The | of golden begonia (yellow begonia) is as light as red bean row ice and snow, and the new goose color is even more peculiar
Text: Mr. Hanaki
"Yellow Begonia"
[Kim] Cai Songnian
Qing Yin does not sigh late to find fangs, and the sleeves are long.
Calyx green river flowers with leaves, drunken red Shu Yan hates fragranceless.
The smell of Nanzhou has been in March, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty has a total of one wind and current.
The old eyes are cold and easy to despair, gentle begging and drunkenness.
This poem "Yellow Begonia" was created by the famous poet Cai Songnian of the early Jin Dynasty, Cai Songnian (1107~1159) character Bojian, the old man Xiao Xian, a native of Zhending, Jizhou (present-day Zhengding, Hebei). In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, he followed his father to guard Yanshan, and after the defeat of the Song army, he surrendered gold with his father, and during the Tianhui period, he was appointed as a judge of ZhendingFu. When Emperor Yan attacked Song and engaged Yue Fei, he served as the sixth officer of the general army. He was posthumously honored as the Duke of Wu and posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Wu and The Duke of Wei.
Although Cai Songnian had a prosperous life as an official, due to the surrender of the Jin Dynasty, his heart was often in a state of contradiction, so in his later years he issued a message that "to live in the world is safe, no disaster is no blessing; but he regards the high cover of the car, and the favor of the gods has been humiliated." " sigh. The style of his works is refreshing and beautiful, and the lyrics are particularly prestigious, and Yuan Haoqing evaluates: "In the past hundred years, Lefu Tui Bojian and Wu Yangao, the number Wu Cai Ti. "There is a collection of essays "Ming Xiu Collection" passed down.
In his later years, the poet was regarded as a model by Jin Guo, giving the high-ranking official Houlu, but he did not have much real power, and his life was idle, so there were many poems depicting idyllic scenery, and this "Yellow Begonia" was one of them, and there was also a poem of the same name:
It is as light as red bean row ice and snow, and the new goose color is even more peculiar.
I don't feel that the thick yin breaks the jade, and there is a sentient who disengages the disguise.
Begonia is a traditional famous flower in China, the most well-known is the rosaceae "begonia four products": Xifu begonia, weeping begonia, sticky begonia and papaya begonia, etc., but because it is a collective name and common name of a variety of family plants, it is quite complex. And most of the begonia flowers are pink, pink, red and purple, while yellow begonias are rarely seen.
In fact, there are many yellow begonias, but they are not roses, but flowers of other families, mostly known as the Garcinia garciniae (Guttiferae) and hypericum Linn.). These plants because the petals are mostly five petals, the flower color is golden, graceful and luxurious, so it is borrowed from the begonia name, commonly known as the yellow begonia, and because the flower bud is very large, it is also called the golden begonia.
So, which kind of plant and flower is referred to in Cai Songnian's two poems lamenting yellow begonias? In fact, because the ancients did not attach much importance to plant classification, the yellow begonias that Cai Songnian lamented, although they are the same Garcinia cambogia and hypericum plants, are two types of plants, why is this? Let's take a brief look at it.
There are about 400 species of hypericum in the world, and there are about 55 species of 8 subspecies in China, which are produced throughout the country. There are many groups in the subclass Hypericum, two of which are the Sect. Ascyreia) and the Yellow Begonia Group (Sect. Roscyna), these two groups are distributed in most parts of China, the biggest difference is that the hypericum group is mostly a shrub or small tree, while the yellow begonia group is a perennial herb. Let's take its representative species Hypericum and Yellow Begonia as examples for a brief analysis.
Hypericum monogynum Linn
Hypericum, also known as golden begonia, dog beard flower, golden thread butterfly, passing yellow, golden lotus, etc., semi-evergreen small tree or shrub, 0.5-1.3 meters high, clumpy or usually sparse open branches; red stem, young with 2 (4) longitudinal ridges and flattened sides, soon cylindrical; cortex orange-brown. The leaves are paraphyletic, sessile or short-stalked, inverted lanceolate or oval to oblong.
The inflorescence has 1-15 (-30) flowers, which grow from the 1st segment of the stem, loosely near-umbel-shaped, and sometimes from the stem end 1-3 segments; the flowers are 3-6.5 cm in diameter, star-shaped; the buds are ovoid- and beady, with a nearly sharp tip to blunt at the apex. The petals are golden yellow to lemon yellow, without red halo, open, triangular inverted ovate. 5 bunches of stamens, each with 25-35 stamens, anthers yellow to dark orange. The capsules are broadly ovoid or sparsely ovoid conical to nearly spherical, and the seeds are dark reddish-brown and cylindrical. The flowering period is from May to August, and the fruit period is from August to September.
2. Hypericum ascyron Linn
Yellow begonia is also called golden begonia, golden silk butterfly, cow cabbage, mountain pepper, large-leaf hypericum, rescue cow grass, eight treasure tea, water yellow flower, large golden finch, large leaf cow cabbage, Lu'an tea, descending dragon grass, forsythia, frangipani, moongrass, forbidden palace flower, red dry lotus, Hunan forsythia, etc., perennial herbs, 0.5-1.3 meters high. The stems are erect or rise at the base, with single or several stems growing in clusters, unbranched or branched in the upper part. Leaves are sessile, lanceolate, oblong lanceolate, or oblong-ovate to oval, or narrowly oblong.
The inflorescence has 1–35 flowers, apical, near-umbel to narrow cone, the latter including most branches. Flower diameter (2.5-) 3-8 cm, flattened or outwardly reversed; buds are ovoid, round or blunt at the apex; petals are golden yellow, inverted lanceolate, very curved, with glandular or non-glandular spots, and are preserved. There are a large number of stamens, 5 bunches, each with about 30 stamens, anthers golden yellow, with pine glandular spots. The capsule is broad or narrowly ovoid or ovoid-like triangle, tan, 5 lobes at the apex after ripening, and the stigma is often folded. The seeds are brown or yellowish brown and cylindrical. The flowering period is from July to August, and the fruit period is from August to September.
3. There is a simple difference between hypericum and yellow begonia
Similarities: Both plants belong to the Garcinia cambogia family Hypericum genus, the flower color is golden yellow, the flowering period is similar; the distribution is roughly the same, the country except for a few regions are distributed; the names are relatively complex, both are called yellow begonia or golden begonia.
(Yellow Begonia)
(Hypericum)
Differences: the two belong to different groups, hypericum is a shrub, yellow begonia is an herbaceous plant; hypericum of hypericum is golden yellow, the flower bud of yellow begonia has red and purple glandular spots, so it is also called red dry lotus; the fruit of hypericum is reddish brown, very conspicuous, the fruit of hypericum is tan, relatively dull; hypericum has no obvious aroma, and the yellow begonia has a quiet floral fragrance between the branches and leaves during the flowering period.
4. Poetry analysis
In Cai Songnian's first "Yellow Begonia", there are "Calyx Green River Flowers With Leaves, Drunken Red Shu Yan Hates Fragranceless", which means that the ribbon leaves of Yellow Begonia are very beautiful and have a clear fragrance, so it is more in line with the description of the herbaceous Yellow Begonia. In the second poem, there is "as light as red beans row ice and snow, a whisk of new goose color is more strange", indicating that the yellow flower color of the goose, the other fruit is like a red bean, and the fruit of the yellow begonia is smaller and tan, which does not quite fit the color shape of the red bean, but just fits the color and shape of the fruit of the hypericum, so the author believes that these two poems are two flowers.
So, why does Cai Songnian call both flowers Yellow Begonia? This is because the ancients were relatively casual in botanical classification, and there were more phenomena of "same name heterogeneous" and "same-name heterogeneous". And hypericum and yellow begonia belong to the same family, their own morphological characteristics are very similar, and the flower color and fruit are not easy to distinguish, so it is easy to confuse. However, from the perspective of modern botanical classification, the two are still quite different.
Of course, this is only the author's own speculation, not necessarily accurate, if there are different opinions welcome advice. However, whether it is hypericum or yellow begonia, it is a very beautiful ornamental flower, its plant type is beautiful, the leaves are verdant, the flower color is golden, the grace is luxurious, the fall is generous, the flowers are clustered, very conspicuous, and the yellow begonia also has a silky fragrance, which has a high ornamental value, which is why in the Song Dynasty there were poets who praised it.
2020-12-13 Easy to flower wood
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