Chen Hua picked up historical events
Almost at the same time as the chariot of the State of Qi rushed into the clouds, the State of Qin, which Confucius did not dare to go to the west, also ushered in a stormy and profound change of law, and since then the Qin people have been nirvana, washed their hearts and changed their faces, and under the strong stimulation of military heroes, they sang the battle song "No Clothes", and with the momentum of "blood does not dry out, death does not truce", it opened a great war of annihilation that encompassed the four seas and annexed the eight wildernesses, and China's history has since entered a new period. Compared with the deep transformation method of the Qin Kingdom, the surgical transformation of the King of Qi Wei was simply weak. The big boss of the Qin State's change of law is the pig's foot Qin Xiaogong of this article.
Duke Xiao of Qin (381 BC to 338 BC), the Book of Yue Jie wrote that The King of Qin Ping (should be called the Queen of Qin Hui's pursuit of her father), the surname of Qin, the Zhao clan, the name Qu Liang, the descendants in order to distinguish it from the Zhao surname of the Zhao State, called it Yingqu Liang (this is not in line with the pre-Qin men to be called by the surname, women by the surname, anyway, the Qin people in history are not good, and no one came out to correct the mistakes). He reigned for 24 years, and his main merit was the implementation of the law by the full-time Shang Martingale, which laid the foundation for the unification of the Qin state.
Master Wei to master the skills to control Wei
Since the State of Qin was enthroned as the Duke of Xiang, because it was located in the western region, Rong Di was mixed, and there was no war every day, the monarch of the Qin State had many battles and battlefields, and the Qin people had also developed a bloodthirsty and martial spirit. Although the State of Qin once dominated during the reign of Mu Gong, after all, it was surrounded by strong enemies and backward in system, so its development was slow, especially so that the princes of the Central Plains looked down on it. The once-rising strong neighbor Wei Guo was even more eager to eat, constantly encroaching on it, and the Qin people were insulted. It was not until 384 BC, when Duke Xian of Qin ascended to the throne, that this humiliating situation began to change.
In the Great Qin Empire, Shi Shi Yi
The number one meritorious person who successfully attacked qin xiangong was wei wu marquis wei, who saw civil unrest in the qin state and thought that there was an opportunity to take advantage of it, so he decided to waste it and let Ying Shiyi, who had been dormant in the wei state for nearly 30 years, return to the country and seize power. This is also a tragic drama that is commonplace in the Warring States era. Originally, the princes who had been hostages for so long thought that they would eventually become enemies of the country, and now a big pie hit their heads, not only did they no longer have to make meat tickets, but also the possibility of salted fish turning over, how could they not be grateful to the person who threw the pie, even if it was to temporarily sell some national interests (this can not blame them, everything in the homeland does not belong to them the moment they become hostages). For those monarchs who grandly launch meat tickets, they can either charge a high return or send a time bomb back to the enemy country, anyway, the odds are low and the return is high, why not enjoy it? In this way, Shi Yi, whose beard was almost white, was welcomed by the Wei army and the nobles of the Qin State, and the counterattack was successful. However, Shi Yiren's heart is not old, he will not be at ease to become a puppet of the State of Wei, and he does not want to pay the tuition he paid in vain for 30 years of humiliation and burden in the State of Wei, all he has to do is to master Wei to control Wei.
The State of Wei was a developed country at that time, and its institutional advantages made Xiangongxin envious, and he was determined to learn from the State of Wei in order to change the backward appearance of the State of Qin.
The first thing he did after coming to power was to abolish the system of human martyrdom (the most despised system of Confucius's disciples), which the Qin people had practiced for hundreds of years, which not only saved a large number of young and strong laborers for industrial and agricultural production, but also allowed the Qin people to take a big step towards modern civilization, at least the people of Confucius and Meng no longer regarded Qin as a fearful path.
After that, Xiangong gradually got rid of the control of the slave-owning nobles who helped him to power, and tilted the basis of his rule to the emerging landlord class. For example, if he implements the policy of first rent and collects rent according to the actual possession of the land, it is in fact equivalent to acknowledging the private ownership of the land by the landlord and the self-employed peasants. At the same time, he moved the capital from Yong (present-day Baoji, Shaanxi) to Liyang (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), on the one hand, to declare to the Qin people his determination to regain the land of Xihe to revive the national prestige, and on the other hand, to get rid of the shackles of Yongcheng, where slave owners and nobles lived. He also compiled household registrations, implemented the county system, supported commercial activities, and filled the treasury of the Qin state through land rent and commercial taxes. Although the change of offering the public portrait to the cat and painting the tiger was not complete, it also pried the backwater of the slave-owning aristocratic politics of the Qin State, and made a preview and paving the way for the in-depth transformation of Qin Xiaogong.
At the beginning of his reign, he pursued a pro-Wei policy, which was both a fulfillment of his original commitment to Wei Wuhou and a domestic situation. He knew that as long as the Qin people regained their strength, political commitments would become worthless. Shortly after Wei Wuhou hung up, Xiangong immediately drove the Qin state chariot to the coveted land of Hexi.
In 366 BC, under the pretext that Han and Wei did not respect Tianzi, Qin Xiangong defeated the combined Han and Wei forces at Luoyang under the banner of King Qin, which was appreciated by Zhou Tianzi and improved the international status of the Qin State (which was also a prescribed action for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period). Two years later, the fledgling Xiangong ordered the Qin army to cross the Yellow River and retake Hexi, and the Qin army penetrated deep into Shimen in Wei (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), beheading 60,000 people and achieving an unprecedented victory. Qin Xiangong was very rich in rewarding the reclaimed land to the landlords and nobles, which alleviated the contradictions in the country to a certain extent. Zhou Tianzi also gave Qin Xiangong the title of "Bo" (Overlord). At this time, the Qin people seemed to have returned to the Mugong era.
Two years later, the Qin army defeated the Wei army at Shaoliang (少梁, in present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi) and captured the Wei general Gong Shu (公叔縣). In the early years of Gong Gong's early years in the Wei Kingdom, he was not thin to the Gong Gong, and he was considered a friend of wine and meat, and Gong Gong was jealous of Xian Xian's ability, and it was useless to kill him, so Qin Xiangong released Gong Gong Huan back to Wei After a warm hospitality. At this time, the Qin state had some spring bright weather, but the early spring that was warm and cold was incomparably cold, and the dedication of the heartbreaker who dreamed of strong Qin could not stand the cold and was sick.
The giant fell, and it was the great man who stood up
The Qin state behind Xiangong was not very peaceful, and those warring states who smelled fishy smelled of the qin state rushed to the qin state under the banner of mourning. Fortunately, the giant fell, and it was a man of greater stature who stood up. He is Qin Xiaogong. In 361 BC, the 21-year-old Duke Xiaogong of Qin had just stepped onto the forefront of history with his father's great aura, and was forced to lead the old Qin people to defend to the east and attack to the west, relying on a set of combined fists, killing the Rong chieftains, drinking back the crowd, temporarily alleviating the rhythm of the princes' attack.
Qin Xiaogong film and television drama image
Xiao Gong, who has a strong sense of distress, knows that the heart of the princes who die in Qin will not die, and if the Qin state cannot fundamentally change the status quo, sooner or later it will be jointly hanged by the princes of the Central Plains because it cannot be supported, but the Qin people live in the western lands, their culture is backward, and their talents are withering, and if they want to change the law and become stronger, they must rely on the strength of Keqing like Mu Gong did in those years. This is the same as the power that Chinese has always attached importance to turtles since the reform and opening up.
As a result, Qin Xiaogong publicly issued the "Order of Seeking Merit" to the world. In the "Order for The Virtuous", Xiao Gong said that "those who will go to the past are strong, impatient, Jian Gong, and the restlessness of the son, the country's internal worries, not to mention foreign affairs, the Three Jins attacked and seized the land of our ancestors Hexi, the princes were humble, and the ugliness was great", saying that several strange ancestors of the Qin State ruled the country without a way, resulting Chinese in internal and external troubles among the Qin people, especially in the land of Hexi, which lost the strategic barrier, and became a small role that people despised. Filial piety also explained the gap between the ideal of governing the country and the reality, saying that he "missed the will of the ancestors and often hurt his heart." The most tempting thing was that he offered a huge reward for the Marquis of Split Land, saying that "the guests have people who can make strange plans to strengthen Qin, and I respect the officials and divide the land with them."
This order of seeking merit was undoubtedly a shocking order in the era of the monarch's authoritarian self-use, and soon attracted the attention of the world's corporals, and seeing the martingale of the meritocracy order, they were moved, and vigorously praised it as "five hundred years and one volume of xiongwen". However, the more ambitious Shang Martin also saw the shortcomings, believing that Xiao Gong only talked about restoring Mu Gong's hegemony, and his ambitions were still small. In his heart, if he could change the law and strengthen Qin and lay the foundation for the unification of the world, he would have to get it. In fact, this resentment cannot be filial piety, how can such a big word be written in the "Order of Seeking Merit", really dare to write, not afraid of being beaten by those big countries in the Central Plains? At this time, The filial duke did not have time to take care of himself, and he could not relax a little.
At this time, Shang Martingale was not called Shang Martingale, but wei martingale, or Gongsun Martingale, because he was originally the fallen Gongsun of the Fallen Wei State, and there was no room for development in The Country, so he had to work in Wei Guo, the richest man in the Central Plains. He voted for his uncle Zhongshuzi (中庶子), also known as a courtier, hoping to be appreciated and recommended to serve Great Wei. Who knows that Gong Gong Xian is a jealous person, and people who are jealous of Xian often first find out who is the Great Sage, and then hide it in the snow and ban it, knowing that Uncle Gong Xian, who is fearful after the Shang Martingale, will introduce Shang Martingale to King Hui of Wei? It was not until his uncle died of acne, when the King of Wei came to visit, that he spat out and asked the King of Wei to either reuse the martingale or kill him to avoid the consequences.
After king Wei left, the old guy shamelessly said to Shang Martin that the reason why he said those words to King Wei was entirely out of public conscience, and after saying that, he was afraid that Shang Martin would be killed and complained, which made Shang Martin run away quickly, and all the good people let him do it! Who knew that Shang Martin said dismissively, the King of Wei would not use me, let alone kill me! This is not clear: you did not recommend to the King of Wei earlier, let the King of Wei know my skills, and now tell him that the King of Wei will only think that you are talking nonsense! Therefore, Shang Martin did not leave the Wei state with Li Wu's "Book of Laws" Shi Shiran until after his uncle's acne death and went out of the Qin state. During this period, the King of Wei ignored ShangMartin and resigned himself to it. It turns out that the old and slippery King Wei Hui will eventually regret it!
To change the law is to move the real thing
After entering the Qin Kingdom, Shang Martin first traveled at his own expense, in-depth research on the mountains and rivers of the Qin Kingdom, customs and customs, and knew what was in mind. He then met with Jing Jian (景監), a favorite of Duke Xiao of Qin (who was first from the Chu state) and asked him to introduce him to him. At this time, there were many scholars who were stimulated by the order of the sage to come to the Qin Kingdom to pan for gold, and if no one introduced them, I really did not know when they would be able to attract the attention of Xiao Gong.
As a favored courtier, Jing Jian felt empathy for Xiao Gong's desire for treatment, and quickly took out the weight of Shang Martingale, so he did not hesitate to recommend it to Xiao Gong. Filial piety was moved, so he summoned the martingale private association to test the waters. No, Shang Martin also held the same mentality, he either talked about the Emperor Dao or the Kwamei King's Dao, and said that the filial piety was sleepy. The State of Qin has spent time in war since Xianggong, and their superstitious belief is only force, and they say that the emperor's way and the king's way are purely against the cattle. Even if Xiao Gong did not have a seizure, even if he gave Shang Martin a lot of face, the face of the Jing Supervisor on the side was green, and the heart said, "Wei Martingale, Wei Martingale, what you said when we were talking at night was not this, are you making fun of me?" You don't know that Jun's time is precious"! Who knows, seeing the boredom of filial piety, Shang Martin's heart is happy to blossom, knowing that his gorgeous life is coming soon.
After seeing Xiao Gong again, Shang Martin took a sharp turn and lobbied Xiao Gong with the hegemonic technique of rich country and strong soldiers, and Xiao Gong immediately swept away his tired face after hearing it, and the two talked freely for a few days and still had no sleep. Xiao Gong resolutely decided to implement a change of law in the Qin state. When the monarchs and courtiers met, Xiao Gong also understood the reason why Shang Martin had lobbied him with the emperor's way, the royal way, and the hegemony: changing the law is not a dinner party, the change of the law will touch the vested interests of many people, and will also encounter unprecedented resistance, so the change of the law must be strongly supported by the monarch, otherwise it will be a scapegoat if it is not done well. Shang Martin is just a migrant worker, if the support of filial piety is not in place, it is good to do the way of the emperor, on the basis of not touching the interests of the magnates, do a harmless plastic surgery, never hurt the bones, there is no sequelae, naturally will not form a mortal vendetta with the magnates, at that time, hello I am good everyone, as for whether the ultimate goal of the boss can be achieved, it is not easy to say, who let the boss always waver. Mr. Shang Martin, who had been taught by the miscellaneous master corpse, could be all-round, but he could not be overbearing, and he could also deal with an emperor and a king! In this way, Xiao Gong became the general backstage of the Transformation Law, and it was an indestructible backstage, even when the iron fist of the Shang MartinGale Transformation Law was smashed into his son. I have to say that this backstage that Shang Martingale is looking for is reliable!
Court Defense
Before The decision of the Filial Duke had landed, it was opposed by the conservative faction represented by Gan Long and Du Zhi, and a fierce court debate broke out between the two sides, which once turned the court of the Qin State into a vegetable market. However, the inability of the conservatives to face the backward situation of the Qin state, coupled with the firm support of Xiao Gong, finally let Gan Long and others lose under the cunning of Shang Martin.
After the end of the dispute over the change of law, In 359 BC, Xiao Gong ordered Shang Martin to promulgate the "Order on Reclamation of Grass" in the Qin State, stimulating agricultural production and suppressing commerce, thus opening the prelude to the change of law that rewarded farming wars. Agriculture-oriented is a universal value of ancient China, in line with China's social, political and economic realities, so the test of the "Order of Reclamation of Grass" was easily successful in the Qin State.
In 356 BC, Duke Xiao of Qin formally appointed Shang Martin as Zuo Shuchang to preside over the change. Zuo Shuchang is the official name of the chief minister of military and political affairs that has been used by the Qin State for hundreds of years, and it is used to rule the army and the people on horseback, and initially stipulated that non-Yin clans were not allowed to serve, and when it was time for filial piety, non-public ministers were allowed to serve. Zuo Shuchang was later listed as one of the Twenty Military Meritorious Lords. Duke Xiao handed over the position of Zuo Shuchang, which was originally held by his brother Gongzi Qian, to the unknown Shang Martin, and to some extent it can be said that he handed over the future of the Qin State to outsiders (Shang Martingale had only been in Qin for three years, and was promoted by Xiao Gong to the rank of Knight, and was a Zuo ShuChang, who was also the Minister of State) Shows that Xiao Gong's courage is extraordinary.
Before the formal change of law, Shang Martin carried out a warm-up to win the trust of the people. He had people erect a three-foot-long wooden pole at the south gate of the Liyang Market in the capital, and recruited people who could move to the north gate to give gold (gold at this time was actually copper) ten ytterbiums. The people were very surprised, and said in their hearts, they had not seen the change of law before, but no one had ever seen such a generous official, it would not be a moth, no one dared to go to the wood. When the merchant martingale saw that no one was moving, he increased the reward, and the reward for the disciple was fifty yokes. Under the heavy reward, there will be a brave man, and a strong man will go to the north gate and receive fifty yokes of gold. The capital city was sensational, those who had the strength and courage regretted dying, and more people realized a truth from it, it seems that this time the change of law is going to be real. The idea of believing in rewards and punishing the Dharma was thus injected into the hearts of the Qin people.
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