In the previous article, the author chatted with you a series of stories about the first strike hard in China, such as the time of the strike hard, the scale of the strike hard, the stage of the strike hard, and so on. Today, we talk about the identity card system that china implemented at the same time in the process of cracking down hard. As we all know, id cards have now become one of the must-have items for a person. But in 1983, there was no introduction of identity cards in various parts of the country. In 1984, why did China start to implement identity cards? Today, we're going to talk about that.
First of all, let's talk about the indispensable thing for ancient people in our country, that is, road guidance. In China's ancient society, agriculture was the mainstay, and the farthest distance for people to travel was the county seat or the capital city. Basically, there are very few people who go out of the province, and only businessmen, scholars, and so on will have the need to go far. Therefore, the population movement in ancient times was very small, because there was no need to go far, which was completely different from the current situation. Please note that the ancients were very particular about going out and could not leave their own states and counties casually.
If you need to go out of the far door, you must be guided by the local gate, otherwise you will be treated as a "rogue" and arrested. Lightly, be beaten and make up for the road guide. Heavy, directly dispatch the charge army. So, what is a road guide? The road guide is similar to the current ID card plus introduction letter, and the description of the road guide is very detailed, such as a person's name, age, general appearance, place of origin, where to go, and so on. The security agencies in other areas will only release them after they have checked the road guides.
Therefore, in the ancient history of our country, there was no identity card or similar items, because the environment of the times at that time did not require it. In 1949, after the founding of New China, in the 1950s and 1960s, due to various reasons, coupled with the relatively small population flow, the identity card has not appeared. From the 1950s to the 1970s, people basically relied on two things to get around, namely a work permit or a letter of introduction. Sometimes, you need to have both. Because in that era, judging a person's good or bad was largely based on his work card.
To some extent, the work card has a part of the role of the identity card. As for farmers in various places, if they appear to go far away, they basically rely on letters of introduction because they do not have a work permit. Generally speaking, the letter of introduction is very clear, similar to the road guide of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has the seal of the township and village level institutions. From the 50s to the end of the 70s, it was basically like this. But since the end of the 1970s, the situation has changed a lot, and it is no longer enough to rely on work permits and letters of introduction.
First of all, since 1978, with the beginning of reform and opening up, China's economy has begun to develop sustainably. At the same time, the flow of people in various parts of the country began to gradually accelerate and increase. Young adults everywhere began to go out to work. Especially after entering the 1980s, such population flows were very obvious. Relying on work cards and letters of introduction, I am already "too busy". At the same time, since the end of the 1970s, china's social order has begun to face challenges in all aspects.
The total number of unemployed youth across the country exceeds 20 million. Most unemployed young people are able to wait for work assignments with peace of mind. Or simply go to the southeast coastal area to "break into the world" and get rich in business. However, a small number of people have been causing trouble all day long, and various types of criminal gangs have gradually formed, and the number of cases filed by public security organs has increased year by year. At the same time, various Western books and film and television dramas began to enter the country one after another.
A considerable part of the content contains unhealthy plots such as pornography or murder. Many young people began to learn the same way, imitating the plot of film and television dramas and carrying out criminal activities. In 1979, the number of cases filed by China's public security organs was more than 500,000. By 1980, it had reached more than 700,000 pieces. In 1981, it reached more than 890,000 pieces. In 1982, although the total number of cases filed fell to more than 750,000, the number of major cases was still increasing.
In the spring and summer of 1983, various major cases occurred in several provinces and cities such as Liaoning and Shanghai in China. So much so that in some cities, girls are afraid to wear skirts on the street, and night shifts require companionship. Due to the frequent occurrence of various types of cases, it has directly affected the living order of the masses in various places, the production order of enterprises and factories in various places, and has also caused a negative impact on foreign investment.
In order to ensure normal living order, ensure that the masses in various localities can live and work in peace and contentment, and maintain the excellent situation of sustained economic development. In July 1983, China issued the Decision on Severely Cracking Down on Various Criminal Activities, also known as the 1983 Strike Hard. In the course of the strike-hard crackdown, various "rogue criminals" and "blind streams" have emerged. "Since there is no identity information, it is a very important issue if you manage the floating population everywhere, from which to distinguish between criminals who are wandering everywhere.
Therefore, in April 1984, that is, in the process of cracking down hard, China promulgated the "Trial Regulations on Resident Identity Cards". After the emergence of the ID card, the pilot work was first carried out in 9 major cities such as Shanghai and Tianjin. The ID card adopts a single-page card type, 15-digit coded mode. This is the later first generation of id cards, although the design of the first generation of ID cards is relatively simple, and gradually the problem of forgery has emerged. However, the first generation of id cards, to a large extent, solved the information problem of the floating population in the eighties and nineties.
From the perspective of public security management and practical significance at that time, the role was very great. Therefore, since the gradual appearance of identity cards in 1984, those who do not have identity information have begun to "walk in a difficult way." "In particular, those criminals who have wandered all over the world have begun to face problems in all aspects, and the public security organs have arrested them, providing favorable conditions in all aspects." In 1983, in the famous Erwang case, Wang Zongwei, one of the brothers of the Erwang, dropped his work certificate at the scene of the crime.
Subsequently, the Shenyang public security organs quickly used the work permit as a breakthrough to lock in the Erwang brothers. However, due to the limitations of various conditions at that time, the Brothers of the Second King escaped from the encirclement several times. Finally, in September 1983, with the joint efforts of more than 30,000 officers and men of the People's Liberation Army, officers and men of the Armed Police, local public security cadres and policemen, and young adults from surrounding townships and towns, the Erwang brothers were exiled for several months. Eventually, it was besieged and annihilated in Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province.
The first generation of ID cards appeared in 1984, during the first crackdown. Subsequently, it began to be gradually popularized and improved. However, due to the fact that the first generation of ID cards was too simple and did not have chips and other reasons. In the 1990s, some criminals began to forge identity cards to evade public security. In the 1980s and 1990s, China filmed such as "121 Major Cases", "Black and White Fights", "Criminal Investigation No. 1 Case" and so on. In these film and television dramas, there have been cases where criminals use forged identity cards.
In view of the problems of the second generation of identity cards in all aspects, since 2004, the emergence of second-generation identity cards, that is, identity cards that are currently in use. Whether it is the first-generation ID card or the second-generation ID card, it has greatly improved the needs of public security management and is conducive to the public security organs to further maintain public order. At the same time, leave the criminals "nowhere to hide." ”
Public order and stability are the foundation of economic development and the livelihood of the masses, and in order to maintain the stability of public order, public security organs in various localities and the vast number of public security cadres and policemen have made tremendous contributions. There are many more stories about the seventies and eighties, and the author will talk to you slowly in future articles.