Stone can not be said, leisurely and lovely, China's stone appreciation culture has a long history, broad and profound, many literati and inkers have left stories and legends related to "stone". Tao Yuanming drunkenly woke up Shi Shixing Dafa, Bai Juyi loved Shi Shi Ten Virtues for thousands of years, Su Dongpo appreciated the stone and left an immortal chapter, and Mi Fu Wasaishi worshiped Shi into a "rice epilepsy". Not long ago, Shanghai's first Yunjian Stone Appreciation Bonsai Cultural Expo was held in Yunjian Granary, with the theme of "Cloud Roots Falling in the Clouds", creating a grand gathering of stone lovers from all over the country.
The relevant person in charge of the Shanghai Ornamental Stone Association said that Songjiang is the root of Shanghai, and it is also the origin of Shanghai's ancient stone appreciation culture and Haipai stone appreciation, and the holding of the expo is also a special fate. So, what is the origin of Songjiang and stone appreciation culture? What story allusions are left behind?
Songjiang has produced many celebrities, and documents and objects related to stone appreciation cultural activities since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties have also emerged in an endless stream. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Zheng Dynasty, the historian and literary scholar Tao Zongyi went to Sijing to live in seclusion and built the "Nancun Caotang" in the south of Surabaya, and his "Nancun Shu Cultivation Record" left many precious historical materials about the culture of stone appreciation, such as the "Baojin Zhaiyan Mountain Map" for the first time depicted the Lingbi Stone Yanshan Mountain that the Southern Tang Dynasty Li Hou Lord later returned to the collection of Mi Fu, which became an important image evidence in the history of stone appreciation culture. Tao Zongyi also recorded the notes and novels of his predecessors as "Saying Theory" (100 volumes), of which the "Yuyang Gongshi Genealogy" is listed, which is also the earliest source of the so-called "Xiangshi Method" of the four characters of Mi Fu.
The most representative figure of Songjiang's stone appreciation culture is Lin Youlin, who compiled the "Suyuan Stone Genealogy" is the earliest and largest pictorial stone genealogy that has survived so far. The book consists of four volumes, including the records of Yashi in the pre-Ming books, the author on the one hand to retain the original picture of the style, a detailed record of the origin of Yashi, naming, modeling and the praise of the literati inkers, on the other hand to record the previous people's play with stone state of mind, preferences, etc., whether it is content or scale, in the Strange Stone monograph is quite representative.
In the midst of the green bamboo bushes in Drunken White Pond Park, there is a lingxiao "lianshi", which seems to have been reading with the sound of wind and rain from ancient times to the present, and sounded like an alarm bell in Songjiang. The owner of this stone is the Ming Dynasty calligrapher Zhang Bi. Zhang Bi was a jinshi in the second year of Chenghua (1466), and successively served as the chief of the military department, with outstanding political achievements, serving the integrity of the officials and benefiting the people. When he returned home on the grounds of old age and illness, he only brought luggage, books, and a stone strip. This stone strip was found in the stream when he led the people to build the road. The stone strip is slender, and it seems to have the ambition of rushing through the clouds, so it is called "Lingxiao Stone". A good official returned to his hometown with a clean and honest attitude, inspired by the stone, and Ling Xiaoshi soon spread as a good story near and far, known as "lianshi". Lian Shi is Zhang Bi's heirloom, and his descendants donated this stone to Zuibaichi Park.
Songjiang customs are simple and thick, especially close to the stone of life, "Suyuan Stone Spectrum" contains "stone women", Guiyang has a Virgin's Gorge, according to legend, Qin Shinu's female gorge suddenly encountered wind and rain, a woman turned into a stone, hence the name. Qian Fu, a Songjiang native, wrote a poem entitled "Stone Girl" with the inscription Yongyun: "The pavilion does not speak to the riverside, and the homeless stone is a sword." The sideburns of the clouds do not comb a thousand buns, and the moth's eyebrows are often locked in the spring of ten thousand years. The frost is lead powder spread by the wind, and the kasumi is made of rouge. There was no treasure mirror in front of Mo Dao's eyes, and a round of bright moon illuminated Madame. "The Song of Tomorrow", which we are all familiar with, "Tomorrow after tomorrow, tomorrow is so much." I was born to wait for tomorrow, and everything will be successful", the author is Qian Fu.
During the Ming Dynasty, sun Kehong, a painter who was good at painting stones, appeared, and his beloved stone "Beauty Peak" still exists in the Square Pagoda Garden, the Capital Museum and other paintings. Sun Kehong was a Ming Dynasty calligrapher and painter, bibliophile, official to the prefect of Hanyang, gong poetry, calligraphy, painting figures, landscapes, flowers and birds and so on.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Songjiang also produced a famous stone master, who was Zhang Nanyuan. As a gardening master in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zhang Nanyuan was particularly good at stacking stone art, and he created a different gardening and stacking technique than before, leading to a new aesthetic standard of stacked stone, and many famous gardens in Jiangnan were from his hands. The history books record that the Jichang Garden in Wuxi, the South Garden in Taicang, the East Garden in Suzhou, and the Yu Garden in Shanghai are all his works. Legend has it that there are also many gardens in Songjiang that were written by Zhang Nanyuan, including the Summer Palace on Xiunan Street. His sons Zhang Ran and Zhang Xiong, who refined the art of stacking stones and gardening, inherited his father's business, known as "Mountain Stone Zhang", and the world industry has not declined for more than a hundred years.
■ Wen Niu Lichao ■ Network diagram
■ Column Editor Feng Qi
■ Column Editor-in-Chief Dai Qiying