▲Qing Zhou Hao Bamboo stone figure bamboo pen holder
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jiading's economy prospered and its humanities gathered, becoming a splendid pearl in Jiangnan and an important town of Wu culture. A large number of literati and scholars are active in this paradise, including local and foreign artists, many of whom pay attention to and participate in Jiading bamboo carving. The intervention of literati and scholars, the mutual penetration of literati and bamboo people, has enhanced the cultural taste of bamboo carving, expanded the influence and popularity of bamboo carving, and played an immeasurable role in the aesthetic value and development trend of bamboo carving in Jiading and the formation of bamboo people's cultural character.
▲Qing Zhou Hao Bamboo stone figure pen holder Shanghai Museum collection
Among the many literati and scholars, Cao Shizhong and Lu Shen were the first to influence Jiading bamboo carving.
Cao Shizhong was a native of Huating County, Songjiang Province (present-day Songjiang District, Shanghai). Ming Chenghua jinshi, official to Zhejiang according to the deputy envoy. He was a famous calligrapher of the time, a seal scholar, a seal, and a poet. His calligraphy imitates Huai Su and Song Ke, and in his later years he became refined. When he was a teenager, Zhu He studied seal engraving with Cao Shizhong, "the secret of the miao seal that is not passed on" (Lü Shunxiang's "Bamboo Carvings in Jiading").
Cao Shizhong and Lu Shen were literary friends, and Zhu He often followed Cao Shizhong in and out of Lu Shen's house, and was introduced by Lu Shen as a confidant.
▲ Lu Shen image
Lu Shen, a native of Shanghai County, Songjiang Province (present-day Nanshi District, Shanghai), was a talented man, 24 years old Zhongxi Yuan (the first person in the township examination) and 28 years old Zhongchuan Qi (a second-class jinshi). Later, he served as the editor of the Hanlin Academy, the guozi supervisor of the wine, the envoy of the Sichuan cloth, the tai changqing and the attendant of the bachelor. Because of his profound knowledge, he once preached for the Jiajing Emperor. Lu Shen is proficient in poetry, the article has the charm of the Six Dynasties sketches, the calligraphy is extremely powerful, the calligraphy imitates Zhao Mengfu; the calligraphy, cursive calligraphy patriarchal Law Li Yong, has a beautiful charm. In the eighteenth year of Jiajing (1539), the 63-year-old Lu Shen returned to his hometown and built a "Korakuen" in Pudong, where he promoted the prize and was full of high friends, and Zhu He was one of them. Lu Shenfu collects a large number of Song, Yuan, and Ming paintings, and often shows his friends how to play, which opens Zhu He's eyes and has a profound impact on Zhu He's life.
In addition, Shen Ling, a Ming Dynasty dramatist who was with Zhu He, not only knew Zhu He well, but also had a certain influence on Zhu He. Shen Ling has long lived in the ancient town of Anting in western Jiading. He was born to be a wanderer, good at calligraphy and painting, working on poetry, and especially fine music. Legend has it that the Zhengde Emperor once wanted to be given an official position because he was good at composing opera scripts, but Shen Lingjian resigned. Shen Ling is Zhu He's close friend in Jiading, and the two often meet, have similar temperaments and smell the same. At Zhu He's request, Shen Ling wrote an article for Zhu He, "Zhu SongLin", which described the common breath of the two people, and also recorded the origin of Zhu He's name, "Song Lin". These are the earliest documents of the historical materials of bamboo carvings in Jiading.
▲Ming Zhu He, Song Crane pen holder, Collection of Nanjing Museum
The earliest literati to establish a biography of the bamboo people was Xu Xuemo, who was from the same village as Zhu Miao, and was 1 year younger than Zhu Miao. Xu Xuemo was a 28-year-old zhongjinshi who served as the prefect of Jingzhou, the prefect of Nanyang, and the governor of Huguang, and until the time of the Punishment Department and the Rebbe Shangshu. Xu Xuemo was a famous writer of the Ming Dynasty, who was good at poetry, and was called "the giant hand of production" at the time.
▲Portrait of Xu Xuemo
Xu Xuemo and Zhu Yi were close friends, had close contacts, often answered poems and sang harmony, and expected each other morally. Zhu Yi died in September of the fifteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1587), while Xu Xuemo was 66 years old at the time, still alive, and was returning to his hometown. Xu Xuemo wrote the "Epitaph of Zhu Yinjun" for Zhu Miao, which is an extremely important article, which not only vividly describes Zhu Miao's achievements and temperament preferences, but also clearly provides the year of Zhu Miao's birth and death and the place of burial. After writing the "Epitaph of Zhu Yinjun", Xu Xuemo felt that his intentions were still unfinished, and he wrote the "Tribute to Zhu Yinjun Wen", which was full of emotions and rich in emotion, and Xu Xuemo called Zhu Yi's bamboo carving "brilliant and ingenious, and the work made the ghost frightened". Just a month after Zhu Miao's death, the chrysanthemums were in full bloom, the autumn mood was getting stronger, and it was the ninth and ninth yang, Xu Xuemo thought of his deceased friend Zhu Miao, at this time Zhu Miao's coffin had been more than a month old, and he couldn't help but weep and composed a poem "September Remembers Zhu Yinjun":
Zhijun lay steadily practicing Tang yun,
The yellow flowers are fragrant on this day.
Underground Ho once made a heavy nine,
Holding a cup that doesn't have to think about jun?
A long feeling of longing jumped on the paper.
▲Ming Zhu Miao Liu Ruan into the rooftop aromatherapy tube Shanghai Museum collection
Lou Jian, one of the "Four Gentlemen of Jiading", also has a close relationship with the bamboo people. Lou Jian was a Ming Wanli Gongsheng, with excellent poetry and literature, especially proficient in calligraphy, called "the world is wonderful". Lou Jian is 24 years younger than Zhu Yan, and the two are also friends. Zhu Yan greatly appreciated Lou Jian's studiousness and personality, "with little friends to receive", the young Lou Jian often went to Zhu Jian's house to ask for advice. Thirty years after Zhu Yan's death, Lou Jian wrote the article "Biography of His Former Friend Mr. Zhu Qingfu" in an affectionate tone, which described the deep affection of the two. Lou Jian went to Zhu Miao's house, "Whenever he slammed the door, he would sit and move his eyes, and look around the room, the walls and windows, all of which were the happy words of the ancients." In the exchange, Zhu Yan did not think of herself as an elder, and handed over her paintings to Lou Jian for evaluation. In Lou Jian's poetry collection "Wu Wei Xiaocao", there is a seven-piece poem "Inscription Painting gift to Zhu Xiaosong Yinjun":
Rotten peach with water stream,
Lone pine falls for a few winters and springs.
Red Fang easy to rest quiet old,
The white-eyed cup is proud of the world.
Lou Jian used the metaphor of Gu Song to zhu miao, and with "white eyes to hold the cup", he proudly looked up to the world and praised Zhu Miao's personality and conduct, and the metaphor was appropriate and did not show a trace.
▲ Lou Jian statue
Li Liufang, another scholar and scholar in the "Four Gentlemen of Jiading", was not only friendly with the bamboo people, but also participated in the carving of bamboo himself. Li Liufang is a person of the Ming Wanli Calendar, and his books, paintings, poems, texts, and prints are all exquisite. Li Liufang carved bamboo to imitate the Style of Zhu He, but there are very few surviving works, and the Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, contains Li Liufang's "Xingcao Su Shi Zi "Butterfly Love Flower" Arm Rest". Judging from the "Pengzi" of the year, it should be the sixteenth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1588), when Li Liufang was 14 years old, which was Li Liufang's early works. The Li family has a deep relationship with the bamboo carved Zhu family. Li Liufang's nephew Li Yizhi, late Ming Xiucai, is also a well-known literati with excellent poetry, Li Yizhi and Zhu He's grandson Zhu Zhizheng (Sansong) are friends, Zhu Zhizheng once designed Li Yizhi's private garden Guyi Garden, making Guyi Garden a famous garden in Jiangnan.
▲ Ming Li Liufang Xingcao Su Shi zi "Butterfly Love Flower" arm rest Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion Collection
Mr. Jiading Iv
From the Wanli to Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, there were four literati and scholars, namely Tang Shisheng, Lou Jian, Li Liufang, and Cheng Jiaxuan. They gave up the imperial examination, desperately advanced, loved literature and art, and wandered between landscapes and gardens. They can all be good at writing and painting, and Li Liufang and Lou Jian can also carve bamboo. Cheng Jiaxuan, Li Liufang and Dong Qichang are known as the "Nine Friends in the Painting".
Wang Shizhen, a famous scholar of the Ming Dynasty who was one of the "Seven Sons of the Later Seven", also had a close relationship with Zhu Miao, and Wang Shizhen, who was also the official Shangshu of the Punishment Department and the lord of the literary circles, greatly appreciated Zhu Shizhen, a commoner, and when Wang Shizhen learned that Zhu Miao had abandoned his family and wandered to a foreign county in order to escape the unwarranted persecution of Shao Yiben in Zhixian County, he personally came forward to mediate for Zhu Miao, and finally calmed the situation. Afterwards, Zhu Yan was grateful for Wang Shizhen's help and gave Wang Shizhen a pair of jade bottles in return. Wang Shizhen was very happy and gave it a poem, including "He Yang went away in the middle of the night, and reported the double jade bottle at the head of the bed." ”
▲ Statue of Wang Shizhen
At the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was a time of great historical turmoil of "wind and rain, chickens singing", and the literati doctors of Jiading experienced and felt the changes of this era of collapse. Wang Taiji, Zhao Hongfan, Lu Yuanfu, Su Yuan, and the Taicang poet Wu Meicun gathered in the garden of Hou Ji (son of Hou Qizeng, the anti-Qing Zhishi Hou QiZeng) in Jiading Dongcheng, the Hall of the Bright Moon, the gathering of friends of the han years, and the bamboo carved poetry tube that Hou Kun had handmade, passing on the thoughts of the homeland, and the poems and poetry tubes can be called double bi. Hou Kunzeng, the character Jin zhan, the brother of the anti-Qing Zhishi Hou Zhi Zeng, after the death of the Ming Dynasty, as a relict of the people, after years of not entering the city, immersed in carving bamboo, will be full of sorrow and anger into bamboo carving, the style is ancient and elegant, he is particularly good at carving poetry tubes, and later the poetry barrel collection has become a fashion of the literati collection. Poetry tubes also became the most important varieties of bamboo carving art at that time.
▲Ming Hou Kun Zeng Bamboo carving bamboo forest Seven Sages pen holder Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion Collection
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the famous scholar Qian Daxin and the bamboo man Zhou Hao became friends for a long time, and continued the friendship between the literati and the bamboo people. Zhou Hao is 43 years older than Qian Daxin, but he likes Qian Daxin very much, and the two have exchanged the art of bamboo carving, which has also triggered Qian Daxin's strong interest in bamboo carving. After Zhou Hao's death, Qian Daxin was extremely sad, recalled his deep friendship with Zhou Hao, and wrote the article "Biography of Zhou Shanren", leaving a vivid and detailed biography of Zhou Hao.com. Under the influence of Qian Daxin, his protégé Jin Yuanjue spent his life compiling the book "Bamboo People". This book is the first comprehensive account of the history of the letters of the Bamboo People of Jiading, and has irreplaceable documentary value. Qian Daxin's son-in-law Qu Zhongrong is a talented person who is good at calligraphy and painting seal carving, because of the influence of Qian Daxin, he is also fascinated by bamboo carving, he carved bamboo by the method of engraving seals, and the works have a strong taste of gold and stone.
▲Qian Daxin statue
In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the relationship between bamboo people and literati was closer, and there was a tendency to integrate with each other. Qianlong Jinshi Zhang Chendian was proficient in bamboo carving, and the pen holder he made was profoundly hollowed out and extremely skillful. In the late Qing Dynasty, Cheng Tinglu and Cheng Zuqing were both good at calligraphy and painting seal carving, and they were also good at bamboo carving. The Jiading Bamboo Carving Museum has Cheng Tinglu's "Song Fengqin Fun Diagram Arm Rest", which is ancient and concise, and has a great literary pen and ink charm. Xiucai Zhao Dingkui, Zhou Cixian, etc. are all well-known bamboo carving masters.
▲Qing Cheng Ting Lu Song Organ Fun Chart Arm Shelf Jiading Museum Collection
By the time of the Republic of China, although bamboo carving had declined, there were still many literati and scholars who participated in bamboo carving, and the legacy of the wind was endless from generation to generation. For example, in case of Peng, who is good at calligraphy and painting, is also good at bamboo carving, the engraved "bamboo leaf network weft pen holder" is hidden in the Jiading Bamboo Carving Museum, and Mr. Hu Weiwen, a sage of Jiading Township, once wrote a long passage of text in the pen holder, calling it "magnificent and ancient, elegant and vulgar." Although Hu Weiwen and Hu Shu Chang Kunzhong were already modern intellectuals, they also loved bamboo carving, and when they were young, they also carved bamboo by themselves, and later they were very concerned about the bamboo carving cause in Jiading, and shouted for the inheritance and revitalization of jiading bamboo carving. Until his later years, Hu Shuchang also donated several pieces of bamboo carvings to the Jiading Museum, which have become the treasures of the jiading bamboo carving museum today.
Qing Zhou Hao Song Gu Yun Quan Figure Bamboo Pen Holder
Qing Zhou Hao Bamboo Stone Hanquan Figure Pen Holder (pair)
▲Republic of China Wan Yi Peng Bamboo leaf weft pen holder Jiading Museum collection
▲Republic of China Wan Yi Peng Bamboo leaf weft pen holder back Jiading Museum collection
▲ Hu Weiwen carved an inscription for Jiading bamboo
Excerpted from "Sea Stunts - Jiading Bamboo Carving Art"
Author: Tao Jiming