"The ghost fox has a personality, laughing and scolding into an article." Lao She once commented on the Qing Dynasty scholar Pu Songling. One of his "Liaozhai Zhiyi", which says that all the ghosts are in the human world, the thorns are greedy and abusive, known to women and children in China, and even go abroad, and have also had an important impact on Western literary scholars such as Kafka and others.
The master's life, on the other hand, has always struggled on the poverty line, and even his own works have no money to print. All kinds of pain points only confirm an old saying: "Poor sorrow writes a book." "
Pu Songling was born on the sixteenth day of the fourth month of the thirteenth lunar month of Chongzhen (1640). That night, his father had a strange dream of a monk in robes, skinny, walking precariously, with a copper-sized dog skin plaster on his chest. At that time, the wife was about to be in the basin, lying on the bed, and father Pu was about to stop him, but the monk suddenly disappeared. The father was suddenly awakened by a loud cry of a baby, and then the midwife reported the good news to him that he had added another son.
His father was very happy, and hurriedly got up, "Dragging er to wash the bed, the moon slopes through the south compartment." In the bright moonlight, the father was surprised to find that there was a black mole the size of a copper coin on his son's chest. He immediately thought of the scene in the dream just now, the position of the mole was exactly the same size as the plaster on the monk's chest, so he thought that he was the reincarnation of the ascetic monk.
<h1>When people studied "Liaozhai Zhiyi" and its author Pu Songling, there was a debate about "which nationality Pu Songling is the writer of" actually occurred. </h1>
Some people say that he is Han Chinese, some people say that he is Mongolian, some people say that he is a Semu, some people say that he is a Hui, and some people say that he is a Jinnuzhen.
Pu Songling's self-written "Genealogical Order" says that their family is Han Chinese, they are from Zichuan, Shandong, and their ancestors served as magistrates in the Yuan Dynasty. Some scholars have further verified that the Yuan Shi Shi Ji III records that Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, once stipulated that the general manager should be a Han Chinese, and emphasized that "eternal customization". From this, it is believed that Pu Songling's ancestor Pu Juren should be a Han Chinese, and it can be said that since the Yuan Dynasty, the Zichuan Pu clan has been a Han Chinese.
Some historians have also verified that Pu is a Han-style surname adopted by the Hui people, and is a descendant of the Arabs and Persians (Semu people) from West Asia in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, many Arabs and Persians who believed in Islam came to China, and most of their names were preceded by the word "Pu". "Pu" is a Chinese translation of Arabic meaning "His Holiness" or "Father". Some of the Arabs and Persians who settled in China took the surname "Pu". 、
However, according to the record in Pu Songling's "Narration of Liu's Deeds" (Liu Shi is Pu Songling's wife), Pu Songling's entire family believes in Buddhism and raises domestic pigs, which is not in line with the religious beliefs and customs of the Hui people and their descendants in Shandong.
According to Pu Songling's "Genealogical Order", his ancestor was "Pu Luhun". And "Proudhon" is a Chinese transliteration of Arabia. In fact, Lu Hun is the Chinese translation of (soul). After years of research, Japanese historians believe that Pu Shougeng, who was an envoy to Quanzhou City at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, was an Arab, and his descendants moved to Shuichun, Dehua, and even overseas, and later the clans in Quanzhou City also moved back from Dongshi.
Moreover, there are examples in the "History of the Yuan" of the Jurchens in the Jin Dynasty who served as the governor during the Great Mongolian Period after the surrender of the Jurchens in the Jin Dynasty, such as the Zizhou man Aotun Shiying who served as the Governor of Dexing Province after the surrender of Mongolia, and his brother Bao He was changed from the Marshal of Dexing Province to the Governor of Xiong Prefecture. In addition, the "disaster of the Yi clan" of the Pu clan occurred in the last years of the Jin Dynasty.
During the Jin Dynasty, a large number of Jurchens moved to Shandong, Hebei and other places, encroaching on the peasants' land, causing a large number of peasants to lose their jobs and bankruptcy, and intensifying class contradictions and ethnic contradictions. In 1213, the Mongols attacked the Jin Dynasty in three ways, and the counties in Shandong were also destroyed. The Shandong Red Jacket Army took the opportunity to launch an anti-Jin uprising, and the Jurchens in the Zichuan and Linzi areas were also brutally retaliated against by the Red Jacket Army, and they killed the Jurchens when they saw them, even the infant children.
"A Brief History of the Mongols" affirms: "The Mongolian literary scholar Pu Songling compiled the ghost stories collected from the folk into "Liaozhai Zhiyi" to reflect the social reality, and the content was vivid and interesting. "
The basis for the Mongol theory is that the name of The Puluhun is the name of the Mongols, because both Puluhun and PuJuren served as high officials of the Yuan Dynasty, and only fell into the Pujia family road at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Mr. Lu Dahuang, a famous contemporary scholar, clearly explained in the "Annals of Mr. Pu Liuquan" that according to legend, when the Yuan Dynasty collapsed, the Pu family once changed the orphan's name to Yi and raised it in the Yang family of the foreign family, and during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, they restored the Pu surname, and now many people with the Pu surname call their ancestors Mongolian.
In addition, Mr. Zang Luzhang, a special researcher of the "Mongol Theory", deduced from the phrase "The Genealogy of the Clan Lineage and Pu Xiao Biography" that the Pu surname was "rumored to be the yuan shixun", and that the surname of Chuanchuan was a descendant of the humble Chihesar, and that the humble Chihesar and his eldest son Ye Ku may be the father and grandfather of Pu Luhun and Pu Juren, believing that the distant ancestor of Pu Songling was not only a Mongol, but also a royal family in the Mongolian tribe due to lack of information, and the debate arose one after another, and each theory was flawed.
However, according to the official system of the Yuan Dynasty, it can be examined that the people who served as the governor of the intersection in the Yuan Dynasty were all Semu people and Jurchens, and it was impossible for the Mongols to hold this position. Therefore, it is inappropriate to say that Pu Songling is a Mongol.
The controversy over pu songling's ethnic attributes has a long history, and the initiator is the descendant of the Pu clan; but it is Mr. Lu Dahuang's article that has triggered academic controversy for half a century. In 1957, Mr. Lu published an article entitled "Pu Songling" in the "Outpost", which clearly stated: "I have interviewed many people with the surname Pu, and there is a legend that they are Mongolians. Since then, many theories have been derived, such as the Hui theory, the Jurchen saying, and so on.
At present, more and more people are inclined to say that Pu Songling is Han, but because there is too little relevant information, it is not enough to prove that he is indeed of Han chinese descent.