Linzi Qiguo Ancient City Dacheng North of the (3) Drainage Pass
A city, from ancient times to the present, whether it is a high-ranking official or a common people, is inseparable from the chai rice oil and salt in life, and the daily production of domestic sewage needs to be discharged out of the city in time, so as to effectively protect the sanitary environment of a city.
If a city's drainage system is not done well, if it encounters heavy rain, a large amount of water will be generated in the city, becoming a water town and a vast ocean. Therefore, our ancestors invented the urban drainage system almost at the same time as creating the city.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > the world's early urban drainage systems</h1>
Location map of the (3) drainage crossing in the north of the western wall of the ancient city of Linzi Qi
According to research, as early as 7,000 to 6,000 years ago, the sites of the Shijiahe culture in Lixian County, Guizhou Province, China (the most famous being the ancient city of Chengtoushan) dug a moat, set up a water gate, and built a good urban drainage system, which is the world's earliest urban drainage system.
In addition, the ancient city of Dengfeng Wangchenggang in Henan, which is 5,000 years old, and the ancient city of Pingliangtai in Huaiyang, Henan, about 4,000 years old, have used ceramic underground drainage pipes. From 3800 to 3500 years ago, a wooden drainage culvert and a drainage ditch paved with stones at the bottom appeared in the ancient city of Yanshi Erlitou in Henan, and about 2300 years ago, a pottery water pipe similar to today's "three-way" pottery pipe appeared in The Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan. The pottery pipes of the Western Zhou Dynasty already had filtering devices and curved ruler-shaped turns.
Abroad, there are currently historical records of the city of Mashinzodarmo, built 4,500 years ago in the Indus Valley, which has a complete drainage system; during the same period, a brick rainwater drainage system was built on the streets of the kingdom of Mesopotamia.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > LinziqiCheng drainage crossing</h1>
Drainage crossing (3) in the north of the western wall of the ancient city of Qi in Linzi (close-up)
As we all know, Linzi is the most economically developed and most populous industrial and commercial metropolis in China's pre-Qin era, with a large amount of sewage generation and a large amount of discharge, which needs to be supported by a well-designed and powerful drainage system.
In order to build a perfect urban drainage crossing, Qicheng Linzi people have created a large-scale, ingenious design, reasonable layout and perfect function of Linzi Qidu drainage system through rigorous design and precise construction.
According to experts from the Qi Cultural Research Institute, 3,000 years ago, the people of Linzi, the State of Qi, adapted to local conditions, used the Zihe River and the water system as a natural moat on the east and west sides of Linzi City, and dug artificial moats outside the south and north city walls (6140 meters of the south and north moats of the big city, and 5780 meters of the moats of the east, north, south and south of the small city), so that they communicated with the water of the Zihe River system, forming an external drainage moat surrounded by blue water on all sides. At the same time, according to the geological and natural terrain of high in the south and low in the north, the Linzi people carefully designed and scientifically built drainage outlets when building the city. According to the exploration, the large and small cities of the ancient city of Linzi Qiguo have 3 major drainage systems and 4 drainage crossings.
Drainage system No. 1, in the center of the palace area in the northwest of the town, is about 700 meters long, 20 meters wide and 3 meters deep. From the southeast of Huangongtai in the south, through the east and north of Huangongtai, it flows west through the (1) drainage crossing under the western wall of the small city to inject water.
Drainage System 2, located in the northwest of Ayutthaya, consists of a north-south drainage ditch and an east-west drainage channel. The north-south drainage ditch, starting from the northeast corner of the small city in the south, and the high and low terrain along the south leads to the (2) drainage crossing in the west of the north wall of the big city, and flows into the moat outside the north wall, with a total length of 2800 meters, a width of 30 meters, and a depth of about 3 meters.
Because a drainage outlet cannot effectively discharge a large amount of accumulated water, in the northern section of this north-south drainage ditch, an east-west drainage channel (1000 meters long and about 20 meters wide) is divided to the northwest, which flows into the system from the now excavated Drain 3 drainage outlet north of the western wall of Ayutthaya. This drainage system is responsible for most of the wastewater and stagnant discharge in the city.
Drainage system No. 3, located in the northeast of Ayutthaya, is about 800 meters long, starting from an unknown starting point, ending at the (4) drainage crossing in the northern section of the eastern wall of Ayutthaya and flowing east into the Zihe River.
The three major drainage systems of the above-mentioned Qidu Linzi are all nullahs in the city, and only four drainage crossings are culverts, which pass under the city walls and connect with the moats outside the city.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" > masterpiece in the history of urban construction in the world</h1>
In December 2013, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the construction of the National Archaeological Site Park project of the Ancient City of Qi. In May 2016, as an important part of the Linzi Qiguo Ancient City Archaeological Site Park, the drainage crossing site renovation project began construction.
In November 2016, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage listed the Ancient City of Qi as one of the "Top Ten Conservation and Display Projects with Driving and Demonstration Effects". Since then, it has been listed in the "Top Ten Cultural Tourism Destination Brands" by the Shandong Provincial People's Government.
On June 8, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage held the "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day" Shandong main event and the opening ceremony of the drainage crossing of the western wall of the city. On November 1, 2019, it was officially opened to tourists, and has a new full name - Linzi Qiguo Ancient City National Archaeological Site Park • Dacheng West Wall Drainage Crossing, its name is because the drainage crossing is located in the northern section of the western wall of the Qiguo Ancient City. In January 2020, it will become a national AAA-level tourist attraction!
In terms of architectural design, the site embodies four major characteristics and is known as a masterpiece in the history of world urban construction: First, the north wall is longer than the south wall and is curved, which can not only reduce the pressure of the flood on the stone wall, avoid being washed away, but also precipitate the sediment in the flood and avoid blocking the inlet.
The second is the bottom of the inlet channel, 5 inlet ditches are designed to lead to 5 water inlet holes. It not only precipitates sediment to avoid siltation in the hole, but also diverts the flood and reduces the impact of the flood on the inlet.
The third is to fully take into account the different situations of the dry water period and the abundant water period to design the water inlet into three layers, which is unique.
Fourth, the internal structure of the waterway is complex, with staggered stones and not straight through. It can drain water without allowing enemies outside the city to enter the city, taking into account the military defense function, which is the essence of the architectural design of the entire drainage crossing.
The small drainage crossing, with very rich connotation, condenses the extraordinary wisdom and science and technology of the Qi people, provides physical evidence for the study of the history of the ancient city of Qi and the history of ancient city construction, and has rich historical and archaeological value; as the carrier and witness of the water culture of the State of Qi, it has strong cultural value; the ingenious design that can drain water and resist the enemy is known as the masterpiece of the ancient Chinese urban drainage system.