The Ruiling Underground Palace was carved into a mountain rock and conformed to the burial customs formed since the Sushen era. According to the number of the excavation unit, the Ruiling Underground Palace is located about 15 meters in front of the great treasure roof rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, with an east-west length of 13 meters and a north-south width of 9. 5 meters. Inside the pit there are hidden white jade carved dragons and carved phoenix sarcophagus. In front of the underground palace, before 1986, it was the base site of the main hall of the eight-pillar foundation, and there are still pillar foundations and pressed columns on the ground. According to the "Golden History. Taizu Benji "In the third year of Zhenyuan, in November, he changed to Tibet Dafangshan... "The History of Jin. The Hailing Benji records: "In November of the third year of zhenyuan (1155), Yi Di was ordered to use the Yunfeng Temple of Dafangshan as a mausoleum to build a palace. May...... Fengqian Taizu and Taizong Zi Palace. Bing Yin, such as Dafang Mountain, Ying Shan Mausoleum. "This account is consistent with the scene.
The shape of the underground palace is a stone vertical cave tomb, the plane is rectangular, and the four walls are made of rock caves. The mouth is large and the bottom is small. The east wall is slightly inclined inward, and the other three walls are slightly gentle to the outside, and the pit mouth is 13 meters long from east to west, 9-9.5 meters wide from north to south, and 3.6-5.2 meters deep. The bottom of the pit is relatively flat, the north of the pit mouth is high, the south is low, and the difference between north and south is 1.3 meters. The bottom of the burial chamber is rammed with plain loess, and the rammed earth is 2.5 meters thick. The rammed earth is paved with staggered giant stones, about 4 floors to the tomb entrance, sharing more than 200 stones, and between each layer of stones is also compacted with plain loess.
There are 4 sarcophagi buried in the underground palace, two of which are bluestone rafters, placed in a north-south direction on the west side of the underground palace. The other two are white jade carved dragons and phoenix-patterned stone rafters, placed in an east-west direction in the middle of the bottom.
The white jade carved phoenix stone rafter is rectangular in plan, 2.48 meters long, 1.2 meters wide and 1.52 meters high. The lid is top-of-the-line, with grooves chiseled inside, steep and straight outer walls, and rectangular top planes. The outer wall is carved with a tangled honeysuckle pattern, the top four corners are engraved with cirrus clouds, the middle is engraved with double phoenix patterns, and then gold leaf is pasted, but most of them are mottled and peeled off. It is 2.16 meters long and 0.92 meters wide. The body is carved from a whole piece of Han white jade, 2.48 meters long, 1.2 wide, 1.06 high, and 0.07-0.08 meters thick. The four frames of the outer wall of the stone rafter are circled with tangled branches honeysuckle patterns, the east and west sides of the baffle are carved with phoenix patterns and cirrus patterns in the middle, and the middle of the north and south walls is carved with double phoenix patterns and cirrus clouds. The outer wall is surrounded by a rosin turn. The inner walls of the rafters are all painted with mud, the front and back baffles are phoenix patterns, the north and south walls are double phoenix patterns, and some of the ornaments can still see the traces of gold thread.
A wooden coffin is placed inside the stone rafter, which is basically intact. The coffin is rectangular in plane, and the lid of the coffin is left inside the coffin, which is 2.1 meters long, 0.75 to 0.78 meters wide and 0.68 meters high. The outer wall of the wooden coffin is painted with red lacquer, decorated with silver pieces and gold engraved with phoenix patterns and flowing clouds. Skulls and scattered limb bones were unearthed in the coffin, except for the skull, which is more completely preserved at the eastern end, and the other limb bones are more scattered. At present, the skull has been sent to the Frontier Archaeology Institute of Jilin University for DNA testing.
One of the coffins was excavated with a crown of flower beads and jade ornaments.
Han white jade carved dragon stone rafter, that is, the body of the complete Yan A bone, but unfortunately only the bottom remains, according to the "Excavation Report", the stone rafter is 3.12 long and 1.35 meters wide. The lid is a top-of-the-line type, two-thirds of the residue, and the lid is 1.55 long and 1.55 wide. 1, thickness of 0.6 meters. The top is carved with a dragon pattern, and the four slopes are carved with a tangled honeysuckle pattern. The rafters are rectangular, with only the east wall remaining, and the other three walls being smashed. The east wall baffle is 1.22 meters high, 1.52 to 1.54 wide and 0.22 meters thick. The front is engraved with dragons and flowing clouds. The inner wall has ink lines of vermilion painted, but it is blurred. The wooden coffin inside the rafters has been destroyed, leaving only traces, 2.1 meters long and 1 meter wide. The vermilion gold thread at the bottom of the rafters depicts the double dragon play beads that have been blurred.
These two carved dragons and phoenix stone rafters are the first time in China and are special burial tools for the royal family.
The "golden silk phoenix crown" mentioned in the excavation report is woven with gold wire, with begonia flowers on the top and a network of woven around it. Diameter 14 cm, height 10 cm. This thing is the flower bead crown used in the imperial palaces of the north and south of China at that time.
Strictly speaking, the "golden silk phoenix crown" is only a part of the queen's crown ornament, specifically, it should be used as the skeleton part of the entire queen's crown ornament to support the stereotype, or can be called a hat woven with gold wire, and some literature calls it "gold wire knot net" and "gold wire knot cage", which is sewn in the silk fabric to form a crown. Obviously, this is only one part of the queen's crown and other parts may have been looted and lost, and the "phoenix-patterned jade ornament" should be an important accessory on the queen's crown, originally attached to the crown, but later dispersed by the queen due to the decay of most of the parts in the queen's crown. The "Wind Bird Pattern Jade Ornament" uses a carving technique, which is very similar to a kind of "practicing magpie" ornament popular in the Song and Jin dynasties from the styling point of view.
It is recorded in the "History of Jin" that the hat used by the queen was called the "flower crown". "Jin Shi Zhi 24 YuFu Zhong" records:
"Queen's crown dress. Flower crown, with Sheng Zi one, green luo table, green silk olive gold red roto wrapped, with nine dragons, four phoenixes, in front of the big dragon spike ball, before and after the flower plant ten have two, and, peacock, cloud crane, queen mother immortal team, floating insertion, etc., after the Nayan, there are golden cicadas and gold two bo sideburns. The above is also made of pucui drop powder wisps of gold pearls, with a gold circle mouth on the bottom, a shippo tin on the top, a gold tin two in the back, and a red Luo pu gold mantle with one".
The regulation of this flower crown comes from the Song Dynasty, "Song Shi Zhi 14 · Youfu III", "The crown of flowers, both shi two Bo sideburns, Bao Dian ornament." Zhai Yi Qing Luo embroidered as Zhai, second to the clothes and clothes. The first product, nine flowers, Baodian quasi-flower number, Zhai Nine, etc.; the second product, eight flowers, Zhai eight, etc., the third product, huachao seven plants, Zhai seven, etc.; the fourth product, huachao six plants, Zhai six, etc.; the fifth product, flower noodles five plants, Zhai five and so on. It can be seen that the flower crown, or written "flower crown", can be taken by the queen, concubine, princess, and lady, but the details of the crown are different from the ornaments. For example, the number of flowers on the crown is stipulated to be nine, eight, seven, six, five, etc., to show identity.
The jade ornaments worn on the crown of flower beads are called "Na Yan".
The Song Shi Youfu Zhi IV says, "Imperial Dress: One Day into the Xianguan ... The upper strands of paper are forehead flowers, gold, silver and copper ornaments, and then there is Na Yan. It seems that this kind of acceptance is not only adorned on the crown of the concubines, but also on the "E crown" of the princes and officials.
Regarding the shape and texture of the "Nayan", it is probably different and evolved from dynasty to dynasty, and there are many strict regulations. The Song Shi Youfu Zhi records that when Song Renzong "made a crown and reduced the treasure", "Na Yan was originally made of jade, and now he draws dragon scale brocade with Qingluo." "According to the white jade carved magpie pattern Nayan object excavated from the Yan A bone tomb, with reference to some previous excavations, it is estimated that in the texture, it may include jade, gold, silver, rhinoceros, silk and other species; in terms of shape, it is probably divided into several kinds of bird ornaments such as magpie, swan, crane, and Haidongqing. About practicing magpies may be a term for white magpies by the ancients. Practice, plain white silk. Magpie, bird class, crow species, is a widely distributed bird in China, with its shape as a Nayan, may be a sign of peace and auspiciousness.
In May 1988, the archaeological department excavated the tomb of King Yan Yan of the Jin Dynasty in Chengzi Village, Juyuan Township, the hometown of Jinshang Jinghuining Province, Heilongjiang Province, and unearthed a number of precious cultural relics, especially many well-preserved Costumes of the Jin Dynasty. Among them is a crown of flowers embellished with "Na Yan". When this crown was unearthed, it was worn on the head of the princess of the female tomb lord Qi Wang, King Guanyan Yan, with a height of fourteen centimeters and a crown rim of seventeen or five centimeters, with a golden silk Shengzi, a green luo as a table, a golden red luotuo wrapped, and flower beads. After that, there are double magpie pattern carved white jade "Na Yan". Nayan is six wide. Five or four centimeters, five centimeters high. Seven centimeters, half a centimeter thick. Unearthed fashionable crown crown in the middle.
In 1984, a Jin Dynasty aristocratic cemetery was discovered in the Xiangfang District of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, and Nayan Pei ornaments were also unearthed. This saying is a white jade carved swan lotus. The skull of the tomb owner was located at the time of excavation. In April 1988, a rural woman in Daling Township, Acheng City, Heilongjiang Province, found a white jade pendant while working in farmland next to a jin dynasty aristocratic mausoleum (according to on-site observations, the mausoleum was flattened by early burials, most likely the tombs of early Jin dynasty emperors). This piece of ornament is carved through the magpie branch, the beak, tail and wings are broken, but the shape is similar to the magpie jade nayan unearthed in Fangshan Jinling this time.
In addition, in December 1974, a group of Jin Dynasty sarcophagi were found in Changgouyu, Fangshan District, Beijing, and eleven pieces of jade were unearthed, including a transparent carved double crane jade ornament, which was six centimeters long and five centimeters wide, which was exquisite and abnormal. This jade ornament may have been the object of the concubine buried with the tomb owner (tentatively presumed to be King Weishao of Jin), but this jade artifact can still be named "Na Yan", which is also an ornament attached to the crown of the flower plant.