This is the 55th lesson of this set of "Shuowen Jiezi" course, we continue to explain the Chinese characters, today's explanation is still the "Shuowen Jiezi" Chinese character order in the "艸" part of the Chinese characters in the Chinese character order of the six Chinese characters, most of these six Chinese characters are strange characters, rarely used, respectively, the corresponding plants also have a part of the can not find out the accurate ancient and modern correspondence, but hindered by the word order, can not skip, we are still lined up. In addition, if these Chinese characters are analyzed in glyphs, most of them will be dismantled one by one, and the principle of our curriculum has always been "to follow the old text without wearing chisels" (the original text of the text), so we will not do the disassembly of this kind of strange glyph for the time being, and only retain the original meaning of the "Shuowen" and related ancient books to explain the pronunciation and meaning of the characters. The six Chinese characters to be explained today are as follows:
(The six Kanji characters explained today)
1. Oh. Pronounced gù. The explanation given by "Shuowen Jiezi" is a simple "艸也", and other dictionaries have no additional additions, basically following the interpretation of "Shuowen Jiezi", so we only know that this word is a kind of grass, as for what kind of grass, we have no clue to guess, we can only wait to be examined. Its small seal is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of 䓢 is written)
2. < the upper and lower > (there is no such word in the GBK character library, and it is replaced by 芉). Pronounced gàn or gǎn. Zhonghua Bookstore's Zhuyin edition of "Shuowen Jiezi" only marks the first sound, and the explanation given is: "艸也, from 艸, 榦声" or only one kind of grass such an explanation, there is no clue. Unable to go deep
Another pronunciation, gǎn, is the same as "straw", and the Shuowen Jiezi has the word "稈", called "he stem also". Nor can it confirm the exact meaning. The Kangxi Dictionary has one, but it is a little helpful: "Ancient dry cut, sound." A coix. "In the previous lessons we mentioned coix, which is the barley tree, which looks like this:
(Coix)
< the small seal of the upper and lower > (芉) is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing)
3. Moth. Pronounced zhū or shǔ. Two pronunciations and two meanings, the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the "Shuowen Jiezi" only marks the first sound, and the explanation given is: "藷蔗也." From 艸, ZhuSheng "The so-called zhu cane, Duan Yu cut the note is: "Or as a cane or a cane." The word 藷蔗 double rhymes also. Also made as rod cane or dried cane, like its shape also. Or as sugar cane, called its taste also. "It's sugar cane, as shown in the picture:
(Sugarcane)
Sugarcane is a tall, solid perennial herb with thick, well-developed rhizomes and 3–6 m tall stalks. It is a temperate and tropical crop, a raw material for the manufacture of sucrose, and, of course, a common fruit.
When it reads the second shǔ, it refers to "lyrex", which is actually yam, potato family. Perennial winding vines. Tubers are for food and can be used in medicine. The yam plant is shown in the picture:
(Yam plant)
The tubers of the yam are shown in the picture:
(Yam)
There are many names of yam, also known as potato, sweet potato, Huai yam, Huaishan, white yam, the name is with medicine, obviously it is also a traditional Chinese medicine, its medicinal source is the potato family plant yam dried rhizome, with nourishing and strong, digestive aids, sweating, antidiarrhea effect, the main treatment of spleen deficiency diarrhea, lung deficiency cough, diabetes thirst, urinary short frequency, sperm, women's belt and indigestion of chronic enteritis and so on. In addition, yam is most suitable for taking with ganoderma lucidum, which has the effect of preventing and treating diabetes.
The small seal of Xue is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing)
4. Cane. Pronounced zhè. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "藷蔗也, from 艸, 庶声." The so-called cane, explained above, will not say more, its small seal is written as shown in the figure:
(Cane's small seal writing)
5, this word GBK word library is not, the description is also troublesome, so we simply above the picture:
(ning two sounds)
The word is pronounced níng. The explanation given by the "Explanation of Words" is: "Mu, you can make a miao." "The annotation given by Duan Yu is 縻, and the ox braid is also. Silk, water silk also. What is "mu" is now not specific to what kind of plant it is, only that it is a kind of grass, which can be used as a rope for ox reins and buckets. Its small seal is written as shown in the following figure:
(Ning's small seal notation)
6. Moth. Pronounced zhū or pronounced chú. The Zhonghua Bookstore edition of the Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi only marks the first pronunciation, and the explanation given is: "荎藸也." From the sound of a pig. "But in fact, this is a transliteration, and when it is pronounced as 荎藸說, it should be pronounced as chú, referring to a herb, that is, schisandra. Erya. In the Shi Cao, it is said: "菋, 荎藷." Guo Pu's explanation was "Five Tastes Also." It grows, with sub-clusters at the head of the stem. ”
There are two types of schisandra, namely the magnolia plant Schisandra and the Central China Schisandra. The former is known as "Northern Schisandra", while the latter is called "Southern Schisandra". Ancient medical books also call it Xuanhe, Huihe, etc., which is the earliest listed in the "Shennong Materia Medica" of the top quality Chinese medicine, with great tonic effect, can cure insomnia, medicinal value is extremely high. What it looks like is pictured:
(Schizandra plant)
Schizandra is picked when the fruit is ripe in autumn, dried or steamed and dried in the sun to remove the stems and impurities. The Tang Dynasty's "New Cultivation of Materia Medica" contains "five tastes, skin and flesh, sweet acid, hard work in the core, all have a salty taste", so it has the name of schisandra. What it looks like after picking looks like this:
(Schizandra)
Regarding Schisandra, we have two more sentences: "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic" says: "Acid into the liver, bitterness into the heart, sweetness into the spleen, hard into the lungs, salty people's kidneys." "Schisandra is complete in five tastes, Tang Sun Simiao said that "may often take schisandra to supplement the qi of the five viscera". Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty believed: "Schizandra acid or into the liver and tonic kidneys, hard and bitter people to supplement the lungs, ganren zhonggong beneficial spleen and stomach." Li Shicai said: "Schizandra people's lungs and kidney meridians, nourish the water of the kidney meridians, collect the gold of lung qi dissipation, remove annoying heat, quench thirst, replenish deficiency and tuberculosis, and strengthen qi and yin." Therefore, it is known as "the essential medicine of shengjin, the magic agent of convergence". Su Songyun of the Song Dynasty: "The skin of the schisandra is sweet and sour, and the core is spicy and bitter, and it has a salty taste, and the five tastes are also seen." "The five tastes of Schizandra are both, and the acid is unique, with its astringent and stopable nature, cough, asthma, remains, sweat, and diarrhea." The Japanese "Hehan Medicine Examination" once called it "Cough God". In the Treatise on Typhoid Fever, it is said that "whoever coughs always add schisandra, and the meaning is very profound." "Dusk cough" is a lung deficiency qi reverse and false fire, dusk Yin Sheng launched to, with schisandra, five times the seed to descend, not suitable for dry ginger, but together fried wheat winter, more spiritual.
When it is pronounced zhū, the semantics come from the Jade Chapter. 艸部), that is, "藸蒘草". What kind of grass is this kind of grass in modern Chinese, we also lack information, and we can only examine. The small seal of the xue is written as shown in the figure:
(Small seal writing of 藸)
To add another explanation: The course of "Explaining Characters in Speaking Texts" should have explained Chinese characters from the three aspects of character sound, glyph and character meaning to be thorough, but there are many differences between ancient and modern sounds, and the meaning of characters varies with the sound of words, and the explanations of glyphs (including today's popular text interpretation books) are also said by each reason, so this course will be as necessary, or omit glyph explanations, or eliminate incorrect or conflicting pronunciations in each book, and comprehensively sort out the meaning of the characters. Specific analysis of each Chinese character, such as the plant part, such as the "wood" part, the "艸" part, this Chinese character is mostly a noun, so we explain more about the corresponding physical objects of these things, and will continue to explain according to this principle in the future.
([Explanation of words] No. 55, some pictures from the Internet)