Emperor was the title of supreme ruler of China during the imperial period. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors of the Ancients, such as Emperor Fuxi, Emperor Nüwa, Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, Yandi Shennong, etc., were not real emperors, but only tribal leaders or tribal alliance leaders, and their "Emperor" or "Emperor" numbers were added by posterity. The xia monarch was called "Hou", the Shang monarch was called "Emperor", and zhou Tianzi was called "Wang". Most of the warring princes arrogantly claimed the title of king, and respected Zhou Tianzi as the "Heavenly King". King Yingzheng of Qin unified China, considering himself "The Three Emperors of Virtue and the Five Emperors of Gonggai", and created the word "Emperor" as the official title of the supreme ruler of China. Therefore, Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of China, calling himself the "First Emperor". Since then, "emperor" has replaced "emperor" and "king" and become the title of the supreme ruler of China's feudal society for more than two thousand years.
Then let's start with the Qin Dynasty.
Qin Shi Huang (259 BC – 210 BC), courtesy name Zhao, was a chinese politician. Son of King Xiang of Qinzhuang.
Born in Handan, the capital of the Zhao Kingdom, he succeeded to the throne at the age of thirteen, became emperor at the age of thirty-nine, and reigned for thirty-seven years. A famous politician, strategist, and reformer in Chinese history, he was the first iron-fisted politician to complete the reunification of China. The establishment of the first multi-ethnic centralized state, once adopted the title of "emperor" of the three emperors and the "emperor" of the five emperors to form the title of "emperor", and was the first feudal dynasty monarch in ancient and modern China and abroad to be called emperor.
Qin Shi Huang created the emperor system in the central government, implemented the three dukes and nine secretaries, and managed the major affairs of the state. At the local level, the sub-feudal system was abolished, and the county system was replaced by a county system, and at the same time, the book was written in the same text, the car was on the same track, and the weights and measures were unified. Attacking the Xiongnu in the north, marching on Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall, building spiritual canals, and communicating water systems. It also pushed China into the era of great unification and opened up a new situation for the establishment of an authoritarian centralized system. Having a profound impact on The history of China and the world, laying the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years, he was praised by the Ming Dynasty thinker Li Yan as "an emperor in ancient times".
Qin Shi Huang
Qin Jun
Unify coins
Unified text
One sentence to sum up Qin Shi Huang:
Everything under the heavens is decaying.
He was ordained by heaven and lived forever.
Qin II (Hu Hai)
Hu Hai (230 BC – 207 BC), courtesy name Zhao (劉氏) (一說嬴姓秦氏) or Zhao surname Qin (赵姓秦氏), courtesy name Hu Hai, was the eighteenth son of Qin Shi Huang and the younger brother of Gongzi Fusu, the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty, also known as Emperor II, reigned from 210 BC to 207 BC.
Hu Haishao ordered Zhao Gao to study prison law from the Central Coach Government. Qin Shi Huang traveled to the south to die of illness on the platform of the Dune Palace, and with the help of Zhao Gao and Li Si, he killed more than twenty brothers and sisters and forced Fu Su to die, thus becoming the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty. After Qin II ascended the throne, Zhao Gao took real power and practiced brutal rule, which finally provoked the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang and the restoration movement of the old nobles of the Six Kingdoms. In 207 BC, Hu Hai was forced to commit suicide at Wangyi Palace by Zhao Gao's confidant Yan Le at the age of twenty-four.
Construction of Afang Palace
He continued to requisition a large number of peasants throughout the country to build the Afang Palace and the Lishan Cemetery, dispatched 50,000 soldiers and soldiers to the capital Xianyang to guard, and at the same time let all localities supply grain and grass to Xianyang, and forbade the people transporting grain and grass to eat grain within three hundred miles around Xianyang on the road, and they had to bring their own grain. In addition to years of unpaid labor, the peasants' tax burden also increased, which eventually led to the outbreak of Chen Sheng's Wuguang uprising.
Chen Sheng wu guang revolted
The Dazexiang Uprising dealt a heavy blow to the Qin Dynasty regime, unveiled the prelude to the Great Peasant Revolt at the end of Qin, and was the first large-scale civilian uprising in Chinese history. In the autumn of the first year of Qin II, the Qin court requisitioned the Poor People tun Shu Yuyang, Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, and more than 900 other pawns were requisitioned to Yuyang Shubian, on the way in Daze Township, Pu County, blocked by heavy rain, could not reach the destination as scheduled, according to the laws of the Qin Dynasty, expired to be beheaded. In a hurry, Chen Sheng wu guang led the pawns, killed the generals who escorted the pawns, and launched a mutiny, with the slogan "The prince will be the prime minister, Ning has a kind of hu". The rebel army elected Chen Sheng as a general, Wu Guang as a lieutenant, Lianke Daze Township and Pu County, and established the Zhang Chu regime in Chen County, and all localities responded. The Dazexiang rebellion was defeated because of Chen Sheng's pride after gaining power, and the Qin general Zhang Handan led the Qin army to suppress it.
But the second Hu Hai did not believe it at all, and only liked to hear the good words of the world's peace. During a discussion on whether to send troops to quell the uprising, Hu Hai actually disagreed with the matter of "rebellion", and of course there was no need to send troops. Shusun Tong understood Hu Hai and said, "What they said about rebellion in the world is not correct at all, the former emperor has already demolished the city walls, forged the weapons of the world, there are your lords sitting in the hall, there are strict laws and regulations in the world, the country is stable, the people are rich, who will rebel?" Now Chen Sheng and these people are just a few thieves, and the magistrate is actively pursuing them, so please rest assured that Your Majesty is at ease. "
Hu Hai listened, was full of joy, and praised his uncle Sun Tong for saying well, and then he asked the others, some of whom said that Chen Sheng was a "thief" and some of whom said that he was a "rebel." Those who say "thieves" are fine, and those who say "rebel" are punished, because saying "rebellion" is tantamount to saying that the world is in chaos. The crime of punishment is the crime of "not saying what should not be said", that is, saying what should not be said, this crime is a typical feudal absolutist criminal law, although the Qin Dynasty later perished, but many later dynasties continued to use this crime to maintain the absolute monarchy.
One sentence to sum up Hu Hai:
Cure you of a "unspeakable" sin.
Qin III (Infant)
Zi Bao (?-206 BC), also known as Qin III, courtesy name Zi Bao or Baby, was the last ruler of the Qin Dynasty, reigning for 46 days. Initially known as emperor, later renamed king of Qin, historically known as Prince Infant of Qin.
In September of the third year of Qin II (207 BC), Zhao Gao, the chancellor, forced Qin II to be killed, went to the Qin Emperor, and established his son as the King of Qin. Five days later, Zi Bao killed Zhao Gao. In October, Liu Bang led an army into the pass, and the infant who reigned for only forty-six days surrendered to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty collapsed.
More than a month later, Xiang Yu led his army into Xianyang, slaughtered the city and set fire to it, killing the babies.
Baby
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > kill Zhao Gao</h1>
After fasting for five days, Zi Bao and his two sons and the eunuch Han Tan discussed: "Zhao Gao, the chancellor, killed Qin II at Wangyi Palace, and fearing that the courtiers would kill him, he pretended to declare Zheng Zhengyi and made me king. I heard that Zhao Gao actually agreed with the Chu state to destroy the qin dynasty's clan and become king in Guanzhong. Now let me fast to see the Zongmiao Temple, this is to kill me at the Zongmiao Temple. If I pretended to be sick and didn't go, Zhao Gao would definitely come personally to invite him, and Zhao Gao would kill him after he came. Therefore, the child and the baby pretended to be ill and ignored the government. Zhao Gao sent people to invite the baby several times, but the baby did not go, and Zhao Gao personally went to the palace where the baby was located, saying, "Why didn't the king go to the Temple of the Emperor?" Taking advantage of this opportunity, Han Tan stabbed Zhao Gao to death and exterminated the three tribes of Zhao Gao and showed the public in Xianyang City.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > surrendered and was killed</h1>
In October of the first year of the reign of Prince Infant of Qin (207 BC), Liu Bang led a large army to attack Wuguan (武關, southeast of present-day Danfeng, Shaanxi), Yaoguan (southeast of present-day Lantian County, Shaanxi), Xianyang (northeast of present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi), and Tunbing Bashang (present-day eastern Xi'an, Shaanxi), and sent people to persuade zi and baby to surrender. At this time, the hundred officials also betrayed the Qin Dynasty and surrendered to Liu Bang. Seeing that the general situation was gone, the child and his wife and sons tied themselves with ropes, sat in a car driven by a white horse, dressed in the white costume worn by the deceased's funeral, and carried the emperor's royal jade seal, soldier symbols and other items, from Xuandao himself to Liu Bangjun to surrender, and the Qin Dynasty fell. The baby reigned for only forty-six days.
After Zi Bao surrendered, Fan Duo proposed to kill Zi Bao, but Liu Bang did not agree, but instead handed him over to the custody of the officials accompanying him. More than a month later, after Xiang Yu led a large army into Xianyang, he immediately killed his children and babies, set fire to the Qin palace, and carried out a massacre, and the accumulation of the Qin Dynasty was completed.
One sentence to summarize the baby of the third son of Qin:
Am I not human?