Author Xu Jiangwei authorized the release
The Scythians, the protagonists and masters of the steppes of Central Asia from the 8th to the 3rd century BC, extended from the steppes of southern Russia to Ordos in Inner Mongolia, and established many nomadic states. The so-called "Scythian art" mainly refers to the belt buckle made of bronze or gold with the theme of beast fighting, and they are used to using belt buckles to reflect their identity like the Huns.
This "Scythian" title was written by the ancient Greeks, Romans, and ancient Iranians in many languages, and has two pronunciations, Scythians and Skoutha, both of which mean "dog".
First, let's look at the "Scythians", which consists of three syllables of S--qi--tai, the standard pronunciation is "Schitai", and the suffix "-tai" indicates the plural, because it is a family name, a collection of tribes.
Notice that this "siqi" is the result of the honorific pronunciation of "its", prefixed with "s-". This is common in Tibetan, such as the Tibetan father, where the common word is called "baa" and the honorific word is pronounced "sba" (sba).
The core word of this family name is "qi", and the original Tibetan meaning is dog, indicating that they call themselves "dog people", and "inuyasha" is also.
The French historian Ali Mazzahiri's Silk Road: A History of Sino-Persian Cultural Exchange also says that the ancient Qiang, Fox, and Tubo people all had dog totems, believing that their ancestors were two white dogs, and that ancient Iranians had similar beliefs, according to the rules of Oshekin grammar (Basic Grammar of the Iranian Language, Volume 1, Ossekin entry), "Scythian" means "dog", which is a plural form of Serbian or Cypriot words. He added: "We have every reason to believe that the Sassanid Persians also belonged to the Scythian race. ”
The family name is also recorded as Skouthia, pronounced "Skoutai". It is another way of reading "dog" in the ancient Qiang Tibetan language. The Naxi language used to call dogs "ko" (kou), and the prefix "s-" became "Skoutai".
There are also historical records that the Scythians called themselves "Skolotoi", which is also an honorific pronunciation, and the meaning remains unchanged. Just after "Sikou" is embellished with "Lü", the names in the Chinese history books "Yiwu Lu, Mu Bone Lu, Bo Ji Lie, Ye Lu, Shu Lu, Kublai Khan" and so on, all come from this way.
Tracing the history of the name "ko", it can be traced back to the third ranked "Emperor Zhao" in the "Five Emperors", and the "Historical Records" record that he was the co-father (half-brother and son) of Shang "Qi" and Zhou "Abandoned", and Di Zhao was also the direct ancestor of the Chu people. This "喾" is in the "Wobu" of the "Guangyun", noted: "Oh, bitter and fertile." It is pronounced "ko" (mouth), which is the naxi pronunciation of "dog"!
Herodotus' History records that there were at least five Scythian tribes in the steppes of Central Asia, and their chiefs at all levels were hereditary. Their custom was that every spring the heads of the various tribes gathered in the royal court to decide on important matters. They are people who live by war, all are soldiers, and they are proud to die in battle. The Scythians were characterized by wearing pointed top hats, leather boots, leather pants, and bows and arrows, daggers, and tomahawks. On the battlefield, the habit is this: they will drink the blood of the first enemy killed in battle. Just take the head of the enemy to the king, you can get a share of the loot, otherwise you will get nothing. They cut the head of the enemy in a circle along the two ears, pulled the hair to peel off the scalp, scraped off the flesh attached to the skin with the ribs of the ox, and then softened the scalp with their hands, and then saved it as a hand towel, or hung it on the horse on which they were riding to boast that whoever had the most such a scalp hand towel was considered to be the bravest man. They also have the custom of sawing skulls off to make drinkers. After the king's death, 50 guards were killed for burial, and a large number of horses, hundreds, were buried with him. The tombs of nobles will be buried with a large number of gold, silver, copper, and pottery utensils, and the tombs of ordinary people are simple. All of these are the characteristics of the Xiongnu in the Han historical records.
The Scythians worshipped fire, and there was a fire god named "Ajani". This "qi" means "tengu, god dog" in Tibetan. Therefore, it is speculated that there is some connection with the Naxi myth that "dogs steal fire from heaven for humans". And in ancient Xinjiang, there was an ancient country called "Aqini", also known as "Wuqi", located in the area of present-day Yanqi County, Xinjiang.
The Scythians' gold belt buckles, with motifs of dogs (wolves) and deer, may be a portrayal of the origin story of their ancestors.
The Achaemenid dynasty (550 BC – 330 BC), known as the "First Persian Empire" (the Second Empire was the Sassanid Empire), western historians used to call it "the first great empire in human history", and the founder was called "Cyrus", but this pronunciation is problematic.
Cyrus (cyrus; ancient Greek Κρος), the standard pronunciation is "its rus". According to the Harmony of Altaic vowels, "qi-lu" is indeed an inflection, pronounced "qii-lu" or "qe-lu", but not "ju-lu". The suffix "-s" is denoted plural because it is a common title of the royal family. This "Qilu" in the ancient Tibetan language means "dog dragon".
He has a birth story similar to that of the Zhou people's ancestor "abandoned". He was originally a prince of persia, but he was abandoned into the wilderness by a bad omen, fed by a dog, and was able to die.
The Iranian plateau before the birth of Cyrus was the domain of the Medes, and the Persian state was only a vassal state of the Medes. The Medes married their daughter to the King of Persia. In the military alliances of ancient nomads, the relationship between monarchies and vassals was usually maintained by marriage. For example, in the "Yi Tai Gua", there is a record of "Emperor Yi returning to his sister", in order to bind and co-opt King Wen of Zhou, Emperor Yi married his sister to him, but in the end, he could not avoid the fate of being replaced.
The same was true of this Medes. Herodotus's "History" records that the Medes had a nightmare after marrying his daughter, dreaming that a vine grew in her daughter's belly, growing larger and larger, covering the whole of Asia Minor. The king was horrified, knowing that this was a bad omen, foreshadowing that the nephew born to his daughter would take away his throne and become the new overlord of Asia Minor. In order to prevent bad luck from happening, the king decided to kill his nephew as soon as he was born. He entrusted the task to a close minister. But after the baby was born, the minister did not dare to do it himself, and handed the baby to a shepherd, who ordered him to abandon the wilderness and let the baby die on his own. But Cyrus was fed by a dog and was able to not die, and when he grew up, he defeated and captured his grandfather and replaced him as King of the Medians.
The history books make it clear that the Cyrus tribes were not indigenous peoples on the Iranian plateau, they were foreign invaders, they first established a foothold in the "Madi" in the eastern part of the plateau, consolidated their rule for eight years, continued to move west to replace the rule of the Medians, and finally established a large empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. So this is a story of "attachment first, substitution" that takes place in Central Asia.
The Old Testament book of Isaiah also says that Cyrus was god Jehovah "brought from the land of the rising sun." The Iranian plateau is not the "land of the sunrise" in the Jewish conception. Archaeology shows that the Persian Empire has always had a phenomenon of mass burial, which is also the information of its national background and true source.
The history books also record that "Cyrus liked to invite guests to his tent, and he entertained guests, eating the same meat at any time." "It's just that without adding any spices, boiling in water, it comes out of the pot and breaks the meat by hand." It is very similar to their later account of Genghis Khan.
Achaemenid for "Ache" means "divine dog" in Tibetan. "Meni" should be a phonetic pronunciation of "Muni", meaning "heavenly man, king man". In ancient times, Yin Mountain was called "Muni Mountain". The suffix "de" means "big" and also means that it is a proper noun, which is very common in Tibetan.
This can explain why the scope of "Qin" is so large. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records that the Caucasus region west of the Caspian Sea also had a country called "Great Qin", and "the place is thousands of miles, there are more than 400 cities, and dozens of small state servants ... Its people are all grown up and upright, similar to China. That is, among the nobles of the Great Qin State, the Mongol race characteristics are obvious, and the Indo-European race (Caucasian race) has few characteristics.
Since Central Asia is also a place of migration and spread of ancient Qiang-Tibetan nomads, this can explain why the excavated cultural relics there have many similarities with the Chinese civilization, which is caused by primitive Bonism and has homologous branches, rather than the result of the western transmission of the Central Plains civilization.
Figures:
A bronze sacrificial platform plate found near the site of the ring trench settlement in the Gongnais River Valley in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang, is 31 cm high and 28 cm in diameter. Inside there are three sacred pillars of fire with Zoroastrian characteristics, and there are 16 sacred dogs on the edges, which is a reflection of the concept of "dog ancestors" of the settlement tribe.
The sacred dog has the horns of a cow on its head, but it is still a dog and not a cow.
Only a dog can raise its head so high and roll up its tail. There are also gifted artifacts such as grain and fire on the back of the shoulders.
The silver cup excavated from the Karashamb cemetery in kotek province in central Armenia may be a relic of the Great Qin State. The reliefs are intricate and depict a grand scene of sacrifice, with a dog at the center, and everything revolves around the dog.
Silver cup relief unfolded. This dog, which is the central figure, also has a sacred object on its back, which is a reflection of the ancestor concept of the tomb owner's tribe and the dog worship customs.