Three Characters of the Southern Song Dynasty · Wang Yinglin

In the beginning of man, nature is good. Sex is similar, habits are far away. Sex is not taught, sex is migratory. The way of teaching is expensive and specialized. Xi Mengmu, choose the neighbor. The child does not learn, the machine is broken. Dou Yanshan, there is a righteous party. Teach the five sons, and the fame is famous. It is the fault of the Father not to teach. The teaching is not strict, and the teacher is lazy. The child does not learn, it is not appropriate. Young do not learn, what is old. Jade is not thoughtful, not a tool. Man does not learn, he does not know righteousness. As the Son of Man, when the party is young. Dear teachers and friends, learn etiquette. Fragrant nine years old, can warm the seat. Filial piety to relatives, what should be done. Melting four years old, can make pears. Brother in chief, should be prophetic. The first filial piety, the second sight. Know a certain number, know a certain text. One and ten, ten and a hundred. Hundreds and thousands, thousands and thousands. The Three Talents, the Heaven and Earth People. The Three Lights, the Sun, Moon, and The Star. The Three Principles, the King's Righteousness. Father and son, husband and wife. Spring and summer, autumn and winter. At this four o'clock, the luck is not endless. North and south, west and east. This quartet should be in the middle. Water and fire, wood and gold earth. These five elements are numbers. Ten stems, A to decyl. Twelve branches, sons to the sea. The zodiac, the sun. Known as the equator, the middle power. Under the equator, extremely warm. I am Chinese, in the northeast. Known as the river, known as Huaiji. These four blasphemys, the Age of Water. Dai Hua, Song Heng Heng. This five mountains, the name of the mountain. Known as shi nong, known as industry and commerce. These four peoples are the good of the country. Ren Yi, Li Zhi Xin. These five constants are not to be disturbed. Born of the earth, there are grass and trees. This plant, all over the land and water. There are worms and fish, there are birds and beasts. This animal can fly away. Rice sorghum, wheat millet. These six grains are eaten by man. Horses, cattle and sheep, chickens and dogs. These six animals are fed by man. Joy and anger, sorrow and fear. Love and evil desires, seven emotions. Bluish yellow, and black and white. These five colors are recognizable by the eye. Sour and bittersweet, and spicy and salty. These five tastes are contained in the mouth. Burnt and fishy. This five smells, the nose smells. Clay leather, wood stone gold. Silk and bamboo, is eight tones. It is said that it is flat, and it is known that it is going in. These four sounds should be coordinated. Great-grandfather, father and body. Body and son, son and grandson. From the descendants to the Xuan Zeng. It is the Nine Tribes, the HumanIty. Father and son grace, husband and wife from. Brothers are friends, brothers are respectful. Elder and young, friends and friends. The king is respectful, and the subject is loyal. These ten righteousnesses are the same to all men. Don't disobey. Chopping together, big and small work. To the end of the hemp, five servings at the end. Reed Shot, Imperial Book Count. The ancient six arts, now do not have. Only calligraphy, all people obey. Both literate and literate. There are ancient texts, large and small seals. Follow the grass and not be chaotic. If you learn widely, you are afraid of its complexity. But slightly, I can know the original. Whoever is trained must be exquisite. Detailed exhortations, clear sentences to read. For a scholar, there must be a beginning. Elementary school to the end, to the four books. Analects, Twenty. Group of disciples, remember good words. Mencius, Seven Chapters. Speak of morality, speak of benevolence. Be moderate, think of the pen. It is not easy to be biased and mediocre. As a university, it is a great son. Self-cultivation, to Pingzhi. Filial piety is passed, and the four books are familiar. If the Six Classics are readable. Poetry book easy, ceremonial spring and autumn. The Six Sutras should be emphasized. There are mountains, and there are treasures. There are weeks and three easy details. There are scriptures, there are precepts. There is an oath, the mystery of the book. I am a weekly father, a weekly ceremony. He is the author of the six officials and the body of governance. Size wear, note etiquette. Tell the Holy Word, and prepare with joy. The national wind, the ya song. Four poems, when satirical. Poetry is dead, spring and autumn. Praise and denigration, do not be good or evil. Three-way bearer, there are rams. There is the Zuo clan and there is the gu liang. The scriptures are clear, and the square reads the son. Pick up what you want, remember what you want. The five sons have Xun Yang. Wen Zhongzi, and Lao Zhuang. Read the history of the scriptures. Examine the lineage, know the end. From Xi Nong to the Yellow Emperor. The Third Emperor, in the last world. Tang Youyu, the Second Emperor. Xiang Xiangxun is called the prosperous world. Xia youyu, Shang youtang. King Wu of Zhou, called the Three Kings. Xia Chuanzi, the family world. Four hundred years, the Summer Society. Tang Vaxia, the national name merchant. Six hundred years, to the death. King Wu of Zhou, the first emperor. Eight hundred years, the longest. Zhou Rudong, Wang Gang fell. Goggles, Still Lobbying. The beginning of the Spring and Autumn, the end of the Warring States. Five strong, seven males. Yin Qin clan, the beginning of the annexation. Chuan II, Chu Han Controversy. Gao Zuxing, Han Yejian. To Xiaoping, Wang Mang usurped. Guangwuxing, for the Eastern Han Dynasty. Four hundred years, finally dedicated. Wei Shu Wu, contending for Han Ding. The Three Kingdoms, up to the Two Jins. Song Qiji, Liang Chencheng. For the Southern Dynasty, the capital Jinling. Northern Yuan Wei, divided into east and west. Yuwen Zhou, with Gao Qi. To Sui, a tuyu. No more transmission, no more unity. Tang Gaozu, rebel division. Eliminate the Sui chaos and create a national foundation. Twenty passes, three hundred years. When Liang is destroyed, the kingdom is changed. Liang Tangjin, and Han Zhou. Called five generations, all have a reason. Yan Songxing, influenced by Zhou Zen. Eighteen, north and south. Liao and Jin are both called emperors. Yuan extinguished gold, absolutely Song Dynasty. Wide public opinion, ahead of the previous generation. Ninety years later, the country was abolished. Taizu Xing, Guo Daming. Hongwu, Dujinling. Chengzu moved to Yanjing. Sixteenth, to Chongzhen. Quan Emasculated, Kou Rulin. Li broke out and the artifact was burned. Ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Destiny. Jing Sifang, Ke Dading. By Kang Yong, Li Qianjia. The people are safe and prosperous, and the performance of the people is exaggerated. Between the salty and salty, it became chaotic. Beginning with England and France, disturbing the capital. After tongguang, Xuantong was weak. Chuan Jiu Emperor, Manchu Qing Dynasty. Revolution rises and the monarchy is abolished. Establish a constitution and establish the Republic of China. Ancient and modern history, all here. Carry the chaos, know the rise and fall. Although the history is complicated, I have read it once. History 1, Book of Han 2. Later Han III, Guozhi IV. And the scriptures, see the general commentary. History readers, examine the actual records. Through ancient and modern, if you see with your own eyes. Recite with the mouth, and chant with the heart. Towards Yus, Towards Yus. Xi Zhongni, Shi Xiangqiao. Ancient sages, shang diligent learning. Zhao Zhongling, read Lu Theory. He is both a scholar and a diligent worker. Woven with pup, cut bamboo. He has no books, and he knows. Head overhang, tapered strands. He does not teach, but is self-diligent. Like sac fireflies, like reflecting snow. Although his family was poor, he never dropped out of school. Such as negative salary, such as hanging horns. Although the body is laborious, it is still bitter. Su Laoquan, twenty-seven. Get angry and read books. He is old, but he regrets it late. Er Xiaosheng, it is advisable to think early. Ruo Lianghao, eighty-two. To the Great Court, Quedoz. He is established, and the multitude is different. Er Xiaosheng, Yi Lizhi. Ying is eight years old and can sing poetry. Seven years old, able to play chess. Pi Ying enlightenment, people are amazing. Learn from the young, and be effective. Cai Wenji, can distinguish the piano. Xie Daoyun, can chant. He is a woman, and intelligent. Er man, when self-vigilant. Tang Liuyan, Fang is seven years old. Raise up the prodigy and make the right words. Although Yan is young, he is already a man. If there is something to do, so to do so. Dog vigil, chicken morning. If you don't learn, you will be a human being. Silkworm spit silk, bees make honey. People don't learn, they're not as good as things. Young and learn, strong and walking. From the top to the king, down to the people. Fame and honor your parents. Light is in front, more than behind. Man's widow, Jin Man wins. I teach my son, the only scripture. Diligence is meritorious, drama is useless. Abstinence, it is advisable to work hard.

Translations

At the beginning of human birth, nature itself is good. Nature is also similar, but the environment in which they live and the education they receive are different, and their habits are very different. If you do not educate well from an early age, the good nature will become bad. In order to keep people from being bad, the most important way is to concentrate on educating children consistently. During the Warring States period, Mencius's mother moved three times in order to give Mencius a good learning environment. The child refused to study well, and Meng Mu broke the weaving machine to educate Mencius. In the fifth dynasty, Dou Yujun, a Yanshan man, had a great way of educating his sons, and the five sons he educated were very successful, and at the same time, they became famous. It is the fault of parents to simply provide food and clothing for their children without proper education. It's just education, but not strict requirements is the laziness of being a teacher. It is very undeserved for children to refuse to study well. If a person does not study well when he is a child, and when he is old, he neither understands the principles of being a man nor has knowledge, then it is difficult to make a difference when he is old. Jade is not polished and carved, and it will not become a beautiful artifact; and if people do not know how to learn and realize their own value with their own knowledge and skills, they will not understand etiquette and cannot become talents. As children, from a young age, they must be close to teachers and friends, so that they can learn a lot of etiquette and knowledge of how to behave. Huang Xiang, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, knew how to honor his father when he was nine years old and warm his bed. Every filial piety to one's parents should be practiced and emulated. When Kong Rong was four years old in the Han Dynasty, he knew that giving up large pears to his brother to eat, this kind of respect and fraternity for his brother, is what everyone should know from an early age. Those who are anxious to be the first in life are no greater than filial piety, and secondly, they see more things in the world, so as to know more about them, to hear more about the ancient and modern principles, and to broaden their learning. Knowing the number of ten million is a certain number, and knowing the things of the ancient and modern sages is a certain text. China uses the decimal arithmetic method: one to ten is the basic number, then ten ten is one hundred, ten hundred is one thousand, ten one thousand is ten thousand... It keeps changing. The three talents refer to the three aspects of heaven, earth, and man. The three rays are the sun, the moon, and the stars. The Three Principles are the three codes of conduct that should be observed in the relations between people, the words and deeds of the king and his courtiers should be righteous, the parents and children should love each other, and the husband and wife should live in harmony. Spring, summer, autumn and winter are called the four seasons. The seasons are constantly changing, spring to summer, autumn to winter, and so on, never stopping. South, north, west and east, called "four squares", refers to the positions of each direction. These four directions must have a central position corresponding to each direction. Water, fire, wood, gold, and earth are called the "five elements." This is an abstract concept used in ancient China to refer to various things in the universe, which is based on the five numbers and combinations of one, two, three, four, and five. "Ten branches" refers to A, B, C, D, E, hex, Geng, Xin, nong, 癸, also known as "Tiangan"; "twelve branches" refers to zi, ugly, yin, 卯, 辰, 巳, noon, wei, Shen, 酉, 戌, 海, also known as "earth branch". The ecliptic refers to the trajectory of the sun's travels, and the equator refers to the plane on which the earth is located. In the equatorial region, the temperature is the highest, the climate is particularly hot, and the temperature gradually decreases from the equator to the north and south. We in China are located in the northeast of the earth. China's direct flow into the sea are the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, as well as the Huai River and the Jishui River, these four major rivers are representative of China's rivers. Mount Tai in the East, Mount Song in the Middle Of the HuaShan in the West Yue, HengShan in the South, and Hengshan in the North are the five famous mountains in China, called the "Five Mountains", which are the representatives of the great mountains of China. Intellectuals, peasants, workers and businessmen, known as the "Four Peoples", are indispensable pillars of the state and an important part of society. Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, and faith are called the "five constants", and these five unchanging laws are the standards for handling things and behaving, and everyone should abide by them, and must not neglect them. There are flowers and trees growing on the earth, and these are plants, which are everywhere on land and in water. Insects, fish, birds, and beasts are animals, and some of these animals can fly in the sky, some can walk on land, and some can swim in the water. Rice, millet, beans, wheat, corn, and sorghum are the "six grains", which are important foods in daily life. Among the animals are horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs, and pigs, which are called "six animals." These animals and a sample of six grains are wild. Later, after being gradually domesticated by people, it became a necessity for human daily life. Happiness is called joy, anger is called anger, sadness is called sorrow, fear is called fear, the heart likes to be called love, hate is called evil, the heart is very greedy is called desire, and together they are called "seven emotions". These are the seven emotions that are born. Cyan, yellow, red, black and white, these are the five colors in the ancient Chinese tradition of the five elements, which people can recognize with the naked eye. Sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty, called the "five tastes", are the tastes that we can distinguish with our mouths. The smell of lamb, burnt, aroma, fishy and decaying, called the "five odors", is the smell that can be smelled by the nose. Melon, clay, leather, wood, stone, metal, silk thread and bamboo, called "eight tones", were the materials used by ancient Chinese people to make musical instruments. Flat, up, going, and in, are called "four tones", and the use of the four tones must be harmonious in order to make people feel comfortable. Great-grandfathers give birth to great-grandfathers, great-grandfathers give birth to grandfathers, grandfathers give birth to fathers, fathers give birth to themselves, sons give birth to their own sons, and sons give birth to grandchildren. His own sons and grandchildren are followed by great-grandchildren and great-grandsons. From the great grandfather to the great grandson called the "Nine Tribes". These "nine ethnic groups" represent the order of the elderly and the inferior and the inheritance of family lineage. Fathers and sons should pay attention to mutual affection, the feelings between husband and wife should be harmonious, the brother should be friendly to the younger brother, and the younger brother should be respectful to the older brother. The interaction between the old and the young should pay attention to the order of the elderly and the young; friends should talk about each other's credibility. If the monarch could respect his subjects, the officials would be loyal to him. The "Ten Righteousnesses" mentioned earlier: Fatherly Kindness, Filial Piety, Husband Harmony, Wife Shun, Brotherhood, Brotherhood, Brotherhood, Friendship, King's Respect, and Loyalty are the same for everyone, and everyone should obey them, and must not be violated. Slashing, Qi, Dagong, Xiaogong, and Miaoma, known as the "Five Costumes", are the five kinds of filial piety worn by different people in ancient Chinese relatives when they died. Etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic, known as the "six arts", are the six skills that ancient readers had to learn, and these six skills have not been able to be possessed by anyone at the same time. In the "Six Arts", only calligraphy is still respected by everyone in today's society. When a person knows the words, he can study the "Explanation of Words", which is helpful for the study of advanced learning. The order in which the ancient script first, then the large seal, the small seal, and the cursive script followed must be clearly recognized and must not be confused. If you want to learn knowledge extensively, it is really not easy, and you can't start, but if you can do general research, you can still understand many basic truths. All teachers who teach children who have just entered school must explain every word clearly, explain every sentence clearly, and enable students to know how to break sentences when they read. As a scholar, in the early stage of study, lay a good foundation and learn the knowledge of primary school thoroughly, you can read the "Four Books". The book "Analects" has a total of twenty articles. It is a book about Confucius's disciples, as well as the disciples' disciples, that records Confucius's remarks. The book "Mencius" was written by Meng Ke and is divided into seven parts. The content is also a statement about the cultivation of character, the promotion of moral benevolence and other good virtues. The person who created the book "Zhongyong" is Zi Si, that is, Kong Ling, "Zhong" is the meaning of impartiality, and "Yong" is the unchanging meaning. The person who created the book "University" was Zeng Zi, who proposed to cultivate oneself and the family first in order to govern the country and the world. Only by understanding the principles of the Filial Piety Sutra and reading the four books well can we begin to study such a profound book as the Six Classics. "Poetry", "Book", "Yi", "Ritual", "Spring and Autumn", plus "Music" called "Six Classics", which is an important classic of ancient Chinese Confucianism and should be read carefully. "Lianshan", "Guizang", and "Zhou Yi" are three books in ancient China, these three books are collectively called "Three Easys", and "Three Easys" are books that use the form of "Gua" to explain the truth of the cyclical changes of everything in the universe. The first canon is the basic principle of the founding of the country; the second mo, that is, the plan of governing the country; the three precepts, that is, the attitude of the ministers; the four precepts, that is, the announcement of the monarch; the five oaths, the proclamation of the army; and the six lives, the orders of the monarch, which are the main contents of the Book of Books. Zhou Gong wrote the Zhou Li, which recorded the official system of the six palaces and the composition of the state at that time. Dai De and Dai Sheng, compiling and annotating the Book of Rites, and narrating and expounding the writings of the sages, made future generations aware of the canonical system of the previous generations and the situation with regard to liturgy. "National Style", "Daya", "Xiaoya", "Ode", collectively known as the Four Poems, it is a kind of poetry with rich content and deep feelings, which is worth reciting. Due to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the book of poetry was also snubbed, so Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn", in which he implied praise and criticism of realpolitik and the distinction between good and evil acts of various countries. The three transmissions are the "Ram Biography" written by Yang Gao, the "Zuo Zhuan" written by Zuo Qiuming, and the "Gu Liang Biography" written by Gu Liangchi, which are the books that explain the "Spring and Autumn". The scriptures are all well read and then read the Book of Sons. The sub-books are complex, and it is necessary to choose the more important ones to read, and to remember the cause and effect of each thing. The five sons refer to Xunzi, Yangzi, Wenzhongzi, Laozi and Zhuangzi. The books they write are called sub-books. After reading the scriptures and the sub-books, when reading the history books and reading the history books, we must examine the lineage of each dynasty and generation, understand the reasons for their prosperity and decline, and then learn lessons from history. From the Fuxi clan and the Shennong clan to the Yellow Emperor, posterity honored them as the "Three Emperors", and these three emperors of the ancient era were able to work diligently and love the people and be very great. After the Yellow Emperor, there were two emperors, Tang Yao and Yu Shun, who were honored by posterity as "Second Emperor", and Yao considered his son to be unworthy