Passion fruit, also known as egg fruit, love fruit, scientific name: passionflower, Latin name: Passiflora edulis Sims. Passionflower family, passionflower is a herbaceous vine with thin striped stems and no hair. Leaf papery, middle lobes ovate, lobes on both sides ovate oblong, lobes with fine serrations at the edges of the lobes, 1 corner-shaped appendage at the outer apex; inner corolla non-pleated, full or irregularly torn at the apex, pale yellowish-green; inverted ovates, flattened rods, stigma kidney-shaped. The berries are ovoid, glabrous, purple when ripe; the seeds are mostly ovate.
Passion fruit belongs to the hermaphroditic, self-pollinating, its pollinators are mainly bees and insects, but also through artificial pollination, artificial breeding of new varieties of pollination rate can reach 80%. Passion fruit planted in spring can bloom in July and harvest in September. After the second year, flowering begins in April every year, 5-6 batches a year can bloom, each batch of flowers is separated by 20 days, from flowering to fruit ripening takes 60-70 days, and the fruit is harvested for more than 4 months.
Passion fruit [Passion fruit [Passionflower herbaceous vine]
There are three main propagation methods of passion fruit, the first is to use seeds to directly sow and propagate, the second is to propagate with vine cuttings, the third is to seed seed seedlings and then graft high-yield virus-free mother, grafted seedlings cost high but stable yield, the current large-scale promotion of Tainong No. 1 passion fruit are grafted seedlings. Plant 70-110 plants per acre (depending on the soil, slope, and planting area), and the main vines are gradually divided into side vines and climbed on the trellis. Passion fruit produces 2-2.5 tons per mu per year, and the high yield reaches more than 5 tons.
Passion fruit is produced in South America, a perennial evergreen climbing vine tropical fruit, so named because its juice has aromas of guava, mango, banana and other fruits. Passion fruit has strong adaptability, vigorous growth, resistance to diseases and insects, early production, high yield, good quality, resistant to storage and transportation, wide sales, high economic benefits, and is known as a "cash cow" in foreign countries. Passion fruit has a variety of fruits of the rich aroma, and high nutritional value, not only can be used as fresh fruit to eat and make juice drinks, but also with processed jam, jelly, ice cream, pastries, biscuits the most ideal processing fruit. Passion fruit juice as a pure natural "green" juice drink with its good color and fragrance, as well as good health care effects, suitable for all ages, the wind of the world.
<h3>Cultivation method</h3>
Cultivation points:
Passion fruit has the same temperature requirements as ordinary tomatoes, and is more adaptable and suitable for planting in the north and south (the north should overwinter in the greenhouse, and the south should cover the cold before the frost period above 1400m altitude to safely overwinter, otherwise the upper and lateral branches of the main stem are mostly frozen, and even the whole plant freezes to death).
1. Planting Passion fruit is produced in the year of planting, and it is advisable to plant it in February-March of each year. Generally, the economic cultivation period of passion fruit is 4-5 years, and after harvesting in the fifth year, the old plants are cut down and fully renewed. Because passion fruit is a tropical fruit, stubble is very susceptible to virus infection, reducing yield and quality, in order to reduce passion fruit by virus infection, virus-free healthy seedlings, annual renewal planting is the best.
(1) Planting distance Passion fruit is a vine fruit tree, the branches spread long, so the trellis cultivation to row spacing of 3 meters, plant spacing of 3-3.5 meters is appropriate, mu species of about 70; single-line hedge cultivation row spacing of 1.7-1.8 meters, plant spacing of 3.5-4 meters is appropriate, about 100 plants per mu.
(2) Planting method According to the row spacing of the predetermined planting, dig a colonization ditch with a width of 60 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm, first put in the mixed compost or other soil fertilizer, and add 0.25 kg of phosphorus + 0.15-0.25 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, and then plant on the pier, after colonization into live, the axillary buds should be removed at any time, leaving only the top buds of the main vine, and tying the vines to the pillars, so that the plants can climb the trellis as soon as possible.
passion fruit
2, set up trellis during the cultivation of passion fruit must be set up trellis, in order to manage, harvest. The scaffolding is set up in various forms, and the current horizontal trellis and single-line hedge frame are the mainstays. The single-line hedge column is 2.3 meters high, erected between plants, implanted about 30 cm underground, and each column pulls two lines of 12.
3, the whole branch pruning passion fruit colonization, in the seedling stage should be planted pillars, in order to lure the main vine on the trellis, when the main vine is 1 meter high, cut the top bud, let it grow out of the side vine, each side left 2 side vines, grow on both sides, when the side vine grows to 2 meters, the side vine top is cut off to promote the growth of secondary side vines. If it is cultivated on horizontal trellises, it should wait for the main vine to reach the trellis, and the left side vines should grow evenly in all directions. Passion fruit should not be re-sheared, and there is no need to force it every year. If it is over-pruned, it is easy to cause the main vine to gradually wither, and the whole plant will die in severe cases. Generally, after each batch of fruit is harvested, each side vine is left 3-4 knots for short cutting, so that it can grow back into the side vine, and at the same time, the over-dense branches must be thinned every summer, or the branches that hang down to delay the ground will be cut off about 20-30 cm from the ground to maintain good ventilation.
4. Fertilization The principle of fertilization of passion fruit is 2:1:4 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and it is advisable to avoid excessive application of partial nitrogen fertilizer. In order to promote early growth and rapid onset, 7 days after planting, start to shower twice to love overcharge, the interval is 7 days, and each small bag is mixed with 60 kg of water. Within 15 days after flowering is the period of rapid fruit expansion, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, especially the application of potassium fertilizer should be increased to promote rapid fruit expansion.
5. Water management Passion fruit is more drought-tolerant, but in case of drought, irrigation is still needed. The soil is too dry, which will affect the development of vines and fruits, and in severe cases, the branches will appear wilted, and the fruit will not develop and fruit fall. During the rainy season, pay attention to drainage.
This article was co-edited by headline encyclopedia users Happy 1978 and CHENG Xiao C.