian" and "Sage" of "Zhu Zi Orthodoxy".
Yao Shu (姚書), a native of Liucheng (present-day Chaoyang County, Liaoning), was a Scholar of Hanlin in the Yuan Dynasty. In middle age, due to the combination of evil and corrupt officials, he resolutely abandoned his official position and moved from Liucheng to Yunmen in Huizhou (present-day Beiyunmen, Hui county, Henan) with his family, to study and understand. Self-published books such as "Analects" and "Mencius" benefited the beginners of the Four Directions. Later, he and Xu Heng, Zhao Fu, Dou Mo and other famous Confucians jointly taught at the Taiji Academy, and even became a unique system. Yao Shu died at the age of 78 and was buried on the southeast side of Baiquan. In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1310), he posthumously awarded the title of Taishi Kaifu Yi and the Duke of Lu of the Third Division.
Among the scholars who gathered in Baiquan at the same time as Yao Shu were Dou Mo, Zhao Fu, Wang Pan, Bai Dong, and Wang Yun. Dou Mo was a native of Feixiang (fat township, hebei). Since childhood, he had the ambition to study, and lectured with Yao Shu and Xu Heng in Sumen, and later he was also a bachelor of Hanlin waiter, and a scholar of Zhaowenguan University. Zhao Fu was a native of De'an (present-day Anlu, Hubei). The Yuan army went down to De'an, Tucheng, and Zhao Fu wanted to throw water and die, so he rescued Yao Shu, persuaded him from many sides, came to Sumen from the north, preached at Taiji Academy, and was called Mr. Jiang Han. Wang Pan (王磐), a native of Yongnian (present-day Yongnian, Hebei). He often lectured in Sumen, and there were many disciples. Yuan Shizu was hired as a Hanlin Zhi Bachelor, changed to Shandong Xuanfu Division, and was made a Taichang Shaoqing, and Shi Zhi Was a Bachelor. Bai Dong, a native of Taiyuan, Shanxi. He was first trained by Xu Heng, and then followed Xu Heng out of the mountains and taught from Taiyuan. Later, he served as the editor of the National History Academy, and the shaanxi Hanzhong preconditions were punished by the inspectors and other positions. He was later buried in The Sumen of Hui. Wang Yun (王恽), a native of Ji (汲; present-day Weihui, Henan). Learned from Wang Pan in Sumen. During the years of the Central Unification Dynasty, the official to the Han Dynasty Doctor Hanlin Bachelor Undertook the Will, and the Zhizhi System and the Same Cultivation of the History of the State.
Sun Qifeng in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was directly subordinate to the people of Rongcheng (present-day Hebei). He grew up from a family school. Later, due to the chaos of the government, his mentor Zuo Guangdou was killed, so he moved south in anger, and his family came to Gongcheng, where he worked in Xiafeng Village and taught at Baiquan Academy. Devoted to discipleship and preaching and solving puzzles, for 25 years. Eleven times in his life, he was conscripted into the army, and was known as the "Conscript". He died at the age of 92. He was not only one of the three great Confucians in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, but also cultivated many talents. Later generations called him "to keep right and evil, to see righteousness and courage, not to seek glory and profit, and to preach as a disciple."
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Peng Yifan, a native of Li County, Hebei Province. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs at the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was deeply distressed by the ming dynasty's demise and foreign invasions, and angrily left his home to move south, advocating anti-Qing restoration everywhere. But it was unsuccessful. So he made up his mind to die rather than eat the grain of the Qing Dynasty, and sat down next to the Sun DengXiaotai on Mount Sumen to starve to death. Sun Qifeng lamented his ambition and called him a "hungry man". Feng Yuxiang felt his spirit, personally wrote the words "national spirit", and carved a huge stone standing in front of his tomb to show praise.
For thousands of years, the noble character, sense of distress, national integrity, and spirit of assiduous study in the history of Baiquan have formed a national sentiment, centripetal force, and cohesion in the long river of history, and have become the "national soul" of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation has been united for thousands of years, and no matter how the political situation splits during this period, it will eventually rely on this virtue and spirit to re-enter the stable end of the great unification. It can be seen from this that the generations of benevolent people who have been active in Baiquan, their footprints, ideological character, spirit of governance and extraordinary integrity, are really a magnificent complex of patriotism and self-improvement.
Source: "The History of Gongcheng" by Zhang Youxin
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