In the field of ancient Chinese architecture
Liu Dunzhen and Liang Sicheng
and called "South Liu Beiliang"
But many people are familiar with Liang Sicheng
However, little was known about Liu Dunzhen
Liu Dunzhen
Not only in the field of architecture, it has a profound impact
And the study of Jiangnan gardens
Made a huge contribution
Today
Please follow the garden view
Approaching Mr. Liu Dunzhen
Learn about his indissoluble relationship with Jiangnan Gardens
Start from scratch and develop architectural education
In 1922, at the age of 25, Liu Dunzhen and his friends founded Huahai Architectural Office in Shanghai.
This was the first Chinese-founded firm in China, but because Shanghai's architectural design business was monopolized by the colonialists at that time, Liu Dunzhen and others could only receive some ordinary shop and residential design business.
Liu Dunzhen realized the urgency of cultivating his own national construction talents, so he co-founded the architecture department of Suzhou Industrial College and served as one of the main classroom teachers.
Liu Dunzhen's family
At the beginning of the establishment of the Department of Architecture, there was no reference, and it was completely self-made. Liu Dunzhen had to travel frequently in Shanghai and Suzhou, personally researching, purchasing materials and equipment, formulating training goals, academic systems, and courses, and compiling teaching materials.
With the efforts of Liu Dunzhen, China's first architectural department has finally begun to take shape, becoming a milestone in the development of modern and contemporary architectural education in China.
Manuscript of Liu Dunzhen
He resigned resolutely and joined the Construction Society
In 1927, Suzhou Industrial College was merged into national central university.
Soon, Liu Dunzhen and others followed the school and transferred to the school to create the Department of Architecture of the School of Engineering of the Central University, marking the formal establishment of the discipline of architecture in China.
In Beijing, Zhu Qizhao established the China Construction Society, hired Liang Sicheng as the director of the French department, and invited Liu Dunzhen to serve as the director of the literature department.
Teachers and students of the Department of Architecture of National Central University took a group photo, and Liu Dunzhen was in the back row from the right
At that time, Liu Dunzhen not only taught at national central university, but also worked part-time in an architectural firm, and his income was relatively rich. But if you want to make a breakthrough in the field of ancient Chinese architecture research, you must go all out and give up all this.
In the end, after consulting with his family, Liu Dunzhen resolutely resigned from his job at National Central University and joined the China Construction Society, specializing in the study of ancient Chinese architecture.
Liu Dunzhen (second from left) and Zhu Qizhao, Liang Sicheng and others repaired the Temple of Heaven in Beijing
In 1936, Liu Dunzhen and others came to Suzhou to investigate and survey the Xuanmiaoguan Hall, the Ershan Gate of Tiger Hill, the Pagoda of Bao'en Temple and other buildings.
During this period, he realized that classical gardens were an important part of China's ancient architectural culture, so he surveyed the Humble Administrator's Garden, Yi Garden, Lion Forest, Huanxiu Mountain Villa, Lingering Garden, etc., and wrote the article "Suzhou Ancient Architecture Survey".
This is the earliest systematic survey report on ancient buildings in Suzhou.
However, at that time, the focus of the work of the China Construction Society was not here, plus various restrictions, resulting in Liu Dunzhen's failure to continue to study in depth in the field of Suzhou classic gardens.
A bird's eye view of the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou City
Tough to explore, from houses to gardens
After the founding of New China, under the condition of extremely limited manpower and material resources, Liu Dunzhen began to study the residential houses in various parts of China, and compiled and published the academic monograph "Introduction to Chinese Housing".
With the extensive and in-depth investigation of residential buildings, Suzhou gardens have gradually attracted more and more attention from scholars.
For Liu Dunzhen, this is a topic that he has long been concerned about but has not had time to study. In 1954, Liu Dunzhen finally had the opportunity to organize personnel to formally survey various large and small gardens in and around Suzhou.
Liu Dunzhen in the Humble Administrator's Garden
Unlike architecture, gardens often involve time.
In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the changes in the garden scenery in different seasons and climates, Liu Dunzhen and others have been stationed in the garden all year round, observing the differences in the pink walls, tree shadows, lake surfaces under the sun and moonlight, as well as the differences in scenery brought about by rain and snow.
In 1956, Liu Dunzhen summarized the research results of the past two years and published an academic report "The Garden of Suzhou", which once again attracted the attention of the academic community at home and abroad.
Liu Dunzhen introduced the research results of Suzhou classical gardens to scholars
Rebuild the garden and promote garden art
In the following years, Liu Dunzhen edited and expanded the article "Gardens in Suzhou" and prepared to compile it into a new first draft of academic work, which was renamed "Suzhou Classical Garden".
At the same time, he received another task appointed by Peng Chong, the secretary of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee: to preside over the reconstruction of the Nanjing Garden.
Built in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, zhanyuan has undergone more than 600 years of changes, although it has been rebuilt twice, but it has long been withered and has not recovered.
After Liu Dunzhen received the task of reconstruction, he not only retained the original layout of the Garden, but also appropriately introduced the old and innovated, personally designed the rockery, and made the Garden look new.
Presiding over the reconstruction of the Garden is a concrete practice of Liu Dunzhen's research results on the previous classical garden research, and he creatively inherited and developed China's excellent gardening art.
Liu Dunzhen and others inspected the Garden
In 1968, Liu Dunzhen, who was too old, died of illness.
In the last years of his life, he suffered from illness on the one hand, and endured groundless criticism on the other.
What he regrets most is that the reconstruction of nanjing garden has only completed the first phase of the project, and the book "Suzhou Classical Garden" has not been completed.
Liu Dunzhen is in Changyuan
It was not until 1979, after Liu Dunzhen was rehabilitated, that people compiled and published "Suzhou Classical Gardens". As soon as this posthumous work was published, it was unanimously praised by the academic circles at home and abroad, and was called a classic work on the study of classical Chinese gardens.
The reconstruction of The Garden also successfully entered the second phase of the project, and after completion, it was listed in the "Forty Views of The New Jinling", becoming a model for the renovation and design of jiangnan gardens.
Today, Suzhou Gardens and Nanjing Garden have become famous tourist attractions. They not only promote Chinese garden art to the world, but also confide in the indissoluble relationship between an architect and Jiangnan gardens.
Some of the images come from the Internet
The picture and text are original arrangements of Garden view people (ID: xyzwin).
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Liu Dunzhen: An architect and Jiangnan garden are inextricably linked, are you "" today?