Flipping through the resumes of the ten marshals of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, we can see two distinctive characteristics of Luo Ronghuan:
First, in the three major armed uprisings led by our party, such as the Nanchang Uprising, the Xianggan Border Autumn Harvest Uprising, and the Guangzhou Uprising, the other marshals either participated in the Nanchang Uprising or led the Guangzhou Uprising, and only Luo Ronghuan participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Xianggan Border and served as a representative of the Lianhe Party at that time, and the supreme leader who launched the Autumn Harvest Uprising was Chairman Mao, who was then the secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Central Hunan Provincial CPC Committee.
Second, as a marshal all his life, Luo Ronghuan held the leading post of our army's political work for most of the time, and rarely directly held military command posts. Therefore, he is also revered as "political marshal". Therefore, Luo Ronghuan is one of the outstanding representatives of the implementation of Chairman Mao's thought in the field of political work of our army. Chairman Mao's cultivation, promotion, and reliance on Luo Ronghuan were also long-lasting.
Luo Ronghuan is 9 years younger than Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao's hometown is in Shaoshan Mountain in the north of Hengshan Mountain in southern Yue, and Luo Ronghuan's hometown is in Hengdong County, in the eastern foothills of Hengshan Mountain. Xiang Hengshan, which was known for its powerful xiong, Jingxiu, Jingyou, and Wenfeng, gave birth to Chairman Mao and Shuai Luo Ronghuan, who were militaristic and strategic.
At the beginning of July 1927, the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China assigned Luo Ronghuan to nantongcheng County to do agricultural movement work. In the face of Liu Xiubo, director of the Tongcheng County Regimental Defense Bureau, who represented the interests of the gentry, and other reactionary and evil forces, Luo Ronghuan was not afraid. He decided to go to the countryside to mobilize peasant associations, organize peasant self-defense forces, eliminate reactionary feudal forces, and establish the power of peasant associations.
Through the joint efforts of Luo Ronghuan and underground party members Wang Wuyang and Wang Yutang, thousands of peasants in Tongcheng County signed up to join the Peasants' Self-Defense Army, and there were two or three hundred guns. At this time, the news of the Nanchang uprising came, and the situation of the struggle was even more tense. Soon, the superiors sent people to Southern Hunan to convey the spirit of the "Eighty-Seven" Meeting of the Central Committee. The "Eighty-Seventh" meeting adopted the "Seventh Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China To Appeal to all Party Members" and the "Recent Resolution on peasant struggle", calling on all Communist Party members and the masses of the people to continue the revolutionary struggle and organize and launch the peasants' autumn harvest rebellion as extensively as possible. Chairman Mao, who is the executive committee member of the Fifth Central Committee of the Party, emphatically pointed out in his speech at the meeting: "In the future, we must pay great attention to the military, and we must know that political power is obtained from the barrel of a gun. ”
The meeting elected a new Provisional Politburo of the Central Committee. Chairman Mao was elected alternate member of the Politburo.
After studying the central documents, Luo Ronghuan, Wang Wuyang, and others felt that the purpose was clear and that they had enough confidence to prepare for the autumn harvest uprising. Soon, the opportunity came, they met with the Chongyang Peasant Self-Defense Army, outwitted the county seat of Tongcheng, captured Liu Xiubo alive, handed over the guns of the militia, and set up the Southern Hubei Peasants' Self-Defense Army with Wang Wuyang as the commander-in-chief, Luo Ronghuan as the party representative, and Liu Jisong as the chief of staff.
In order to replenish weapons and ammunition and strengthen the strength of the peasant self-defense army, Luo Ronghuan and others decided to go through Liu Jisong to find his Whampoa Military Academy classmate and Communist Party member Yu Shandu to solve the problem of guns and bullets. Yu Shandu was serving as the commander of the Provisional First Division of the Jiangxi Provincial Defense Army. Luo Ronghuan and his party went to Xiushui County, where the division was stationed, to connect with Yu Shandu and received a small amount of ammunition. Yu Shandu also told Luo Ronghuan and Liu Jisong that if the enemy situation was tense, they could drive the Self-Defense Army to Xiushui.
Sure enough, luo Ronghuan and others returned to Tongcheng at the end of August, and learned that the Kuomintang 13th Army was coming from the north. In order to preserve the revolutionary forces, Luo Ronghuan and others immediately made a decision and led the Southern Hubei Peasant Self-Defense Army in Tongcheng and Chongyang to leave Tongcheng and move to Xiushui. At the beginning of September, Luo Ronghuan's unit was incorporated into the special service company of the division headquarters of the "Jiangxi Provincial Defense Army Provisional First Division". The company commander was Tan Xilin, the deputy company commander was Ye Chongkai, and Luo Ronghuan served as the party representative.
At the same time, Chairman Mao, who was the secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee, presided over a military conference in Zhangjiawan Village, Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province. The meeting focused on the specific arrangements for the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and decided to reorganize the Provisional First Division of the Jiangxi Provincial Defense Army into the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army with Lu Deming as the commander-in-chief, Yu Shandu as the division commander, and Yu Jimin as the deputy division commander, with three regiments under its jurisdiction. The battle deployment was based on the first regiment attacking Pingjiang, the second regiment taking Pingxiang and Liling, and the third regiment attacking Liuyang, and the unified operation began on September 9. After the attack was successful, it developed westward, and then took Changsha as an internal response to the Changsha workers' and peasants' uprising.
In this way, Luo Ronghuan, who had originally planned to be an architect and save the country with industry, now decided to save the country with revolution, joined the torrent of the autumn harvest uprising and had the honor of becoming a member of the party under Chairman Mao.
In the early morning of September 9, the famous autumn harvest uprising in the history of the Communist Party of China began. Luo Ronghuan led the special agent company to move with the division headquarters and the first regiment, and after a day of fierce fighting, the rebel troops occupied the town of Zhuxi, and then entered Pingjiang, Hunan, preparing to attack Changshou Street with the Qiu Guoxuan regiment stationed at Longmen. Qiu Guoxuan was a subordinate of the warlord Xia Douyin, who had just been incorporated by Yu Shandu.
At the critical moment, Qiu Guoxuan's troops mutinied and made a surprise attack on the first regiment of the rebel army in Jinping, causing great losses to the troops. When the division headquarters heard this news, it immediately ordered the follow-up troops to attack Liuyang in the south.
On September 17, Luo Ronghuan led a company of special agents to move with the division headquarters to the area around Paibu in Tonggu County and Sunjiaduan in Liuyang County to meet Chairman Mao and the Third Regiment, which had been frustrated in Dongmen City. This was the first time Luo Ronghuan had met Chairman Mao. But Chairman Mao's name has long been very familiar to him.
In 1919, Luo Ronghuan had just arrived in Changsha to attend middle school, and during the Expulsion Movement, he knew that Chairman Mao was a famous mass leader in Hunan. He also knew that at the beginning of this year, Chairman Mao went to Hengshan and other counties in Hunan to inspect the peasant movement. Before Luo Ronghuan was sent to Tongcheng by the Peasant Department of the Hubei Provincial CPC Committee, he had also read his "Report on the Inspection of the Peasant Movement in Hunan Province, and he was deeply impressed by the informative content, clear viewpoints, thorough explanations, and sharp writing of this report.
Now, having seen Chairman Mao with his own eyes and becoming his own leader, Luo Ronghuan was naturally very excited. Luo Ronghuan was originally tall, but he saw that Chairman Mao was even taller than him. Both of them were thin and thin, both had the temperament of a bookish business and a meeting of the storms, but Luo Ronghuan admired Chairman Mao's leadership temperament even more.
After a day of rest, Chairman Mao made minor adjustments to his troops. The commander of the special agent company was changed to Zhu Jiansheng, chairman of the Liuyang County Trade Union, Tan Xilin was transferred to a regiment and a battalion, and Luo Ronghuan was reappointed as a staff officer of the division headquarters, still commanding the special agent company and acting with it.
On September 19, Chairman Mao and his troops arrived at Wenjia City to join forces with the remnants of the Second Regiment, which had failed to attack Liuyang. In this way, the convergence of troops was completed, from more than 5,000 people before the uprising to more than 1,000 people remaining. That evening, Chairman Mao convened a committee of former enemies at the division headquarters, which was expanded to include cadres at and above the battalion level. Chairman Mao said: According to the current situation and our strength, it is no longer possible to attack Changsha, and I suggest that the troops change their plans, quickly break away from the Pingjiang and Liuyang areas, and go south along the Luoxiao Mountains to find a foothold and preserve and develop the revolutionary forces. The meeting accepted Chairman Mao's proposal.
Early the next morning, more than 1,000 remnants of the insurgent troops held a meeting in the playground of The Liren School, where Wenjia City was stationed, and Chairman Mao spoke. Since he was a member of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and an alternate member of the Provisional Politburo of the Central Committee, people at this time were called Mao. Chairman Mao said: "We fought a losing battle in this autumn harvest uprising. It doesn't matter, victory or defeat is a common thing for soldiers, and we still have a team. As the saying goes, stay in the green mountains, do not worry about no firewood. It is now necessary to take stock of the experience of this uprising. We divided into several routes, and the forces were dispersed, but the enemy's strength was concentrated. As a result, we lost the battle. The Autumn Harvest Uprising was originally planned to attack Changsha. Is Changsha good? Changsha is good, but that's not where we squat yet. We can't go to the big cities, we can't go to the main roads. Now find a place to recuperate. ”
At this point, Chairman Mao raised his voice slightly. He said: "Comrades, the revolution always has to develop, always wants to win. We have very little strength now, like a small stone. Chiang Kai-shek is like a big water tank. But our little stone will one day break Chiang Kai-shek's big water tank. Because the people are on our side. With the masses, there is the world. And we have one condition for winning the support of the masses, and that is to straighten out discipline. For the things of the common people, not a single egg can be taken, and not a single grass should be moved. As long as we are united with the masses, we will be able to stand in an invincible position. ”
At this moment, Luo Ronghuan truly heard Chairman Mao's vivid and in-depth speech for the first time, and felt as if he had drunk a sweet spring after a long thirst. He tried to shout loudly several times, but Commissar Mao spoke too well and talked about our hearts. Of course, due to the discipline of the venue, he did not shout out, but was full of excitement in his heart. After Chairman Mao finished speaking, Luo Ronghuan's applause was the most powerful one, and it can be said that the slaps were all red. He deeply felt that Chairman Mao's speech was completely in line with objective facts and shone with wisdom. From this time on, Luo Ronghuan had great respect and admiration for Chairman Mao.
After the meeting, the troops set out from Wenjia City in the afternoon. After traveling all the way, we arrived at Sanwan Village in Yongxin County on September 29. Luo Ronghuan, who was in charge of the front station, saw that there were three large trees at the head of the village, which were very imposing, two of which were camphor trees, one was a maple tree, under the tree was a shady plain, and dozens of families were scattered on the north slope. Luo Ronghuan felt that this place had a taste of paradise, which was very poetic. He felt that this was a good place for the troops to rest their feet, so he reported to the division headquarters in time. Later, Maple Plain became a famous revolutionary relic.
After the troops entered the village, they found that the people here had gone to the house empty. It turned out that the old cousins heard that there were soldiers coming, and they all hid in the mountains. After the troops were stationed, Chairman Mao presided over a meeting of the Former Enemy Committee at the "Taihexiang" grocery store in the village to study the issue of the reorganization of the troops; at the same time, he demanded that all companies immediately go up the hill separately and invite the masses home.
In accordance with Chairman Mao's instructions, Luo Ronghuan took the company of special agents to the mountain to shout, explained the nature of our army to the old cousins, and mobilized everyone to come back. The old cousins listened to the oral ideological work of our army, and sent some old people home to see the truth, and when they saw that the things in the house were untouched and the soldiers spoke very kindly, they put their minds at ease. The next day, the old cousins returned to the village.
Then, Chairman Mao organized the troops to reorganize at Maple Tree Plain. There are three main elements: First, the reduction of the staffing. A division was reduced to a regiment, and the name was the first regiment of the First Division of the First Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. Regiment commander Chen Hao, first battalion commander Huang Ziji, party representative Wan Xixian; third battalion commander Zhang Ziqing, deputy battalion commander Wu Zhonghao, party representative He Tingying; special agent company commander Zeng Shi'e, party representative Luo Ronghuan; and another officer corps and a health team were set up. Second, to establish the party's absolute leadership over the army, it is necessary to build branches on companies. It is stipulated that classes or platoons shall establish party groups, companies shall establish party branches, battalions and regiments shall establish party committees, and party representatives shall be set up at all levels above the company level. The entire force is headed by the Committee of Former Enemies. Third, there must be a democratic system within the army, where officers are not allowed to beat and scold soldiers, corporal punishment and cumbersome etiquette are abolished, and soldiers have the freedom to speak in meetings. The company's economy is open, officers and men are treated equally, eat the same meals, and wear the same clothes. In order to guarantee the democratic rights of soldiers, soldiers' committees at all levels were established. The soldiers' committee has the right to supervise the officers, and if the officers do something wrong, the soldiers' committee can criticize and even punish them.
Announcing the complete compilation, Chairman Mao made a speech and said: "Comrades, now the enemy is only putting cold guns behind us, and there is nothing remarkable about it. Everybody is born of a woman, the enemy has two feet, and we have two feet. Comrade He Long started with two kitchen knives, and now he is a military commander and has brought a soldier. We don't just have two kitchen knives, we have two battalions, are we afraid of not being able to do it? You are all revolted, one can be an enemy of ten, ten can be a hundred. We now have such a team of hundreds of people, what else to fear, failure is the mother of success, without setbacks and failures there will be no success and victory. ”
Chairman Mao's words were like gusts of spring wind, blowing into the chests of the soldiers and blowing the flames in everyone's hearts again. Although the warriors were all yellow-skinned, tired and haggard, there was a glimmer of hope in their eyes.
After the disbandment of the contingent, everyone talked about it one after another: "Committee member Mao is not afraid, what are we still afraid of?" ”
"He Long started with two kitchen knives, and hundreds of us are still afraid that we can't get home?"
Luo Ronghuan listened to the comrades' discussions, saw with his own eyes that this unit that was about to collapse was finally cheered up again, and couldn't help but smile knowingly. Since then, Luo Ronghuan has actively participated in the whole process of creating a new type of revolutionary army led by Chairman Mao.
The revolutionary activities of the troops led by Chairman Mao in Sanwan Village were later called the famous Sanwan reorganization in the history of our party and our army. The core content of the Sanwan reorganization is to establish the party's absolute leadership over the army, thus ensuring the proletarian nature of the Red Army, laying the foundation for a new type of people's army politically and organizationally, and writing a glorious page in the history of the Chinese people's liberation army.
Luo Ronghuan, as a personal participant and witness of the Sanwan reorganization, wrote in 1957 after the founding of the People's Republic of China when reviewing this historical event of great significance in the history of the founding of our army: The sanwan reorganization is actually a new birth of our army, and it is precisely from this time that the party's absolute leadership over the army was established.
At that time, if Comrade Chairman Mao had not wisely resolved this fundamental proposition, then this unit would not have had a political soul, would not have had a clear program of action, the habits of the old-style army, and the free and loose style of the peasants could not have been transformed, and the result would have been to become a rogue, even if it was not destroyed by a powerful enemy. Of course, the reorganization of the Three Bays has only begun to lay the foundation for a new type of revolutionary army, and the thorough political and ideological transformation is a process of protracted struggle.