In the east of Zhejiang, deep in the hidden green mountains, there is a big shining river flowing. This is not a waterway in the general sense, but a poetic road book connected by many Tang poems.
In the early 1990s, the Zhejiang eastern scholar Zhu Yuebing discovered this hidden poetic path from the poems of more than 2,200 authors of quan tang poetry. There are more than 400 talented poets of the Tang Dynasty who have followed the flowing water and sung songs. Here, they look up at heaven and earth and chant mountains and rivers.
In the Tang Dynasty, for poets, eastern Zhejiang can be regarded as one of the "scenery that must be visited in a lifetime". If you have not been to eastern Zhejiang, your career as a poet will inevitably be missing something.
This route is known as the Zhejiang Eastern Tang Poetry Road, a landscape corridor in China with a very high amount of "Tang" poetry.
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Before the Tang poems, the great discovery of eastern Zhejiang
Image source: China National Geographic Zhejiang Album
The eastern Zhejiang area in the Tang poem refers to the area east of the Puyang River basin and north of the Cangshan Mountains to the East China Sea, with a total area of more than 20,000 square kilometers. A large river flowing from south to north runs through it. This river is called the Cao'e River. The Cao'e River flows through this section of Shengzhou, and there is a beautiful name called Jiaoxi.
This gentle land once witnessed the Neolithic Hemudu people cutting down trees, interspersed with mortise and tenons, creating dry and diaphragm buildings, and sheltering the weak bodies of the ancestors. He has also witnessed the Spring and Autumn hegemony of "Wu Yue vying for hegemony" and "lying down and tasting courage", Zheng zheng jinge, whose voice is not far away, telling the wild hope of power.
Cao'e Jiang
When history comes to the chapter of the two Jin Dynasties: the Central Plains are chaotic, and the clothes are crossed to the south. The warriors from the north took a fancy to this land of Mingxiu in the south of the Jiangnan. After escaping the devastation of the turmoil in the north several times, the land of fish and rice where the water network intertwined provided a rich and stable life for the people who crossed the south. The Shaoxing Plain area in the lower reaches of the Cao'e River became an economic and cultural center.
The creek was to Huiji (Shaoxing), just as the later Zhongnan Mountain was to Chang'an. In the face of the chaotic world, it is inevitable to find a place to live nearby. This long corridor of landscapes, one step ahead, has become the most gentle hometown in the spiritual world of the literati.
The Holy House of The Book
At this end of the Tang Poetry Road, Wang Xizhi and his friends, after practicing zen, bent the water flowing, slightly drunk and wrote down the "first line of the book under the heavens".
At the other end, Xie Lingyun, the originator of the shanshui poets, returned home from Yongjia and went down the river to build a house on the east bank of the river. He likes to climb mountains, wander among the hills and springs, and chant mountains and rivers.
"Borer throwing in the middle, MingDen Tianmu Cen, high into the clouds, but also expected to be safe." Pen and ink on paper, he used poetry to draw the first sample for The Creek and Tianmu Mountain.
It is not an exaggeration to say that it is the true cradle of landscape poetry in China and even in the world.
The discovery of Zhejiang Dongda opened by Yongjia Nandu raised this originally low-key landscape to the height of spiritual coordinates.
The literati initiated this collection of landscapes and rivers in eastern Zhejiang from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, pushed the cup to change the cup, drank to the Tang Dynasty, and drank it freely.
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Cao'e River, romantic Tang poetry waterway
The "Road of Tang Poetry" in eastern Zhejiang. The route starts from Xilingdu on the banks of the Qiantang River, along the Zhejiang East Canal to Shaoxing, along the Cao'e River, The Creek to Xinchang, Tianmu Mountain and Tiantai Mountain; its branches extend east through Siming Mountain to Ningbo and even to the sea, southwest to Zhuji and Jinhua, and take over the scenic spots in eastern Zhejiang.
Poets of the Tang Dynasty came, and they passed by the river where the prince's boat was traveling at night when he visited Dai Shi. The spirit of the Jin people still drifts between the mountains and rivers. On this cultural pilgrimage, they continue to exude poetry and reveal their articles.
This is also a mountain road in the geographical sense.
In Tang poems, the word "crossing the river" appears frequently. "Bian Zhou East Road is far away, and the moon is under the river (fen)" ("Yuejiang Autumn Dawn"), which is what the Tang Dynasty Xiao Yingshi Xiaoyue saw going up the river; "Entering the flowers and waves, the lights leave rain night boats" ("Yuejiang Fisherman"), is the poet Ren Tuan's admiration for the fishermen on the riverbank.
Source: Tiantai Mountain Tourism
The Cao'e River referred to in the poem is the core waterway of the Tang Poetry Road and one of the eight major water systems in Zhejiang Province today. It is located in the southeast hills and is crisscrossed by water networks. The convenient transportation between boats and boats is a water conservancy element that cannot be ignored in the rise of the Tang Poetry Road.
The Zhejiang East Canal, which was excavated during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, played a great role. Although it is unknown for most of the time, it was the "main road" that ran through the Ningshao Plain in Eastern Zhejiang.
Ancient fiber road on the Zhejiang East Canal
The Sui Emperor ordered the dredging of the Jiangnan River, the Zhejiang East Grand Canal and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal connected and connected, and by this golden waterway and the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Huai River, the Yangtze River, the Qiantang River five major water systems connected, to the north of the vast area; the eastern end through the east of Zhejiang through the north and south of the river, the formation of a waterway in all directions, tracing the Cao'e River and the XiXi, can reach Tiantai and Wenzhou.
剡溪 Picture source @ Shilu place name
In the Tang Dynasty, the Cao'e River was already an important transportation hub. Mr. Zhu Yuebing, a scholar from Zhejiang, pointed out in his research papers:
The terrain of eastern Zhejiang is like an upside-down freehand "claw" character, and the bottom (that is, the south side) is a cangshan mountain and a large pan mountain, and the top is three skims from west to east, followed by Huiji Mountain, Siming Mountain, and Tiantai Mountain. The basin near the confluence of the three mountains is where the "Rakshi Creek" flows.
Under the creation and arrangement of many natural watersheds, the water systems on one side of the basin are centripetal and converge into the XiXi River; the water system on the other side of the watershed diverges outwards and flows outwards, connecting with the western section of the Zhejiang East Canal, the Yongjiang River, the Fenghua River, the Shifeng Creek, the Yong'an Creek, the Haoxi, the Dongyang River, the Puyang River and other water flows.
Because of this special geographical pattern, if you want to travel to the three famous mountains of Huiji, Siming and Tiantai, no matter where you come from or where you go, Xixi is a waterway distribution center and an important stop that cannot be bypassed. ”
A river connects the mountains and rivers at the intersection of the rich Northern Zhejiang Plain in the north and the three mountains in the south (Huiji Mountain, Siming Mountain, and Tiantai Mountain), with thousands of rocks competing for shows and thousands of valleys competing for the current; it also made 1/5 of the Tang Dynasty poets come in groups and use their genius to rediscover this world, which only accounts for 1/750 of the country's area.
Jian Hu Mirror Cai Min /Photo
The poet who went south along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal enjoyed the scenery of JianHu Lake, which "went up the mountain vagina, like swimming in the mirror", and then carried by the Cao'e River to the depths of the landscape.
"Xie Gong's place is still here today, and the water is rippling and the ape is crying." Shi Xian Li Bai also came to chase the stars and punch the clock. He was a famous mountain and river ranger in his lifetime, and he has entered Vietnam four times.
He came here by boat along this hot waterway, pedaled Xie Gong's shoes, and climbed Tianmu Mountain along the ancient post road built by Xie Lingyun.
Xie Lingyun invented the hiking boots, the general appearance of Xie Gong's shoes
"This trip is not for the perch bass, self-love famous mountain into the middle." ("Jingmen under autumn"), "If you teach the moon to go by boat, He Jiao winds to the river" ("East Lumen Pan Boat Ii"), "Duogu Xinfeng, full of boats". (Li Bai's "Recounting the Old Gifts to Jiangyang Zailu Tune") and other famous sentences have come from everywhere in this mountain.
Du Fu, who traveled to eastern Zhejiang for more than four years when he was young, still remembered this trip in his later years, leaving behind the feeling that "the creek is beautiful and different, and it cannot be forgotten when you want to".
On this road, there were not only local poets of the Tang Dynasty such as He Zhizhang, Jiaoran, Han Shanzi, Luo Yin, and Fang Gan, but also poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi, Meng Haoran, Han Yu, and Liu Yuxi who came to visit and live here.
The outer landscape and the inner landscape meet here and complement each other perfectly.
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A secluded paradise, a spiritual healing place for poets
The poems on the road of Tang poetry are not only the expression of landscape feelings, but also the spiritual construction of the heart. Zen heart, fairy wind, poetry, none of them can be less.
If we have also been like the ancients, along the Tang Poetry Road all the way to the south. You will find that this peach blossom garden has not only mountains and rivers, but also a more vast spiritual world.
There are many famous mountain monks in the world. There are too many famous mountains in the depths of eastern Zhejiang, and probably no high monk and cyclamen are willing to miss here.
Along the Tang Poetry Road, monasteries are dotted. Needless to say, the Tiantai Mountain Guoqing Temple, Yuezhou Huiji, Yunmen, Longgong Temple, Wozhou, Tianmu, Siming, Xinchang Great Buddha Temple, etc., are all good places for famous monks to hang tin.
For example, the famous eastern Jin Dynasty monk Zhi Daolin (支道林, also known as Lin Gong) represented by the Middle Buddhist school, including Zhu Fa Shen, Du Chao, Yu Fa Kai, Yu Fa Wei, Dao Yi, Zhu Fa Yun, Huan Xuan, Yu Dao Jie, etc., are all active here. Teachers and disciples teach each other, the Wheel of Fa is often turned, and the salary is passed on to the fire.
In the area around Xinchangwo Prefecture, Prajnaparamita rose and became the center of Buddhism throughout the country during the Jin Dynasty. On Tiantai Mountain, the Tendai Sect was born. The earliest founding sect of Han Buddhism is shrouded in a cloud of green clouds.
The Echizen rooftop, bordered by the sea to the east, is very suitable for preaching outwards. By the Tang Dynasty, it had become an important area of Taoism in Jiangnan. According to the Taoist book, successive Daoist monks have traveled all over qingshan to find suitable places for the construction of dojos, and three of the top ten caves in the country account for Taizhou.
Source: Poetry and Painting Zhejiang Cultural Tourism Information
In the era when Buddhism and Taoism were prevalent, the literati moke were mostly believers. The wonderland of the earth is gathered, it is a paradise for hermits, and it also contains frustrated and lonely souls.
The Tang Dynasty poet Song Zhiqing traced the legacy of the Duke of Zhizhong and expressed his chest directly: "I would like to be close to Daolin and care about the escape." Meng Haoran entered the Tiantai Mountain and asked the immortals, "I have traveled far away and learned from him." Looking at the three mountains at sunset, the clouds and waves are vast. ”
They talked to the mountains and forests and asked the immortals.
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end
Tang poems are written about romantic mountains and rivers, and they are also the same sorrow for thousands of years.
As cultural scholars have said, the spiritual core of the Tang poetry road is rich. It is the birthplace of Chinese landscape poetry and landscape painting, the center of the sinification of Buddhism, the center of Taoism, the holy place of Chinese calligraphy art and the gathering place of scholar culture.
Tuyuan public number: Shilu place name
On the road of life in this mountain and river, some people are young and strong, some people are old and return to their hometowns, some are out of the world, some are demeaning, there are also immortals, there are hermits, in and out, singing and endless.
Pitching I, poetry immortal.
Resources:
"The Road of Tang Poetry and the Religion of Buddhism" Hu Zhengwu
"Analysis of the Geographical Imagery of "Jiaoxi" in Tang Poetry- Taking "Quan Tang Poems" as the Text" Yang Yuting
"The Humanistic and Natural Landscape of the Road of Tang Poetry" Hu Zhengwu
"The Geographical Spatial Evolution of Water Culture on the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang" Xiang Min
"Poetry and Its Mountains and Rivers- The Growth of the Beauty of medieval landscapes" Xiao Chi
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Written by | Worm King
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