Chen Hansheng (1897-2004) was a well-known rural economist, sociologist, historian and social activist in China. In the 1930s, he was the founder of the China Rural Economic Research Association. 20 years master's degree from the University of Chicago, 24 years as a doctorate from the University of Berlin, and 1946 as a distinguished professor at Washington State University. In 1925, he was a member of the Kuomintang and introduced by Li Dazhao. In 1935, he was a member of the Communist Party of China, and the introducers Wang Ming and Kang Sheng. He is also a master of intelligence, the number two man in the Sorge Group (Shanghai & Tokyo) led by Sorge. Hidemi Ozaki, a personal adviser to Japanese Prime Minister Konoe during World War II, joined the Ramza Group (Zorg Tokyo Group) through his introduction.
Chen Hansheng was then the director of the Social Group of the Institute of Social Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences. However, when carrying out secret work, he assumed the pseudonym Wang Ruqing and disguised himself as a Singaporean businessman. So much so that in the experiences that Sorge later wrote after his arrest in Tokyo, he still admired Chen Hansheng's work. "In Shanghai, I mainly work with Wang (i.e., Chen Hansheng) and only find other members in exceptional circumstances," he said. The king brought information and intelligence from various sources, and we discussed it together. If there is any information and information that needs to be explained or supplemented, he and I will talk to the provider. I have instructions and requests for intelligence gathering that he conveys through him. ”
For two full years in 1931 and 1932, Sorge's Chinese group always had one afternoon a week at 1464 Xiafei Road in Shanghai (now 1676 Huaihai Middle Road, currently a body-shaped coffee experience shop) by a man named Ruth. A meeting was held at the home of a German lady from Werner. According to Ms. Werner's recollection in her later book", "Remembrance of the Sea", among the several people who came to the meeting at that time, there were always Sorge and Chen Hansheng. Sorge of the Comintern Intelligence Office and the International Liaison Office of the Fourth Bureau of the Red Army was ordered to establish an intelligence network in Shanghai, which can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the international group and the other is the Chinese group. At the invitation of the Comintern, the Communist Party of China also dispatched a group of its own party members to enrich the intelligence corps to assist it in its work.
The international group consisted of the military adviser, the Estonian Paul Riem, and the wireless telegraph operator, german Max Klauson (born circa 1899, the son of a clerk in Hamburg, Germany, who enlisted in 1917 as a German wireless telegrapher, then joined the German Communist Party, trained in the Soviet Union, and became a member of the Fourth Bureau of the General Staff). In October 1928, he took a train from Hamburg to Harbin via Siberia, and then to Dalian and then to Shanghai by boat. One day, he arrived at the Huizhong Hotel (now the South Building of the Peace Hotel), holding a copy of the Zilinxi Newspaper in his left hand and a pipe in his right hand, and connected his head with a man named Jim. Later he worked as a telegraph operator for Zorge and rented a unit house in the French Concession at the time. In order to hide his eyes, Clauson, like other foreigners, engaged in some lucrative business, and he opened a motorcycle shop with a garage in Hongkou, where he lived. Clausen designed and assembled the transmitter and established the radio. With Zorg's mediation, Clausson married Anna, a Finnish girl who lived on the same floor, a nurse at a hospital in Shanghai. Later, Clausen was ordered to accompany Zorge to Japan to continue his intelligence career and became a famous figure in the intelligence warfare of World War II. Photographer, Polish John, known as Grisha; telegraph translator, Estonian Kerman; liaison, German Ruth. Werner (female, sister of the German master of economic history, Jürgen Kuczynski, meritorious female spy of the Comintern, world-renowned writer. Published a documentary-level memoir on the history of intelligence, "Sonia's Report", translated by China as "Remembrance of the Past in the Spy Sea") and so on. Werner's home in the French Concession had been a hidden place for Zorg and Tecco's collaborators to meet and exchange information. Otto Braun (Chinese name Li De), a German who entered the Soviet Union in 1933 as a military adviser, belonged to this advisory group.
One of the strongholds of the Sorge group activities, the Huizhong Hotel (now the South Building of the Peace Hotel)
The Chinese group includes Fang Wen, the "Wang Jun" whom Zorg mentioned in the "Notes on Prison" and worked together while working together in Shanghai, that is, Fang Wen, also known as Zhang Fang and Liu Jinzhong, who was the first Chinese right-hand man whom Zorg and Smedley met through the introduction of Dong Qiusi when they went to Guangzhou. Graduated from Yenching University, he is a member of the Communist Party of China. At that time, he was a Chinese teacher at the Girls' High School of the American Church in Dongshan, Guangzhou. Subsequently, he developed progressive students Liu Yiyao and Xiao Bingshi into the backbone of the group. Because they are proficient in English, they usually do Chinese-to-English translation work in the group. Fang Wen's wife, Ruth, was also a member of the group and later assisted her husband in setting up a new intelligence network in Nanjing.
Wu Xianqing (female), a legendary woman in the CCP's intelligence circles, is still buried as a mentor-level spy, at the age of 29. From 1928 to 1930, when he was studying at the Eastern University in Moscow, he participated in the work of the Communist International. She was favored by General Belzin of the Fourth Department of the General Staff and had been trained as a regular agent in Moscow. Soon after joining the group, she established more than 20 outlets in East and South China, and developed Sha Wenhan (governor of Zhejiang Province after liberation), Chen Xiuliang (Sha Wenhan's wife, who served as the director of the organization department of the Nanjing Municipal PARTY Committee, the standing committee of the municipal party committee, the deputy secretary of the grass-roots work committee of the Shanghai municipal party committee, the deputy director of the organization department of the Shanghai municipal party committee, and the acting director of propaganda of the Zhejiang provincial party committee), Sha Wenwei (deputy secretary general of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference after liberation), and other people to join the party. Many of the older generations in the CCP's intelligence circles have honored Wu Xianqing as a "hero of the War" and "the first spy in the Far East."
Cai Shuhou, a communist in his early years, was a student in Japan (majoring in mechanical and electrical engineering). In the autumn of 1928, the Central Committee decided to set up a secret party radio station in Shanghai. Zhou Enlai gave the task to Li Qiang of Teko and transferred Cai Shuhou to assist him. A year and a half later, in the summer of 1929, the party's first radio wave came out of the French Concession's Cai Shuhou apartment. After hearing the news, Zhou Enlai still decided to send the first radio equipment to the Jiangxi base area, and from then on, he communicated the radio communication links between the Shanghai Party Central Committee and the Soviet District. In 1932, Cai Shuhou was favored by Zorg and became a Red International Agent. By August 1932, Zorg's intelligence network in China, including the above-mentioned International Group and China Group, had grown to nearly 100 people, during which a large number of young students were sent to the Soviet Union to learn intelligence technology.
In the autumn of 1933, Liu Simao returned to China, was introduced by friends in Shanghai, entered the Far East Intelligence Bureau of the Communist International to engage in underground revolutionary work, and successively entered the organs of the National Government in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Nanjing, collected intelligence, translated it into English, and provided it to the Third International Intelligence Bureau and the relevant departments of the Communist Party. After April 1935, Liu was hunted down by secret agents for the arrest of traffic officers and defection. But he had already left Wuhan with his family, fled to Shanghai (where he had lived in Wu Jingsong's home for a day), between Su, Lu, and Jin provinces, and finally arrived at Mount Taishan, where he got a friend who was working under Feng Yuxiang's command to tell Feng Shen that he had received Feng Yuxiang's cover and fled to Japan in the spring of 1936.
List of core members of the Sorge Intelligence Group
Head of the "Zorg Intelligence System" of the Far Eastern Intelligence Bureau of the Comintern: Sorge (USSR)
Intelligence System Chinese Assistant: Wu Xianqing (female)
Liaison Officer: Cai Shuhou Zhang Wenqiu (female, Mao Zedong's mother) Comrade Chang Chang
Intelligence Collection Group: Zhang Wenqiu, Wu Zhaogao
Translation Team: Fang Wen, Liu Yiyao, Xiao Bingshi, Land and Coastal Defense
South China Station: Dong Qiusi Cai Buxu (female)
Nanjing Station: Fang Wen Ruth (female)
Beiping Station: Zhang Yongxing, Yu Yifu, Zhang Shudi
Wuhan Station: Liu Simu (Flint Yuan), Huang Weiyou (Jun Jue), Zeng Yun, Chen Shaohan, Guan Yunnan, Wang Moqing, Hu Kelin, Yu Ruiyun, Jiang Junyu
Spy: John (Poland)
Operator: Sepa. Wittengarh (Germany) Marx. Clausen (Germany)
Intelligence Officer: Klaas. Selman (Estonia) Lyubba. Ivanov (USSR) Anna Ursula. Humble (Germany) Hidemi Ozaki (Japan)
Fang Wen (i.e. Wang Jun, China) Comrade Chang (China)
Zhang Wenqiu (1903-2002), also known as Zhang Yiping, li lijuan, Chen Mengjun, Xian Fei, Qiu Ping and so on. He was born in December 1903 in Xiejiawan, Qingshuling Village, Sunqiao Town, Jingshan County, Hubei Province. She participated in the May Fourth Movement in 1919, the Hubei Women's Teachers' Movement in 1922, the Chinese Socialist Youth League in March 1924, and the CCP Member in January 1926. In 1929, he was arrested one after another for betrayal by traitors, and his husband Liu Qianchu (then secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) was arrested one after another, and in January 1930, he was rescued by the organization (Liu Ze heroically rebelled in April 1931), and he arrived in Shanghai as a traffic officer of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China. From February 1932, zhou Enlai personally introduced (appointed) into the Sorge Shanghai Group, that is, the Intelligence Department of the Fourth Bureau of the Shanghai International Far East to do international intelligence work, responsible for collecting and reading newspapers in the major cities of Shanghai, Nanjing, and Beiping, extracting the military, political, economic, cultural and diplomatic reports in them into categories, compiling them into written materials, and handing them over to Sorge for processing. Because of his outstanding performance, he was appointed as the chief of the Far East Intelligence Station in Southern China, and when he returned to the Comintern Intelligence Organization for the second time, he served as the main assistant of Walton (the protagonist of the Strange West Case) and served as the station chief of the North China Station. After finishing the work of the Comintern, he did confidential work in the Organization Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and the Shanghai Pudong District Committee. After the establishment of the CCP, she successively served as deputy director of the personnel office of the Bank of China and director general of the China Welfare Association for the Blind.
She had two daughters, Liu Siqi (Liu Songlin) and Liu Shaohua (Shao Hua), who were married to Mao Anying and Mao Anqing respectively.
Excerpt from Mr. Zhang Wenqiu's memoir "Stepping on the Green Mountains":
"Most of the staff of the Far East Bureau are proficient in intelligence work and secrecy techniques. The task of the Far East Bureau was to understand the various situations of the Kuomintang and to report them to the Comintern in a timely manner, so that the Comintern could lead and help the Chinese revolution. There are two main ways to understand the situation. One is to collect materials from various publicly distributed newspapers on the Kuomintang in the political, military, economic, cultural, and other fields. Among them were the so-called "bandit situation" throughout the country and Chiang Kai-shek's "encirclement and suppression" deployment and their operational plans and strategic principles. This kind of information collected in the newspapers must be analyzed and studied, and after drawing conclusions, it is compiled into materials, submitted to Sorge for review, then translated into English or Russian, and then translated into code by Sorge and photographed on microfilm, and regularly transmitted to the Comintern through the secret communication line between Shanghai and Harbin. If there is information of particular importance, it can also be sent directly by radio transmitter. Another way to understand the situation is to send people to communicate with the upper echelons of the Kuomintang, to penetrate into the enemy's interior, to collect intelligence on all aspects of the enemy from senior Kuomintang military and political officials, and to report to the Comintern. My task is the former.
"I have endless newspapers every day, and I can't pick up endless news, such as: Shanghai Daily News, Shanghai Declaration, Republic of China Daily, Ta Kung Pao, Beijing Daily, Nanjing Daily, Mainland Daily, Zilinxi Daily, World Weekly, etc., and we must constantly consider new problems that occur in all aspects. At the same time, because there was no need to communicate with the Central Soviet District, I changed the six correspondence addresses originally established in the liaison office to the correspondence addresses of the International South China Station. Such as: French Concession Fruit Shop, Renhe Hotel; British Concession Wuzhou Bookstore, Commercial Press; Peiying Primary School on North Sichuan Road, Yangshupu Coal Shop and other places. The intelligence materials sent from several southern provinces and the issues that the southern comrades came to negotiate should also be handled by me and then relayed to Wu Zhaogao or Sorge. In addition, I also had to socialize with the landlord and the patrol house, and work as a cover agency, so my work was particularly busy, and sometimes, for many days in a row, I could not find time to see the children, and Siqi was basically completely taken care of by the nanny. Wu Zhaogao came to check my work every day, in addition to looking at the materials I wrote, but also to see the news compared with it. Once, after reviewing it, he said to me, 'The information you have collated and the conclusions and suggestions drawn from it have been of great help to our work.' When I heard that, I was very happy.
"Sorge also came to us often to review documents, and Smedley sometimes came with him. But she could only talk to me cordially in the room. Because of the relationship of confidentiality, other comrades are not allowed to know. But every time she came to my room, she would ask the 'little baby' Siqi about it, and ask me to bring it to her to see. She had visited the children with me many times, and twice she had brought Sorge with her. Except for the two of them who had been to my office, almost no one else dared to come, occasionally came to contact work, and never said a word off-topic. Everyone consciously observes discipline, not what they should know, no one asks questions, no work is assigned to themselves, and no one interferes to disturb others. Everyone was working in silence, and although the secretaries, translators, typists, and other staff members were all on the second floor with me, the whole second floor was still quiet, silent, and there was a mysterious and serious atmosphere.
"Even I feel mysterious is still on the third floor. On the third floor lived a Soviet woman. She only speaks Russian and English and does not understand Chinese at all. I was responsible for covering her and taking care of her life, and every morning, the nanny made coffee, milk, and eggs, and Wu Zhaogao quietly carried her upstairs. For lunch and dinner, she eats bread, sausage and ham, or goes out on her own. The clothes she changed out were also taken down by Wu Zhaogao in a pocket and asked me to hand them over to the nanny and send them to the laundromat to wash. What puzzled me even more was that my fake husband, Wu Zhaogao, was with the Soviet woman all day except for lunch and dinner with me, and lived there at night without leaving the door. I don't know what kind of relationship they are, is it a couple? They do something together every day. According to organizational discipline, I couldn't ask, but I always felt strange in my heart. The Soviet woman occasionally came to sit in my room, but because of the language barrier, we could only shake hands, say hello, or smile and nod to each other. I sometimes went to see her, but what I often encountered was that she was on the phone in a foreign language, and sometimes the phone was half a day. Even an hour or two. Wu Zhaogao said: 'That's her job, she's talking about work!' Wu Zhaogao was silent for a while, and finally said to me: 'I came back from the Soviet Union, and she is my lover.' We got married after we met in the Soviet Union. She speaks not only Russian and English, but also typing and telegraphing. The Chinese information you excerpted was translated by me and her, and then translated by her into a code and sent upwards.