Author: Zen Lijun
Edited by: Zen Lijun
Xueting Fuyu Zen Master was a famous monk in the early Yuan Dynasty, and the only monk in Shaolin history to be named a duke. Under his legacy, at that time, the Jingshi National Shizi Assembly, Fuyu disciples had one of three, and the Shaolin Temple became the most influential Buddhist temple in the country, ruling the national monasteries. Yu Gongyuan died, and Emperor Yuanrenzong posthumously gave Fuyu Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, and posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Jin. The abbot of Yugong Shaolin Temple not only put the great banner of Caodong in Shaolin, but also made the Shaolin Temple reach unprecedented prosperity, so it is known as the "Ancestor of Zhongxing" whose merit can be compared with Dharma's ancestors.
The life of a Zen master
Xueting Fuyu (1203~1275), a famous monk of the Yuan Dynasty, the character is good, the number of Xueting. Commonly known as Zhang, he was a native of Wenshui, Taiyuan (present-day Wenshui County, Shanxi). Fuyu has been clever and clever since childhood, "five years old to explain, a thousand words a day." Nine years old to enter the school, one eye ten lines, the township called 'holy child'. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (1213), the Mongol army besieged Jinzhongdu (Yanjing, present-day Beijing) and captured Hedong, Hebei, and Shandong, which the Jin Dynasty had originally occupied; the following year, it besieged and occupied Zhongdu and other areas again, and Jin Xuanzong was forced to move the capital to Kaifeng. During this period, Fuyu's parents died in the war. At that time, Fuyu was lonely and helpless, and later with the help of an old monk, he promoted the opportunity to enter the Buddhist gate. Regarding the story of Fuyu's renunciation, Mr. Wen Yucheng wrote in his book "History of Shaolin": "Once, he met an old monk on the road, persuaded him to study Buddhism, and said, 'It is enough to be able to recite the Lotus Sutra. He replied, 'Does the Dharma just read the Lotus Sutra?' The old monk was asked, and he felt that he had a big heart, so he led him to the Xianyan Temple, where he worshiped the old monk Xiulin as his teacher, and said, "This little child is a dragon elephant seed, which can become a great instrument." ’”
In 1223, at the age of twenty-one, Fukuyu was ordained and became a bhikkhu. He served the elder Xiulin for seven years with Sungai Guanggong, and after seven years of learning, he went to Yanjing and threw himself into WanSong Xingxiu (1166-1246) to learn Zen for ten years (1231-1241). Wan Song xingxiu was a native of Hanoi (present-day Qinyang, Henan Province), who was ordained at the Pure Land Temple in Xingzhou and later to daming temple in Cizhou (present-day Ci County, Hebei). After that, he went to Jodo-ji Temple and built The MansongKan and took it upon himself, which was known as "Ten Thousand Pines". Subsequently, he lived in Yanjing Wanshou Temple. In the second year of Cheng'an (1197), he moved to the Qiyin Temple of dadu and later transferred to Yanjing Bao'en Temple, at the age of 81. In the fourth year of Jin Mingchang (1193), Zen master Wan Song Xingxiu entered the imperial palace at the invitation of Jin Zhangzong and was revered as the first monk in China at that time.
In 1245, Kublai Khan ordered Fuyu to go to the Shaolin Temple to build a capital ordination assembly, and also ordered him to build the Bao'en Temple in his hometown of Wenshui County, and gave him land and property. In the year of PengShen (1248), Emperor Dingzong issued another edict and ordered Fuyu abbots to hold the Taiping Xingguo Zen Temple in Hala and Lin. The following year (1249), Fuyu was entrusted by the elder Wan Song to abbot the Shaolin Temple for about six years. After Fuyu at least lin monastery, he vigorously preached the Dharma and collected disciples. At the National Shizi Gathering of the Beijing Master, one of the three disciples of Fuyu, the Shaolin Temple became the most influential Buddhist temple in the country, ruling the national monasteries. As a result of his efforts, 237 Buddhist monasteries were successively recovered to accommodate monks and nuns, and to resume practice and teaching activities.
In the autumn of the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275), Yu Gongyuan died, the seventy-third life expectancy of the world, and the fifty-second monk, and was buried in the Shaolin Temple tallinn. In the first year of Emperor Qing's reign (1312), Emperor Yuanrenzong posthumously awarded Fuyu Kaifu Yi Tongsansi and posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Jin. As a result, Yu Gong became the only monk in Shaolin history to be made a duke. The abbot of Yugong Shaolin Temple not only put the great banner of Caodong in Shaolin, but also made the Shaolin Temple reach unprecedented prosperity, so it is known as the "Ancestor of Zhongxing" whose merit can be compared with Dharma's ancestors.
Xueting Fuyu saved the world
Xueting Fuyu's time was when the Yuan Dynasty was fighting the world, and the policy implemented by these Mongols was to slaughter. Every time they attacked a city, they would first send someone to inform them that if they resisted, they would slaughter the city. At that time, Genghis Khan had a minister named Yelü Chucai, he was not a Mongol, he was a Khitan, very much valued by Genghis Khan, every time there was something, Genghis Khan would consult with him, so his influence on Genghis Khan was quite large. This Yelü Chucai admired the Zen Buddhism of the Buddhist family, and his master was Wan Song Xingxiu, a very famous monk in the world at that time, and Xueting Fuyu was also a disciple of Wan Song. Wan Song Xingxiu used Yelü Chucai to persuade Genghis Khan not to kill indiscriminately.
At the same time, some of Wan Songxingxiu's other disciples also advised the Mongols not to kill: "You have killed them all, so who will feed you?" Mr. Ma Mingda, a professor at Jinan University and an expert in yuan history, said in the lecture of "Millennium Shaolin • History": "In the abolition of the Mongol slaughter policy, the Songshan Shaolin Temple plays a very important role. We dare not imagine how a Shaolin Temple, far away in the valley of the Song Mountains, and a few high monks and masters who practiced outside the world, could have such a great impact on the politics of that time! It was during the Jin-Yuan War that Xueting Fuyu was ordered by his teacher Wan Song Xingxiu to abbot the Shaolin Temple; at this time, the Shaolin Temple almost played a role in stabilizing the world. It's just that we used to talk about the history of the Shaolin Temple, and we always said 'the thirteen stick monks saved the King of Qin', don't you know 'Xueting Fuyu saved the world', how many lives were saved! The "great masters of the practice of extraterrestrial cultivation" mentioned by Professor Ma Mingda are Donglin Zhilong, Mu'an Sexying, xueting Fuyu, etc., all of whom are disciples of Wan Song Xingxiu. Donglin Zhilong served as abbot of the Shaolin Temple from the third year of Jin Zhenyou (1215) to the first year of Yuan Guang (1222), and founded the Shaolin Pharmacy, which served the monks and people of the monastery with Shaolin medicine, and enjoyed a high reputation, known as the "Buddhist Medicine Sect". Mu'an was abbot of the Shaolin Temple from 1225 to 1233.
During his tenure as abbot of the Shaolin Temple, Fuyu commanded the Songshan Temple, and repaired the ancient temple in Songyang that had been destroyed due to the war, "Golden and New", "Luoyang White Horse, after the feast, all the teachers are also teachers". Every time Yu Gong ascended to the altar to give a lecture, four people gathered, "the giver is like a hill, and the one who comes is like returning to the city." Yu Gong passed through the group scriptures, leaving hundreds of thousands of quotations, but unfortunately they have not been passed on. He also reorganized the Yongqing Temple, the lower court of the Shaolin Temple, restored the White Horse Temple, and met for a while. In 1255, Emperor Xianzong ordered Fuyu to Gonjing and was the first abbot of Yanqing Zen Temple. After that, Fuyu and guoshi and Kashmiri Namo launched a great debate on the Buddha's Path and restored 237 Buddhist temples.
The essence of zen master's thoughts
Throughout the life of Zen Master Fuyu, the essence of his thinking will undoubtedly be influenced by the cultural background at that time. Here, the Zen thoughts and main thrusts of Zen Master Fuyu are divided into two parts:
(1) Zen Thought -- Inheriting the ideological characteristics of "reciprocity" of the westward migration of stones
Although Fuyu was well-read, proficient in catechism, and good at teaching the Fa, from a personal point of view, he did not advocate writing books and teachings. This made it extremely difficult to understand his Zen thoughts, and he could only dig out the main thrust of his Zen Dharma from some trivial materials left behind by him and his master and his disciples in the process of teaching the Fa to the machine.
According to the "Biography of Fuyu", when Fuyu first participated in the Zen master of Wansong Xingxiu, Xingxiu was very happy and allowed to enter the room as soon as they met. Xiu asked, "Where did the son get the news, and did he come?" Yu Yue: "Old man, do you want to defeat the scholars?" Xiu Yue: "Where did the old monk live?" Yu Yue: "Learn and pray, and cover for the monk for the time being." "Xiu Daxi, so he became Inco, and since then he has been intimate for ten years."
From this, it can be seen that Wansong's question is biased, but Fuyu's answer is in the right place. "Covering" means to cover up and not to debunk, but in fact, it is said to be everywhere, there is no coming and going, and there is no news. This ingenious answer, extraordinary, shows that Fuyu first learned the Zen method, and he had a thorough understanding of the relationship between directors and his skillful grasp of the principle of "directors being each other" when he first learned Zen.
According to the "Complete Book of Five Lamps", a monk asked, "How is the ancestor Xi Laiyi?" Yu Shi said, "Wait for Milk Peak to nod, that is, to Ru Dao." Asked: "How is it all the way up to the noble?" The master said: "The fishing song startled the satin heron, and the reed flower flew out without a trace." Q: "How was it when I faced the wall for nine years?" The master said: "Officials do not allow needles." "What about when a flower has five leaves?" The master said: "Privately drive horses." ”
"Syari" here refers to the purpose of enlightenment transmitted by Dharma Master, which is not written, clear in mind, and unspeakable. Therefore, "when the nipple peak nods" and then answer. "Noble Road" here refers to the method of becoming a Buddha, and Zen Master Fuyu replied that when the fishing song began, the heron flew and flew without a trace. This is to say that the positive is biased, the bias is returned to the positive, and it is the reason for teaching people to be partial to the positive and positive to reciprocate, and the director does not review the reciprocity in the iteration, which is the "honorable road". "Wall-facing" refers to Dharma Guru's pure Zen of "concentrating on the wall view, from the teachings of enlightenment", "guan" refers to the organ of the heart, "needle" refers to the distraction of thoughts, the mind is free of dust, that is, the mind is out of the realm, and the mind is out of the realm is Zen. "One flower and five leaves" refers to the occurrence of the heart, and the purity of the heart is free of distractions. But if the distractions are together, the carriage and horse can also pass. The idea of "huihu" involved here is very close to the characteristics of the Zen method of "huihu" of the stone moving west.
One day, Shaomu Wentai (Fuyu disciple), Wen Xueting Fuyu Lord Shaolin, went to visit. Yu Gong said: "When the opportunity is taken, try to pull out a sentence to see." Tai said, "Who is me?" "This mad man." Tai Yue: "In the path of benevolence and righteousness, and in one prayer." "To cling to it for another 10 years is to attain the essence of the cave." In the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282), he obeyed Fuyu's instructions and became the head of the Shaolin Law Seat. At that time, it was called Xueting Gaodiye, there were two Tai and one Su, Tai Qiyi also.
Because Shōmu Buntai was the highest foot of the Snow Garden, and had been with the master for ten years, the Zen method he had learned was said to be "the essence of the cave". It can be seen from this that the Zen method that Fuyu said is still based on the reciprocal belt of stone and cave mountain. Therefore, the "Monument to the Shaolin Elders of the Provincial Shaolin Province" has the reputation of "raising the sect style with the dragon court and lifting up the sect style, opening the five forests and explaining the family teachings". Gai said that the purpose of his Zen Dharma is the common purpose of Shaolin and the Cao Dong Sect of the world.
(2) Propagating the Dharma and Apologetics - There is a tendency to advocate "benevolent" governance
From Zen Master Fuyu's own inscriptions, the words dictated by his disciples reflect his concept of actively ruling the world with "benevolence". "Inscription: Buddhas are passed on with benevolence, and saints are ruled by benevolence." Its benevolence, this heart. Mixed is not mixed, illuminating the earth. Push without trying to push, deep clear water. Emperor Liang (Emperor Wu of Liang) was a man of great deeds and did not reconcile with his (Dharma) will. Who straightened out his ancestors, Cao Xidong died. Catch me Yu Gong, and the road is still north..."
Here, the disciple Huiqing clearly pointed out that although Emperor Wu of Liang was virtuous and good at governance, he did not follow the main purpose of Dharma's Zen dharma. And "Treat me Yu Gong, the Way is still in the North", which shows that the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty obeyed Fuyu's Zen method and the idea of "benevolent" rule, so there is "The Emperor of imagami favors the gift of the ceremony, and his words and deeds are great". In obedience to the emperor's orders, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty's giant ministers wrote this monument, known as "Xueting Fuyu as a Buddha" and "The Supreme Saint of the Son of Heaven", and the "interaction" between them promoted the revival of Buddhism in the Shaolin Temple and even in the Central Plains, and its combination point was "Benevolence" - "Buddha with benevolence, saint with benevolence".
At the same time, from The perspective of FuYu himself, his words when he advised the emperor also reflected the idea of "benevolent" governance, and Yuan Xiangmai's "Record of Distinguishing Falsifications" said: Shaolin returned to the table the next day: "And the Savages of the Northern Shaolin Temple in the North Shaolin Temple of The Forest are sincerely afraid, and they suddenly make their heads bow, and they say: Hearing the wrongs and making the wrongdoers straight... Therefore, the sages should be taught at the right time. Or wash it with morality. Or seal it with benevolence. In case of micro-heresys, too. ”
Fuyu advised the emperor in this way, hoping that Junshang would "hear and lift up the wrongdoers and make the wrongdoers straight; and the wrongs of the wrongs can make the straights go straight." This phrase first came from the Analects of the "For The Government" and asked, "What is the people's service?" Confucius said to him: "If you straighten out the wrongs, the people will obey; if you lift up the wrongs, the people will not obey." As the abbot of Shaolin, he advised the emperor without considering too much red tape, directly quoting Confucius's concept of government, and saying that "these two are the source of reward and punishment, the root of chaos", only in this way can we "seal it with benevolence and righteousness, so as to prevent the disadvantages of future generations", which reflects the concept of Confucianism advocating Confucianism to rule the world with "benevolence".
From the above many indications, Fuyu Zen Master is a Great Master of Buddhism and Confucianism, and in the process of promoting Dharma apology and ZTE Shaolin, he has always advocated the ideological concept of "benevolent" rule.
The influence of Zen masters on future generations
According to the Ming Dynasty Jingzhu Zen Master's compilation of the "Continuation of the Five Lantern Society" Volume I, and the Qing Dynasty Chaoyong Zen Master's compilation of the "Five Lamps Complete Book" Volume 61 "Fuyu Biography", Fuyu Zen Master with his exquisite knowledge, rigorous practice, famous far and near. The large number of disciples also attracted the attention of the imperial court at that time. Before Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he sneaked to the Shaolin Temple on Mount Song and ordered Zen Master Fuyu to hold a ceremony for him. In the eighth year (1248) of Song Chunyou, he was ordered to enter the Lord and Lin Xingguo Temple, and after a few months, he was summoned to the inner court, played the decree of symmetry, defended without hindrance, and was deeply rewarded. Soon after, he was conferred the post of a provincial monk, "Commander-in-Chief". In the first year of Song Jingding (1260), at the summons of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the newly reigned Yuan Dynasty, he went to the inner court to debate with the Taoist priest Li Zhichang and others, and after victory, he burned the forty-five pseudo-scriptures of the Daomen and was given the title of "Great Zen Master of guangzong zhengfa". After that, he was invited to take charge of the Dharma Seat of Yanjing Wanshou Temple for fourteen years. He also built the lower courtyard of the Shaolin Temple in Helin, Yanji, Chang'an, Taiyuan, and Luoyang, and died in Songyang in the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275). In the first year of Emperor Yuan's reign (1312), Emperor Renzong posthumously awarded the title of "Duke of Jinguo" and gave him the title of "Grand Sikong, Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division." "It can be seen from here that Zen Master Fuyu's contribution to the Shaolin Temple is very significant. During the abbot of Fuyu Zen Master, the Shaolin Temple not only recovered its vitality, but also flourished more than before. Therefore, later generations have called Xueting Fuyu the "ancestor of Zhongxing" of the Shaolin Temple, which is truly deserved. Fuyu's feelings for the Shaolin Temple were extremely deep, and people called him "Shaolin Elder Yugong". It can be said that Zen Master Xueting Fuyu played a pivotal role in the development of Shaolin Zen And even in the development of Shaolin Temple.
In the center of the Shaolin Temple Tallinn, towering is the spiritual pagoda of The Zen Master Fuyu of Xueting, the pagoda is "Xuandu Monk Province, Shaolin Elder, Special Guangzong Zhengfa Great Zen Master Yu gong pagoda", set up by "Xuan Jianghuai Du Chief, Fuzong Hongjiao Master, Shiyuan White Horse Temple Patriarch Long Chuan Guan Qian", the time is Ding Hainian (1287). This Monk who manages money in Longchuan is the "Longmen County Anti-Lecture Master Xingyu" who participated in the Great Debate of the Buddhist Dao in the Fifth Century. Almost all visitors to the Shaolin Temple in Tallinn will stop and gaze in front of the Xueting Fuyu Zen Master's Spiritual Pagoda, and seem to be tasting the zen master's noble feelings of helping the needy and pudu sentient beings.
In accordance with the inheritance method of the secular clan, Zen Master Xueting Fuyu established a master-apprentice inheritance system in the Shaolin Temple, establishing the "Cao Dong Fundamental Sect". It is precisely because of this family genealogical inheritance method that the Shaolin Temple has a strong blood affection between the masters and apprentices, so that the Zen martial culture of the Shaolin Temple can be continued and spread. The "Seven Crosses of Shaolin" set by Fuyu Zen Master is: "Fuhui Zhizi Jue, the original circle can be enlightened." Zhou Hongpu Guangzong, Daoqing Tongxuanzu. Pure as the sea, Cham Silent Pure Virgin. Virtue is eternal, and the body is always strong. The heart is deep, and the sex is clear and discerning. Sincerely good and kind, I sincerely honor the original Jidu. Xueting is the mentor and leads Ru back to Hyun-ro. For more than seven hundred years after him, the Shaolin disciples have adhered to the lineage set by Master Fuyu and passed it on in an orderly manner.