Hanyin Copy 003rd Party - Riding Sima Yin
First, the story of riding Sima Ma
The Knight Sima is an officer position spanning multiple historical periods, belonging to the rank of lieutenant in the Seal of the 002nd Party Seal Colonel, and is a military officer in charge of cavalry, with a historical record of 5,000 soldiers who can command. However, due to the changes of the times, its position and role are constantly changing, and its role is different in different historical periods, stationed on the frontier and serving in the central army units. There is no information on the comparative system of riding Sima found, and the following are selected from several related stories before the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, and after the Han Dynasty (Three Kingdoms and western Jin), from which some traces of riding Sima can also be seen.
Before the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the Battle of Xiang Yuxia and the Wujiang Self-Destruction had the figure of Sima riding. In 202 BC, Xiang Yu's soldiers were defeated, and after the breakthrough siege, they were chased and killed by the Han general Dou Bao,leading the troops, and finally fled to the bank of the Wu River, where Xiang Yu led the remaining soldiers to dismount and fight, "killing hundreds of Han troops by the single family". After the fierce battle, the casualties of his soldiers were exhausted, and Xiang Yu himself was seriously injured, "his body was also wounded by more than ten wounds". At this time, Xiang Yu suddenly saw that there was an acquaintance in the Han army, named Lü Matong, whose position at that time was sima riding. Xiang Yu shouted, "If it wasn't for my ancestors?" Lü Matong was very ashamed and did not dare to face Xiang Yu squarely, he pointed at Xiang Yu and said to Wang Fei beside him: "This Wang Ye." At this time, Xiang Yu had already decided to end his life, and he said loudly to Lü Matong: "I have heard that Han bought me thousands of gold, Yi Wanhu, I am Ruode", and then killed himself. The leader of this Han army was Wang Feng, who received the first rank of Xiang Yu. Next, the other Han armies in order to compete for Xiang Yu's corpse, at the expense of swords and swords, "Yu Rode Xiang to trample on the King of Xiang, killing dozens of people", and finally "Langzhong rode Yang Xi, rode Sima Lü Matong, Langzhong Lü Sheng, Yang Wu each got one", that is to say, Xiang Yu's corpse was divided into five parts, these five people used Xiang Yu's corpse to ask Liu Bang for merit, Liu Bang did not renege on his word, and he made a marquis of these five people, and Lü Matong, whose official position was Sima at that time, was given the title of Marquis of Zhongshui.
During the Han Dynasty, the minority regimes in the north often fought wars with the Han Dynasty. In these wars, the figure of the horseman often appeared. Duan Xi (pronounced jiǒng) was a famous general in the Han Dynasty who suppressed the Qiang rebels, and in June of the first year of the Han Ling Emperor Jianning (168 AD), Duan Xi pursued the Qiang army to Zouma Shuishui and discovered that the Qiang army had reached Haoyanze (present-day northwest of Jingbian, Shaanxi), so Duan Xi led a light horse to ride day and night, and fought with the Qiang army at Su Yanze and broke the Qiang army. The remnants of the Qiang army marched towards Luochuan (about present-day Luohe, Shaanxi), and the Qiang army regrouped. Duan Xi sent Sima Tianyan to lead 5,000 horses from the east and the false Sima XiaYu to lead 2,000 horses from the west, while attacking the Qiang army. The Qiang army sent 7,000 horses to besiege Tian Yan, but was defeated by Tian Yan's army and retreated, Duan Xi led the army to chase Tian Yan fiercely, and fought and walked, to lingwu Valley (present-day northwest of Yinchuan, Ningxia), Duan Xi Phi armor first ascended, the local pawns did not dare to fall behind, the Qiang army under the fierce attack of the Han army, defeated and fled. Duan Xi led his army to pursue again, for three consecutive days and three nights, in July, to Jingyang (present-day Pingliangnan, Gansu), and the Qiangbu retreated into the valley of Hanyang (present-day Gangudong, Gansu), and after the war, Tian Yan was promoted from Sima to lieutenant of the Qiang Guards because of his merits.
Figure 1 Battle of Han and Qiang (Image from the Internet)
Han Jian provided rich materials for the study of the Tun bing system in the Han Dynasty, and some of the research results also involved the military system stationed in Tun such as Riding Sima and so on. Jia Yiping examined the tunbing system under the subordinates of the zhangye county's juyan and shoulder water departments in the "Examination of the Sima Class Officials Under the Jurisdiction of the Governor of Zhangye County in the Western Han Dynasty--The Tun Bing System under the Subordinates of the Governors of the Central Department of Zhangye Hanjian", and held that if there are cadres under the county, the administrative head of the department is the department lieutenant, the deputy of the ministry lieutenant is the department sima and if the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the ministry have a cavalry component, it is necessary to set up a cavalry to govern the cavalry. Combining the results of the above-mentioned other material research, it can be concluded that Sima Bu is the chief officer of the military of the Lieutenant of the Ministry, and his deputy is a false Sima and if there is a cavalry, then set up a riding Sima .
After the Han Dynasty, it entered the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties. Sima Wang's promotion and shogunate can also be seen in the figure of Sima Wang.
Sima Wang (205 – August 16, 271), courtesy name Chu, was a native of Wen County, Hanoi County (present-day Wen County, Jiaozuo, Henan), and the second son of Sima Fu the Prince of Anping. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Wei emperor Cao Xi worshipped him as a general of the Western Expedition and a governor of yongliang prefectures. During Sima Wang's eight years in office, Weihua Mingsu, before the Shu general Jiang Wei had invaded Guanzhong many times, after Sima Wang took office, set up various strategies to meet the enemy, so that Jiang Wei had no way to help, so he became a major general in Guanzhong, because of his merits in defending the territory, he entered the Marquis of Shunyang. Sima Wang was then conscripted back to the court, worshipped as a Wei general, and also served as the leader of the Central Army, in charge of the Janissaries, and then added a general to the Hui Dynasty, Kaifu, and soon after, Naidai He served as a Situ. During the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Wang usurped Wei, and Sima Wang was made the Prince of Yiyang, with 10,000 households and 2,000 troops. In September of the third year of the Tai Dynasty (267), he was also enfeoffed as a lieutenant and still served as the leader of the central army. There was one lieutenant in the military division, six in the military service, and five on horseback. Ten more officers were added, and the first thirty, false feathers, advocated. From Sima Wang's promotion experience, it can be seen that General Zhengxi was promoted to General Wei, and then added general of Hussar, and when he reached the Rankab general, he could open the palace, and he could configure the working team according to his own wishes. Then promoted to the rank of Situ, Taiwei, and Taiwei, the scale of the lower office is even larger, including one Taiwei Military Division, six military officers, and five Riding Sima people, on the basis of thirty officers and horses in front, an additional ten people are added, or when it comes to the level of Tai Wei, the official riding can reach the scale of forty people.
Analysis of the printing surface of the Riding Sima Seal
The riding sima seal is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Riding Sima Yin
From the perspective of calligraphy, among the four characters of this seal, there is a "horse" word in the riding word, and there is a single character "horse", and the two "horse" characters appear in the same printing surface, which is easy to form a feeling of stagnation and repetition. This square print is printed on the treatment of these two "horse" characters, mainly reflected in the horse "legs". The front legs of the word "horse" in the riding word are extended, while the front legs of the single "horse" word are convergent, stretching and retracting, forming a contrast and eliminating the sense of stagnation. This is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Comparison of changes in two horse characters
Because the above "riding" and "horse" two strokes are relatively dense, the overall formation of the upper and lower light layout, for this need to be stable chassis, "print" word up and down two parts, "claw" parts relative to the "卪" horizontal direction is slightly shorter, forming a short and long situation, even if the "print" word itself appears stable, but also on the upper two words play a more powerful visual effect.
Notice that the last stroke of the "yin" character has a small downward bend, which is characteristic of the seals of the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty, and gradually disappeared by the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In addition, the entire printing surface stroke is mainly rounded, which appears rounded and smooth.
From the perspective of chapters, a pattern of "three densities and one sparseness" has been formed, which is particularly reflected in the treatment of the word "division", and the lower mouth is contracted as much as possible to form three pieces of "leaving red" and increasing the vividness of the entire printing surface.
In addition, the horizontal expansion of the "卪" forms an interspersed relationship with the lower part of the Sizi, which is also to maintain the visual effect of maintaining the stability and sturdiness of the lower part.
The manuscript is engraved with stones and a knife
The method of writing the stone backwards is used to put the stone on the stone, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 Write the stone in reverse
In the process of playing the knife, computer picture processing software should be used to flip the sample printing horizontally, and make continuous adjustments with reference to the flipped printing. After the initial sample is carved, the printing surface can be blackened with a brush dipped in ink to prepare for the next step of printing. In the process of blackening, a relatively dry ink should be used, and the brush should be dipped in as little ink as possible to ensure that the ink does not penetrate into the notch that has been engraved. This is shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 5 Blackening after the initial engraving in preparation for printing
After the revision, the effect of the printing surface is shown in 6, and the printing of the plutonium is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 6 Printing surface effect
Fig. 7 Stamps out of the plutonium
Compared with the original print, the gap between the print out of the plutonium is still very large, mainly because the space occupied by the four is unbalanced, and the horizontal direction of the crosshair dividing the four words is not straight enough, and the accuracy of the stone on the printed manuscript should be strengthened. (End)