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| Series of Short Biographies of the Southern and Northern Dynasties / Occasional Updates / Tan Bow (written) |
The puppet emperor is empty of the name of the emperor and does not have the supreme power as the emperor. Real power is often in the hands of another person (often a courtier, empress, or the monarch of another country).
——Baidu Encyclopedia
Since Qin Shi Huang first became emperor, the emperor became the supreme ruler of China in the imperial era, known as "the major affairs of the world are decided by one person", and its status is supreme, but once the word "puppet" is added in front of the emperor, the emperor's gold content is greatly reduced.
Emperor Wen of Song's Liu Yilong was a puppet at the beginning of his succession, Sikong Xu Xianzhi, Zhongshu Ling Fu Liang, the leading general Xie Han, and the general Tan Daoji deposed and killed Liu Yifu, the young emperor of Song, while Liu Yilong, the third son of Liu Yu, was greedy for his kindness, and his mother's family had no power, so this kind of emperor was easy to control after he was established.
Emperor Xian of Han – the representative of the puppet emperor
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, the young new jun</h1>
However, Liu Yilong is not without any power, the imperial power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was weak, and the Mengmen clan often suppressed the central government by going out of the town with strong force, and the "Jingyang Dispute" that occurred many times in more than a hundred years was the representative of the conflict between the local and the central government.
Jingzhou is located in the upper reaches of the southern dynasty, the army is strong and strong, and the Jingzhou Assassin History can often supervise some small states nearby at the same time, with such a strong strength, so the power faction that controls Jingzhou is generally powerful and can take advantage of this to attack the center. Although Liu Yujian weakened the strength of Jingzhou in view of the lessons of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jingzhou was still a super large state with a large territory, a large population, and a developed economy, and in view of this, Liu Yu had a will before his death, so that his descendants would take turns to serve as the assassins of Jingzhou, so as to prevent individual emperors from ruling Jingzhou for a long time and then becoming larger.
"Song Shu Liu Yi Propaganda": In the beginning, Emperor Wu won the jingzhou upper manifold, the land was strong, and the sons of the testament were subordinate to it.
However, when Xu Envied them wanted to make Liu Yilong emperor, Liu Yilong happened to be serving as the Assassin of Jingzhou. Therefore, when Liu Yilong received the news from Xu Xianzhi and others, his first thought was not to rush to Jiankang (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) to succeed to the throne, but to rely on the strong strength of Jingzhou and use the pretext of quelling the rebellion of Fu Liang and others to raise an army to go east to Jiankang and seize the throne.
The Wang Dun Rebellion can be said to be the first Jingyang dispute
To have this idea shows two points, one is that Liu Yilong was afraid that as soon as he went to Jiankang, he would become a puppet of Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Xie Han, and others, which was a common sentiment of people; second, Liu Yilong's political vision at that time was still very young. Jingzhou is a strong soldier, but Liu Yilong, who was only 18 years old at the time, sat in Jingzhou for only a few years, how deep the power can be, to know that later Liu Yilong's sixth brother Liu Yixuan controlled the history of Jingzhou for nearly twenty years, once the army started, or failed, you know that according to the local rebellion is not a simple thing.
Moreover, Xu Xianzhi and others were Liu Yifu who was killed by means of the empress dowager's will, the procedure was legal, and then there were Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and others in the central part of the imperial court to control it, and there were the generals Tan Daoji as foreign aid, and the internal and external forces were in a corner, and the major local power factions could not help any side before they knew the direction of the situation. In this case, Liu Yilong only wanted to challenge the center of the Song Dynasty with his own less powerful strength, which was tantamount to hitting a stone with a pebble.
Tan Dao Ji
If Liu Yilong had really done this at that time, there would have been no further matter, and perhaps Fu Liang, Tan Daoji, and others would have established a weaker emperor after quelling Liu Yilong's rebellion. Fortunately, Liu Yilong did not do this in the end, because someone persuaded him, and Wang Hua (Langya Wangshi, Liu Yilong's confidant) told Liu Yilong, "Xu Xianzhi and others wanted to establish Liu Yilong, but they just wanted the young lord to reuse and rely on them to ensure that they held great power and consolidated their position, so they were relieved to go." Liu Yilong's general Zhi Yanzhi (this person is very important) also advised him: "Jingzhou's military strength is simply not enough to compete for the world, and now that the throne has flown by itself, it is natural to seize him, and it should be rushed to Jiankang immediately. "
Book of Song. Wang Hua's biography: The ancestor entered the fengtong, and the young emperor saw the harm, and he did not dare to go down. Hua suggested: "Envy and others are highly respected, and dare to betray morality without tolerance, and if the lord exists, he is worried about his future calamity, so he will be killed." Gai Yu has a lot of affection in every life, and would rather dare to have a rebellious ambition. And the three people are evenly matched, and they do not push each other, but they want to hold the power and consolidate themselves, so that the lord will look up to the ear. Sign it today, don't worry about it. "
It was under the persuasion of the Qunchen that Liu Yilong, who was suspicious by nature, made up his mind to go to Jiankang to ascend the throne. Wanting to rely on Jingzhou to raise an army is the most likely step for Liu Yilong to take, but fortunately he chose the right path. But the crisis has just begun, after arriving in Jiankang, in the face of the power ministers, Liu Yilong can not be wrong from this time, the wrong step is doomed, and Liu Yilong until the elimination of the power ministers, indeed one step is not wrong, it is through this matter, Liu Yilong grew from an ordinary king of the clan to a qualified politician.
Second, the cultivation of powerful courtiers
Why the power minister can become a power minister, naturally because he installed his own people and horses from the central to the local level, fully controlled the military and political power of the country, and ordered the emperor's government orders not to leave the palace (it is best to use the palace), in general, the sentence is to grasp the greatest power as much as possible to prevent the emperor from counterattacking in the future. Xu Xianzhi and others, as veteran fritters who have been groping and playing in the political arena for decades, naturally understand this principle.
Therefore, before Liu Yilong set off for Jiankang to take over as emperor, Xu Xianzhi and others took advantage of the power vacuum period to order Xie Han to succeed Liu Yilong as the Assassin of Jingzhou under the order of the central government, which killed two birds with one stone, which could prevent Liu Yilong from appointing others to serve as jingzhou assassins after he ascended the throne and cultivate royalists at the local level; he could also rely on the powerful strength of Jingzhou to deter the central government, so that Liu Yilong did not dare to act rashly.
"Song Shu Xie Obscure Biography": The Young Emperor was deposed, and Sikong Xu Xianzhi recorded the edict, with the obscure capital Jing Xiang Yong Yining The military of the Seven Prefectures of Qin, the general of the Fu Army, the lieutenant of the Southern Barbarians, and the Assassin of Jingzhou, in order to make the foreign countries to help, worried about Taizu or not to employ people, so he had this grant. Elite soldiers and veteran generals are all matched, and the military resources are very rich.
In this regard, Liu Yilong showed superb political wisdom. The puppet emperor is weak and weak, and if he wants to regain power, he must only outwit him, it is best to let the powerful ministers be paralyzed first, and then secretly cultivate their own forces, only to wait for the opportunity to appear and take it in one fell swoop. On the contrary, if you do not measure up to your own strength and want to be tough, Cao Xian, a noble township official, is a vivid example.
Cao Xian
Liu Yilong, who had met Xu Xianzhi's and others' demands, made Xu Xianzhi a Situ, Fu Liangjia Kaifu Yi Tongsan Si, and Tan Dao Ji jia, a general of the Northern Expedition, agreed to Xie Han's request to go to Jingzhou to assassinate shi, hoping to temporarily appease these powerful ministers. However, Liu Yilong did not blindly give in, and also began to appoint his own cronies, and after he took the throne, he appointed Wang Hua and Wang Tanshou (the two were from brothers) as attendants, Wang Hua and others were all conglong heroes who had followed Liu Yilong from Jingzhou, as for why they were appointed, put it below.
Xie Han was originally a leading general, and now he was released as the Assassin of Jingzhou, and the position of leading general naturally needed to be taken over, Liu Yilong was willing to take over his own confidant General To Yanzhi, and Xu Xianzhi and others also expected that Liu Yilong would appoint Yanzhi, so they strongly recommended to Liu Yilong to appoint Yanzhi to Yongzhou Assassin History (the seat of government was in present-day Xiangyang, Hubei), but Liu Yilong resolutely refused Xu Xianzhi's proposal and insisted on summoning Yanzhi to beijing to succeed Xie Han as the leader of the central army. Liu Yilong could even give up his old lair Jingzhou to Xie Han, why did he not give in on this matter, because the leading general was in charge of the forbidden army of the palace, which was equivalent to saying that Liu Yilong's life was all in the hands of this person, if it were not for someone he trusted, Liu Yilong would never be at ease.
Northern Zhou Dynasty minister Yuwen Hu
The result of the confrontation was that Liu Yilong won and took control of the forbidden army. As powerful ministers, Did Xu Xianzhi and others not know the importance of controlling the forbidden army, and how could they be willing to hand over such an important position to others! The reasons are complex, but they can be broadly divided into two areas.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > iii, emperors and courtiers</h1>
Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and others were not qualified courtiers at all. What is called a power minister, of course, is a great power, and it can even depose the emperor at will. But the greater the power, the greater the risk, so since ancient times, if the powerful ministers want to not be overthrown, they must monopolize the power as much as possible and elevate the emperor, and this determines that the powerful ministers must not share power with others, so whether it is Huo Guang in the Western Han Dynasty or Ao Bai in the early Qing Dynasty, they all killed other auxiliary ministers on the way to power, and finally monopolized the power and decided independently.
Huo Guang stills
This is not because these powerful ministers have a dark heart, but because of the profession of powerful ministers, if there are many people, it is inevitable that there will be differences, and the light will be the mouth cannon, and the heavy will be the sword and the soldier, and they have to do this. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Lu once said: "One country and three dukes, who am I to obey?" And Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Xie Han, and Tan Daoji actually had four powerful ministers, and there were naturally differences among the powerful ministers, such as tan Daoji, the minister of gu orders, who was different from Xu Xianzhi and the other three in their attitudes in handling some major issues, for example, he did not advocate the killing of Liu Yizhen (Liu Yu's second son) the king of Luling.
Later, it was on the basis of this that Liu Yilong divided these powerful ministers and adopted Tan Daoji for his own use, Tan Daoji was the highest force value among the four powerful ministers, and his anti-water made Xu Xianzhi and others lose the possibility of armed confrontation, and later Xie Han rebelled against Jingzhou, that is, Tan Daoji and Zhiyan zhi were pacified. Even later, Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang and others wanted to give up their power in exchange for family preservation, but that was already impossible.
In short, the clique of power ministers led by Xu Xianzhi and others has never been able to complete the integration, and has elected a leading big brother, which has caused differences between all parties and different government decrees, providing a good opportunity for Liu Yilong to break them one by one. The reason why Xu Xianzhi and others failed to complete the integration was due to the internal restraint of various parties, which came from Liu Yu's dying layout, where the auxiliary ministers each held a part of the power, but no one could suppress everyone else. In addition, what is more important is external reasons, which is also the second reason why Liu Yilong can eliminate the power ministers.
The counterattack of the warrior door valve. Since the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the shi clan door valve gradually decayed and degenerated, losing the highest political power, after Liu Yu built the Song Dynasty, although the shi clan door valve was not willing, but because of its strength, it also had to submit to orders. However, the death of Liu Yifu and Liu Yilong's succession to the throne brought opportunities to the long-dormant Mengmen clan. Originally, Xu Xianzhi and others abolished and killed Liu Yifu, causing a sharp upheaval of the newly established Liu Song regime, if this could cause the collapse of Liu Song, then the Gate Valve Clan could take the opportunity to restore its glory in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but Liu Yilong succeeded to the throne, and Liu Song continued.
But this does not mean that the Door Valve Clan has no chance at all, and the contradiction between Xu Xianzhi and other powerful ministers and Emperor Liu Yilong makes them see hope, if they can help Liu Yilong to oust Xu Xianzhi and others from power, then they can replace Xu Xianzhi and others to take power (of course, this kind of power is under the control of the imperial power), which is a good deal. Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang and other powerful ministers have never been able to decide a leading big brother, it is because of the coercion of the door valve outside, except for Xie Han, who was born in Chen County, (so later chen county Xie clan collapsed in the Southern Dynasty), they were all from the cold door, and there was a natural contradiction with the door valve clan, if their infighting will definitely give the door valve clan a chance, so although there are contradictions between the powerful ministers, but for the sake of safety, for the time being, it is not possible to "take the outside must first be inside".
It's just that in this way, there is no main backbone inside, and there is a double pressure of the door valve clan and the imperial power outside, and this kind of power group will not last long. Remember the above-mentioned Wang Hua and Wang Tanshou, they are from the Langya Wang clan and are also representatives of the Gate Valve Clan, through them, Liu Yilong pulled most of the Door Valve Clan down to his side, and took advantage of the contradictions of Xu Xianzhi and others to slowly weaken their power.
The initial situation of Liu Yilong's succession
In the third year of Yuan Jia (426), the time for the final showdown came, and Liu Yilong announced that Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and Xie Han had killed the young emperor Liu Yifu and Liu Yizhen, and that Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang should be punished, and decided to personally recruit Xie Xie, ordering Liu Zhi of Yongzhou, Shi Tan Daoji of Southern Yanzhou, and Zhongling to send troops to Yanzhi first. Xu Xianzhi heard the news of suicide, Fu Liang was arrested and executed, and Xie Han sent troops to resist, but Zhitan Daoji assisted Liu Yilong in his crusade, and he was terrified and had no way to do anything, and soon Xie Han's army collapsed, and Xie Han tried to escape, but was captured and executed. In the early days of the Liu Song Dynasty, the once-prosperous clique of powerful ministers collapsed, and Liu Yilong also took the opportunity to take back the power.
Looking at the process of Liu Yilong's recovery of imperial power, it can be said that he is talented and strategic, but it is also caused by current events. Although Liu Yilong's political means are rich, if there is no special period of the Southern Dynasty, the existence of this special class of door valves, resulting in Xu Xianzhi and other powerful ministers from cold doors to throw rat taboos, Liu Yilong wants to take back the road to power would not be so good.
When Liu Yilong first arrived in Jiankang, Xu Xianzhi asked Fu Liang how he felt about Xinjun, and Fu Liang replied that he was above Emperor Wen of Jin and Emperor Jing of Jin. Xu Xianzhi said to Fu Liang, then Liu Yilong must be able to understand our intentions, and Fu Liang said a meaningful sentence " Not necessarily." The subsequent development was as predicted by Fu Liang.
After Liu Yilong came to power, due to the successive years of war and turmoil in the late years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the early years of the Liu Song Dynasty, the national strength of the Southern Dynasty continued to weaken, so Liu Yilong's first thing to do was to revitalize the Southern Dynasty.
References: Zizhi Tongjian, Book of Song, Book of Wei, History of the South, History of the North, Chancellor of Emperor Wen of Song and His Father Liu Yu (Tang Chunsheng)
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