When many women are still trying to conceive, doctors will instruct themselves to take small doses of folic acid tablets, and when asked why, the doctor said what to prevent fetal neural tube malformations. Indeed, "folic acid supplementation" is the most effective, simplest, and only first-class preventive measure with evidence-based medical evidence to be effective in preventing birth defects. So, as a mother who is about to become a mother, do you really make up folic acid right? Today, I will talk to you about how to supplement folic acid for various groups of people.
Are you really making up for folic acid?
Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin that is necessary for the growth and reproduction of the body's cells, helps in the metabolism of proteins, and together with vitamin B12 promotes the production and maturation of red blood cells. Folic acid in vivo acts in the form of tetrahydrofolate, which is involved in the synthesis and transformation of purine nucleic acids and pyrimidine nucleotides in vivo. Folic acid cannot be synthesized in the human body and can only be ingested exogenously. Folic acid is mainly found in leafy greens, fruits, cereals, cereals, nuts and meats.
The clinical application of vitamin and mineral supplements in the prevention and treatment of nutritional anemia: expert consensus recommends folic acid for megaloblastic anemia caused by folate deficiency. Women of childbearing age take 0.4 mg once a day from the time of planned pregnancy to the end of 3 months after pregnancy. Preventive medication for pregnant and lactating women: take 0.4 mg once a day. In addition, for patients with megaloblastic anemia, it is possible to take 5-10 mg at a time and 15-30 mg a day until the blood picture returns to normal.
These five categories of women should pay special attention when trying to conceive
Women who generally do not have high-risk factors can take 0.4 mg or 0.8 mg per day. However, the following five types of women who are trying to conceive need to take different doses of folic acid in moderation.
(1) Women who are taking drugs that increase the risk of fetal neural tube defects (such as carbamazepine, sodium valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbital, methotrexate, metformin): It is recommended to take folic acid 0.8 to 1.0 mg per day.
(2) For women with hyperhomocysteinemia: It is recommended to take 5 mg of folic acid per day.
(3) For women who have previously given birth to neural tube defects or one of the spouses with neural tube defects: it is recommended to take 4 mg per day.
(4) Women with congenital hydrocephalus, congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, urinary defects, diabetes, obesity, epilepsy, gastrointestinal malabsorption diseases: it is recommended to take folic acid 0.8 to 1.0 mg per day.
(5) For women with MTHFR gene mutations:
MTHFR refers to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, its full English name is: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, the main role is to convert 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with biological functions in the folic acid metabolic pathway. If the MTHFR gene mutation in the body will lead to the disorder of multiple basic biochemical processes in the body, including cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, DNA and protein methylation modification, etc., and then cause neural tube defects, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other diseases.
Pregnant women with such genetic defects, simply supplementing with folic acid will not solve the problem, because excessive intake of inactive folic acid will also produce potential toxicity to the human body, resulting in an increased risk of infection or tumors, so such pregnant women need to take special active folic acid. This folic acid is based on active folic acid, skipping the action process of MTHFR, even people with defective MTHFR genes can normally absorb 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, thereby maintaining the smooth operation of several major pathways.
epilogue
In short, many people still have a misunderstanding about folic acid supplementation. For people who need folic acid supplementation, they should correctly grasp the dosage of folic acid used in various diseases and avoid taking folic acid in excess and insufficient amounts.
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