Author: Chen Erhu
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > first, the hongjira family empress professional household</h1>
The concubines of the Mongol Empire are somewhat different from the concubines of the Han Dynasty, unlike the Han emperors who have only one empress, which is called "Zhenggong", according to Mongolian customs, the concubines of the Great Khan are arranged according to the ears (palace tents), and there are about four lords of the ears, all called empresses. Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty was the first Empress Dowager Thegulun, the second Empress Chabi (who died and was succeeded by her niece Empress Nanbi), the third Ear was Empress Dota Lahai, and the fourth Ear was Empress Boyao Wuzhen (later Empress Kuokulun).
The most famous of these was Empress Chabi.
Empress Chabi was born in the Hongji clan, and her father was the chief of the Hongji clan, According to Chen's sister Erti, who was married to Genghis Khan Temujin, the mother of the four princes of Shuchi, Chagatai, Wokoutai, and Tuolei.
Wokoutai Khan once sent down a holy decree: Hongjira "after giving birth to a daughter, giving birth to a male princess, every four o'clock in the age of Meng yue, listening to the instructions given, the world is endless", since then, the Hongjirabu has become the main in-law tribe of the Mongolian tribes that have been married to the Golden Family for generations.
Kublai Khan was the son of Tuolei, and Chabi married Kublai Khan, which can be described as a close relative.
Chabizi is beautiful, elegant in temperament, talented and intelligent, quick in thinking, and is quite popular and favored by Kublai Khan among the concubines. She knew the world's affairs, was good at thinking and thinking, and before and after Kublai Khan's reign, she made suggestions and suggestions, and helped her husband ascend to the Khan's throne.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, fast horse flying to report Kublai Khan's return to the north</h1>
In November 1259, the Mongol Great Khan Möngke died suddenly at Hook Fish Mountain, at this time Kublai Khan was far away from the front line of the Southern Song Dynasty's Ezhou attack, and Tuolei's young son, that is, Möngke and Kublai Khan's half-brother Ali Buge, plotted to establish himself as the Great Khan of Mongolia in the northern capital of Mobei, secretly sent his cronies Alandar to draw troops, and had reached the steppe area one hundred miles away from Kaiping.
When Chabi got the news, He sent an emissary to rebuke him and asked, "Emperor Taizu's great-grandson Zhenjin (Kublai Khan's son) is here, so why don't you let him know about it?" Alan Da'er didn't know how to answer for a while.
Subsequently, Chabi sent Dehuan and Aimogan to rush to the Ezhou army to report to Kublai Khan: Ali Buge sent Alandar and others to Mo'nan to draw the Mongol army and Han soldiers and horses, the reason is unknown, which army can not hand over to them except us? And also brought a hidden passage from Chabi: "The head of the big fish has been cut off, and who else is left in the small fish besides you and Ali Bu Brother?" Are you coming back okay? This metaphor clearly means that Möngke Khan is dead, and the most powerful person to compete with him for the Khan's position is Ali Buge, hoping that he will return quickly.
When Kublai Khan heard the news, he was shocked, knowing that his younger brother Ali Bu Brother took advantage of his southern expedition to prepare for the military operation of seizing the Khan's throne, and a disaster was about to come. Therefore, it was decisively decided to negotiate with the Song army and return to the north to compete for the Khan's position.
The succession of the Khans in the Mongol Empire has never had a fixed inheritance system, and when deciding on the selection of a new Khan, it is necessary to consider factors such as the designation of the previous Great Khan, the support of the Kuritai Noble Council, and the strength of the various branches, and interact with each other in different situations, and there is often a power struggle centered on the succession of the Khan.
Möngke Khan died suddenly on the front line of the capture of the Diaoyu City in Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, and he had no time to make any arrangements or designations for the succession of the Khan before his death, and there was no clear goal within the Mongolian imperial family regarding the ownership of the Khan's throne, and a new round of Khanship competition was inevitable.
The main competitors were none other than two of Tuolei's sons, Kublai Khan and Ali Bu brothers. They were all born to Thera and Empress Theni, and within the Tuolei family, Ali Buge inherited most of the Mongol thousand households and lands (the young son of the Mongols shouzao, that is, inheriting the family business) as the "Huo Chi Jin (stove lord)", including mobei Giligis and Zhongyuan Zhending Road.
On the eve of Möngke Khan's southern expedition, he was ordered to stay in Helin, preside over the administration of the Great Mongol State, and manage the Thousand Household Army in Northern Mobei and the Palace of Zhuhu.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, Tsabyov ascended to the Khan's throne</h1>
Once Möngke Khan died, the rest of the princes Azotai, Yulong Dagui, Xiliji and others were not qualified to compete for the Great Khan, so they unanimously supported Ali Buge, and Möngke Khan's close ministers Alan Da'er, Polo Huan, Hun Duhai, Terechi and others also favored Ali Bu Brother, so that Ali Bu Brother was naturally the most powerful and qualified person in the Mongolian steppe at that time to become the Great Khan.
Ali Bu Brother knew very well that his only rival was his brother Kublai Khan, so he took advantage of Kublai Khan's busy attack on the Southern Song Dynasty's Ezhou and controlled the main army and wealth of the southern desert as soon as possible in order to successfully ascend to the Khan's throne and force Kublai Khan to submit. Therefore, he sent Alan Da'er and other cronies to draw soldiers everywhere, and when Chabi learned about it, he sent someone to question and fly back to Kublai Khan, asking Kublai Khan to return to the north quickly.
Kublai Khan returned to Yanjing in time, decisively dismissed the soldiers recruited by Ali Buge's men, and sent someone to rebuke Ali Bu Brother.
(Ali Bu Brother)
Brother Ali knew very well that he had stayed behind in Helin, presided over state affairs, and was in charge of some of the army in northern Mobei, and with the support of the sons of Möngke Khan and the ministers of the Khanate, he would hold a meeting of the Kuritai nobles in northern Mobei as soon as possible to formulate a plan for arresting Kublai Khan and others at that time.
Therefore, Ali Bu ge sent emissaries to all sides and invited him to attend the meeting of the Kuritai nobles held in the north of the desert. At the same time, Teridh and others were sent to Kublai Khan for the emergency to inform: "In order to hold the funeral of Möngke Hehan, please invite Kublai Khan and all the kings to come." ”
Kublai Khan received the invitation, left and right, according to the usual practice, he must attend, but also know that this is a trap set for him by Ali's brother, invited to the meeting, the future is uncertain, the murder is more auspicious.
Kublai Khan's subordinates Lian Xixian, Shang Ting, and others urged pre-emptive strikes to take action, and Chabi also told Kublai Khan that we must make a decision at the moment and not miss a good opportunity.
As a result, Kublai Khan held a meeting of the Kuritai nobles in Kaiping in March of the first year of the Central Unification (1260).
The kings of the Western Provinces, Hedan (Wokoutaizi), Ajiji (Chagataisun), Tamerlane (Kuoduzi), Tacha'er (Temuge , Chuchijin's grandson), Yesun Brother (Son of Hesa), Kula Ku'er (Hachiwensun), Tadu (Belegutaisun), Nalin Hedan (Hachiwensun), and others, as well as meritorious nobles such as King Muhuali's great-grandson Kurinchi, Nachen Donkey, and Tili Qima, jointly supported Kublai Khan as the new Khan, and then defeated Ali Buge.
It can be said that at the critical moment when the Khan's position belonged, Chabi stayed behind to inform the assistants of the great achievements, and the history records: Chabi "the residence of the hidden dragon, and the autumn of the tiger's change, the Ezhu class master, the meeting of the insight of the opportunity; the Shangdu Practice, the most auxiliary plots."
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, cleverly instructed Kublai Khan to govern the country</h1>
Kublai Khan declared himself empress dowager, the second ear.
When Chabi became empress, she paid more attention to using her position and did her best to assist Kublai Khan in handling the government well.
One day, the four cowardly Xue officials asked to cut off most of the land near the capital for the cowardly Xue (cowardly Xue, that is, the Royal Guard) to guard the horses, kublai Khan had approved it, and also presented a graphic of the divided land.
Cha bi heard that he later approached Kublai Khan, and before advising him, he first pretended to rebuke the minister, Liu Bingzhong, who was the official residence of Taibao: "The Ru Han people are wise, and the words are the emperor listens, and ru is not advised." When we first arrived at dingdu, if we grazed horses on the ground, we could, but now that the division of the army station has been decided, can it be taken? ”
Kublai Khan immediately heard a strange voice, which was said to him, and then pondered for a moment and ordered to stop cutting the land and herding horses.
When Kublai Khan attacked Ali bu brother in the north, Chabi stayed in Yandu. At that time, many of Kublai Khan's cronies were serving abroad, and there was a lack of capable people in the DPRK, so Chabi specially recalled Ren Dongping Xuanfu to yao shu and said to him: "When the child was sad and young, why should he stay with him for a long time?" Let Yao Shu help deal with "palace affairs."
While Kublai Khan absorbed han chinese culture, Chabi also tried his best to receive beneficial Han culture.
Kublai Khan asked the Han dynasty minister Wang Silian to read the Zizhi Tongjian, and Chabi also came to listen to it, and said with emotion: "It is sincere and beneficial to Chen. It is advisable to choose good words to speak, and be careful not to disturb the listening with blasphemy. ”
Chabi lived frugally, maintaining the habit of the industrious duties of mongolian steppe women, doing many things herself, such as sewing clothes, she led the palace women to weave and sew by hand, collected many old bow strings, twisted them into threads, and woven them into clothes, which were tough and fine, comparable to Ayara.
The hats worn by the Mongols originally had no brim, commonly known as the beard hat. Kublai Khan felt that this hat could not block the sun, and Cha bi was a careful person, so he designed the front brim for the hat, and Kublai Khan was very happy after wearing it, so he let this hat become popular.
In order to facilitate riding and shooting, Chabi also carefully designed a dress: the front has a coat without a coat, the back length is about twice that of the front, there is no collar and sleeves, embellished with double rows of pleats, known as bijia, very suitable for riding and shooting, for a time the Mongols rushed to imitate, it is said that our vest today is derived from this evolution.
In the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276 AD), Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, and moved a large number of imperial families such as the minor emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty and empress dowager Quan to the north, and went to the capital Kaiping to meet Kublai Khan.
Kublai Khan feasted on his courtiers and rejoiced, but Chabi was depressed and unhappy, and she was very sympathetic and sympathetic to the little emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty and Empress Quan, thinking that "since ancient times, there is no country of a thousand years, and my descendants and this are fortunate." ”
When Kublai Khan summoned her and his concubines to select the treasures of the Southern Song Dynasty that had been captured from Lin'an, Chabi looked at it and left, sighing and saying, "The Song people have stored up to leave their children and grandchildren, and the descendants cannot keep it, but they belong to me, how can I bear to take something!" ”
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, be kind to the southern Song Dynasty Empress Quan</h1>
Cha Bi will be able to think of danger in peace, to the two Song Dynasty three hundred years of the foundation of the destruction of once as a lesson, its foresight, not to let the eyebrows, its compassion for the heart, the virtue of women.
Empress Quan of the Southern Song Dynasty was older, was sent to Dadu, and was not accustomed to the northern climate, so Chabi asked Kublai Khan several times to allow Empress Quan to return to Jiangnan to grow old.
On this issue, Kublai Khan also reproached her: "The woman has no far-sightedness, and if she makes her return to the south, or if she makes a fuss, she will destroy her home, not love her." ”
Kublai Khan's consideration also has a certain reason, according to the situation at that time, the south is unstable, and the return of the empress dowager to the south must be used by anti-Yuan forces to fuel anti-Mongolian sentiment and bring trouble.
Seeing that Kublai Khan refused to let Empress Dowager Quan return to the south, he took advantage of various opportunities to take care of Empress Dowager Quan and give her all kinds of care.
Wang Yuanliang has a poem "Huzhou Song":
The three halls are strong and self-expansive, and the inner family asks for peace every day.
Empress Dayuan came to visit and gave silk two hundred orders.
What is said in this poem is a true portrayal of Empress Chabi's kindness to Empress Quan.
Empress Chabi's pity for the weak may be a woman's nature, or it may be related to her conversion to Tibetan Buddhism.
Empress Chabi asked The Emperor Ba Si Pa to hold a mysterious religious ceremony for her, and the Xizhenguo Temple, located in Sanlixu outside the Xiping Side Gate of the Capital, was the temple where Empress Chabi gave her merit.
In December of the eighteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1281), Empress Chabi died in Dadu.
Empress Chabi, dignified and intelligent, knowledgeable and courteous, has excellent cultivation, and can be said to be a generation of sages in history.
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