This article was first published by the editors of "Appreciation of Famous Artists"
Zhang Xiong Flower and bird works
Zhang Xiong loves to collect Jinshi calligraphy and paintings, and has collected more than 10,000 antique treasures in his lifetime, famous as Yilin, known as the "Crown of Shanghai Yugong". Zhang Xiong is the best at painting flowers, like the crown of Zhou, and the ancient charm is like Wang Wu. In particular, he is good at painting large peonies, and the giant mantle of Ping Shan is more and more powerful in order to find the ruler. His paintings of flowers and birds, grass insects, vegetables and fruits, figures, landscapes are very powerful, fine seal carving, painting pays attention to sketching, and is also good at eight books. Flower and bird painting was also first taught by Zong Yun Nantian, and later became a family of its own, full of the atmosphere of the times, and highly praised by society.
Zhang Xiong (1803~1886), zi shou fu, trumpet zixiang, also known as the history of the yuanhu lake, Guo Rongguang's "Yilin Mourning Friends" recorded that "the family lineage Wujiang, naturalized Xiushui." Ju Mao Jia Fang, known as Zhi De Tang. In the small room on the right side of the hall, there is a silver vine flower in the courtyard, because of the name silver vine flower hall." Gong painting, happy to fill in words, familiar with musical rhythms. After the Taiping Rebellion, he moved to Shanghai to sell paintings for a living, and was one of the first painters to live in Shanghai. Famous for its flower and bird paintings on the sea, its paintings have changed the traditional literati painting style, and they are the pioneers of the maritime painting school. The "Hai school" is relative to the "Beijing school" in Beijing, and was born in the social and historical changes of China from the middle of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century.
Zhang Xiong's paintings are colorful and vulgar, and the works are elegant and popular, which has led a group of painters to be active in the painting world, then known as the Yuanhu School, which was a more popular painting style in Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou at that time. From its many students, the disciples have their own set of methods from shallow to deep, and their apprentices' drawings of more than 200 pages were printed by the Zhonghua Book Company during the Republic of China period, and are now reprinted in the world. Qing Tongzhizhong (1862-1874), a court painter, Pan Zuyin recommended Zhang Xiong, resigned, and died with a painting. Died at the age of eighty-four. Wife Zhong Huizhu, character heart ru, Jiaxing people. Painting plum bamboo and colored flowers, Juan Xiu is beautiful. Xianfeng Ninth Year (1859) made "Flower Map", which is known in the world and has no legend. Together with Ren Xiong and Zhu Xiong, they are called "Shanghai Three Bears".
Zhang Xiong, bei signed the history of the Outer History of The Mandarin Lake, the West Wing, and the beard joined the army. Qingxiu water is born. He lived in Pingwang Town, Wujiang, moved to the county town of Maojiafang, and later moved to Hoejiatan. Painter Shi Xigu Canal, learning to convey the gods. Unhappy. Taught sketching from Xia Zhiding, studied in three years, and traveled to the world. There are many scholars. Zhaowen Jiang Xiazhu called it "as indulgent as Zhou Fuqing, and as ancient as Wang Forgetful'an." "Bright colors, more and more powerful, quaint and vulgar, not far from the rules." On the occasion of the same light, it is the public crown of Shanghai Yu. There is a silver vine flower hall, the location is elegant, and the wall is free of dust. Happy filler words, good at small orders, flute lane evening wind building for the song place. Conjunctive rhythm, eight points of seal journal, is the rest of the thread.
He said that most of Zhang Xiong's painting origins came from the "Wumen School of Painting", and the teenager learned painting from Huzhou Shiqu (West Valley) and Suzhou Xia Zhiding (茝谷) and obtained the method of sketching flowers and birds; later taking the method of Zhou Zhimian (Fu Qing) and Wang Wu (forgetting the temple) before the law, and indulging in the fun of ancient charm; in his later years, he absorbed Chen Chun's (Daofu) method of splashing ink and yun Shouping (Nantian's boneless method).
Zhang Xiong constantly learns and explores painting, taking the strengths of various families and becoming a style of his own. Fang Guoquan said that Zhang Xiong was "exquisite in painting, such as flowers, feathers, grass worms, landscapes, and figures, especially large peonies, in order to find the strength of the person who is counting." At the same time, he sprinkled clean calligraphy and inscription poems, enriching the meaning and connotation of painting, and the three arts of poetry, book and painting were beautiful and became an important feature of his painting. ”
If only the painting is good, Zhang Xiong can not become the pioneer of the Hai school, Zhang Xiong's contribution lies in the breakthrough in ideology, breaking through the limitations of orthodox painting in the late Qing Dynasty, daring to enter the customs from elegance, both pursuing the artistic standard of painting and considering the needs of the market, so that the niche literati paintings that were originally shelved on the shelf will move towards commercialization, secularization, and popularization, so as to achieve the realm of common appreciation of elegance and customs.
Zhang Xiong is longer than poetry, and from the inscriptions of his paintings, we can see the interest of his works in elegant and popular appreciation.
Zhang Xiong is known as the pioneer of the Hai Sect, but also because he rewarded the post-study, widely collected disciples, and succeeded him. Zhu Xiong, Wang Li, ren Bonian and others all received help and support from Zhang Xiong. Zhang Xiong is more than thirty years older than Wu Changshuo, and he has formed a friendship with him, singing and singing poetry
Zhang Xiong is not only exquisite in painting skills, but also good at teaching his disciples, and there are "Zhang Zixiang's Apprentice Painting Drafts" passed down. He had many disciples, the most famous of whom were Chao Xun and Zhou Yong. Based on the original version collected by Zhang Xiong's family, Chao Xun republished the "Mustard Garden Painting Biography"; Zhou Yong also came to the "Mustard Garden Painting Biography" and painted more than 400 drafts. This played an important role in the preservation and dissemination of the "Mustard Garden Painting Biography". To this day, "The Legend of Mustard Garden Painting" is still an important teaching material for beginner painters.
Zhang Xiong also led a group of Jiaxing painters such as Zhu Xiong, Pu Hua, Yang Borun, Wu Tao, Pan Zhenyong and Jin Rongjing to write on the sea, becoming an important force in the early stage of the Hai School.
This article was edited by Minnong Painting Garden
This article was first published by the editor of the public account "Minnong Painting Garden"
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