In 481 BC, a major event occurred in the State of Qi, when the great master Chen Heng (also known as "Chengzi", also known as Chen Chengzi) launched a coup d'état, killed the Duke of Qijian and proclaimed duke Qi Jian's younger brother as the monarch, that is, the Duke of Qiping. After that, he monopolized the power of the State of Qi, and Chen Heng's fief was even larger than that of the Qi PingGong.
The matter of Chen Hengjun had a great impact on the society at that time. Around this incident, many earth-shattering things happened before and after.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >0 1 Chen Heng excludes dissidents, and some people give up their lives and some people protect themselves</h1>
After Chen Heng killed Duke Qi Jian, he began to form gangs and factions to expand his own power, and those who swore an oath to him could save the lives of the whole family, and those who did not want to join him in the same stream were all killed, and the bao and Yan clans, which were the more powerful clans in the Duke of Qi, were all killed.
Dafu Shi and others were unwilling to swear an oath to Chen Hengmeng, and others believed that as a human subject, he should serve the king and let himself give up serving the king and serve the people, which was against the etiquette of being a subject, and he could never do it.
Shi also realized that if he did not cooperate with Chen Heng, his parents would be killed. Born in a troubled world, unable to do what is right, held hostage by violence, unable to act according to morality. Instead of vowing to chen Hengmeng to save his parents from being killed, it was better to commit suicide himself, with the courtesy of the whole king. As a result, Shi Others committed suicide.
Chen Heng wanted to make a big master Zi Yuanqi obey, and found 6 warriors to coerce him. Zi Yuanqi was not afraid at all, he said, "Don't you think I have wisdom if you want to ally with me?" But if a human subject kills the monarch, how can this be considered wise? Is it because I have benevolence that I come to me? If you betray the monarch if you are good for yourself, how can you say that such a person can be considered a person with benevolence? Do you think I'm brave? What courage is it to coerce me by force, and I am afraid of death and have befriended you? If I don't have any of these three virtues, what good is it for you? If I have these three virtues, how can I join you in your rebellion? So they let Zi Yuanqi go.
Political struggles are cruel, born in a world without a path, it is not easy to do the right way, and upright people often encounter various tests. For the coercion of the chaotic thief Chen Heng, Shi Yuanqi and Zi Yuanqi behaved completely differently, Shi Others sacrificed their lives for righteousness, while Zi Yuanqi saved his life.
Shi Bei would rather not bend and sacrifice his spirit is commendable, but his approach is not as wise as Zi Yuanqi's. Zi Yuanqi saved his life, but he did not cooperate with Chen Heng. Confucius said, "If you use it, you can do it, and if you don't use it, you can hide it", "If there is a way in the world, you will see it, and if there is no way, you must hide it", and you must learn to live in the world in moderation, not to fight with the dark forces, but to talk about skill. When Shi Yuanqi died, he would never have the opportunity to serve the country again, and Zi Yuanqi still had a chance to make a comeback.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >0 2 Confucius's request to the State of Lu was unsuccessful</h1>
Chen Heng killed the monarch of the State of Qi, which was a kind of rebellious usurpation, and according to the requirements of the etiquette system at that time, the rebellious courtiers and thieves who killed the emperor's father should be condemned by everyone in the world. Confucius regarded etiquette as more important than life, and when he heard about it, he was extremely indignant about this kind of misconduct.
At this time, Confucius was 71 years old, and he had been idle at home for a long time, so he still went to see the Duke of Lu ai after bathing and fasting, and asked him to send an army to fight against Chen Heng in order to uphold justice. At that time, the political and economic power of the Luguo Gongfu was divided up by the Three Huans, all the power was in the hands of the Three Huans, and the three doctors were produced, and the Duke of Lu Ai was also nominal, and he knew that he could not be the master, so he let him go to these doctors. Confucius said helplessly, because I used to be a doctor, I did not dare not report this matter. But the monarch said to me to report to the three men.
Confucius saw the stills of the Duke of Lu'ai
Confucius reluctantly went to Jisun, Shusun, and Mengsun to report and asked them to send troops to attack Chen Heng, but they refused. He had no choice but to say again, I have also been a doctor, I can't help but report it! Confucius was helpless and embarrassed, so he had to comfort himself and say that he was dedicated to this matter.
Confucius's request to attack Chen Heng was not only to safeguard the righteousness of the monarch, but he also had a deep intention: to remind Lu Aigong that if he did not take measures against the Three Huans, limit their power, and let their power develop, one day there would be things like Chen Heng's and the following; he wanted to deliberately remind the Three Huans through this matter that as a human subject, they should observe the courtesy of the courtiers, and if they did not restrain and do improper things, the people of the whole world would come to fight them. However, Confucius's intentions were not understood and did not play any role.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >0 3 Zigong's excellent diplomacy deflected Chen Heng's threat to the State of Lu</h1>
Chen Heng's above crimes were not a whim, but had been planned for a long time and had been prepared for a long time. Before he committed the rebellion, he was jealous of the power of the four major families of the Gao, Guo, Bao, and Yan clans, so he tried to intimidate the other Dafu families of the State of Qi by attacking the State of Lu.
Confucius said to his disciples: "The country of Lu is the place where our ancestors' graves are located, and it is also our motherland, and the country is in difficulty, so why don't you take action?" Zi Lu, Zi Zhang, and Zi Shi requested an envoy to the State of Qi, confucius stopped them, and Zi Gong asked to go, and Confucius allowed it.
After seeing Chen Heng, he pointed out bluntly that if he wanted to control the government of the State of Qi, it would be meaningless to attack the weak State of Lu, and if he wanted to truly achieve the goal of controlling the State of Qi, he should fight the powerful State of Wu. Chen Heng was furious and said, "What is this saying instead of attacking the easy ones but attacking the difficult ones?"
Zigong said that the crusade against the State of Wu could not be won, the soldiers were killed in foreign battles, the ministers were empty inside, Chen Heng did not have the ministers as political enemies in the upper part, and there was no opposition from the soldiers and the people in the lower parts, and he could control the isolated monarch.
Zigong said that he had moved Chen Heng and asked him not to go to war against the State of Lu, and he sent an envoy to the State of Wu to persuade the King of Wu to rescue the State of Lu and attack the State of Qi, finding a breakthrough for the State of Qi to start a war with the State of Wu.
Zigong came to the State of Yue again, and with the elimination of the State of Wu as bait, suggested that the State of Yue unite with the State of Jin, taking advantage of the opportunity of the State of Wu to save Lu and attack Wu from the north to the south. After convincing the King of Yue, he went to the State of Jin and told the State of Wu that he was going to attack the State of Qi, and after defeating the State of Qi, attack the State of Jin, so that the King of the State of Jin would be prepared.
After Zigong returned to the State of Lu, the State of Wu did engage the State of Qi and defeat the Qi Division, and then directly attacked the Jin, resulting in a major defeat of the Wu army. When King Gou of Yue heard the news, he led his troops across the river to attack the State of Wu, and King Wu quickly led his army back to China to engage the State of Yue, resulting in repeated defeats. Three years later, Vietnam was hegemonic.
Zigong's series of diplomacy, in the past ten years, have brought about corresponding changes in the situation in various countries, preserving the State of Lu, disturbing the State of Qi, destroying the State of Wu, making the State of Jin strong and making the State of Yue hegemonic. Zigong's diplomatic activity fully demonstrated his invincible diplomatic ability.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
Chen Heng's ancestor Chen Guanyuan was originally a prince of the State of Chen, and due to the civil unrest in the State of Chen, he fled to the State of Qi, and changed his surname to Tian after arriving in the State of Qi. Chen Heng, also known as Tian Heng and Tian Chengzi, was the 8th leader of the Tian family. From him onwards, the Tian clan held the government of the State of Qi until Chen Heng's fourth grandson Tian He deposed the Duke of Qi Kang and established himself as a monarch, and Tian Chen usurped Qi to complete.
Chen Hengjun was a major event in the Spring and Autumn Period, and from the time he prepared for the momentum to his implementation, after several years of preparation, the impact was also enormous, causing changes in the power of many princely states.
From the case of Chen Hengjun, we can not only see that the political struggle is a struggle between you and me, but also that during the Spring and Autumn Period, the ceremonies collapsed and collapsed, people no longer talked about rules, there was no fairness, there was no right and wrong, and if the victory was the king's defeat, it was the Kou. Whoever is tough and has the upper hand is the winner; whoever is weak and cannot fight is the loser.
From this, it is also clear why Confucius wanted to restore the Zhou rites, if everyone obeyed the rules, the social order would interact benignly, there would be no mutual attack, and the world would be peaceful. At the same time, it also explains why Confucius's ideas have not been adopted by any princely congress, the jungle rules are prevalent, everyone does not abide by the rules, and whoever talks about the rules suffers losses.
The monarchs of the princely states also knew that Confucius's proposition was very good, and it was a good recipe for reaching the great han of the world, but in the time of the princes, according to his way, there was only a share of beatings. If you don't fight others, others may come to beat you, you don't want to be eaten by other countries, you can only take up the weapons of war, that is, not to fight other countries, at least to protect yourself first. The result of the fight is that the world is more chaotic. From the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons to the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and then to the unification of the world by Qin Shi Huang, the situation of chaos was over.
#翘楚读书会 #
(Picture from the Internet, infringement immediately deleted)
I read the Analects of the Constitution:
[sic] Chen Chengzi (Chen Heng) killed the Duke of Jian, Confucius bathed and went to the court, and told the Duke of Sorrow: "Chen Heng killed qijun, please ask for it." "Tell the husband the third son." Confucius said, "After I became a doctor, I did not dare not tell him, and the King knew that he was the one who 'told the third son of his husband'!" "The third son said, no. Confucius said, "After I became a doctor, I didn't dare not tell him." ”
Chen Chengzi killed Duke Jian of Qi. Confucius went to see Duke Lu after bathing at home and told him, "Chen Heng killed his monarch, please send an army against him." The Duke of Sorrow said, "You should report to Ji Sun, Zhongsun, and Meng Sun!" Confucius said, "Because I used to be a doctor, I don't dare not report it." But the monarch said to me, 'Go and report to the three men.' Confucius went to Jisun, Shusun, and Mengsun to report, and they did not agree to the crusade. Confucius said, "Because I used to be a doctor, I don't dare not report it." ”
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