Speaking of the nobles with different surnames in the Qing Dynasty, we all know that there is a "Manchurian eight surnames", and these eight families and the Ai xinjue Luo clan are closely related to each other, and there are also many celebrities. However, there are also "eight surnames" in the Han army flag, and the official name is "Eight Families of the Han Army".
It is estimated that many people have heard about the "Eight Families of the Han Army" for the first time, which eight families are these eight families? This issue will talk about this topic.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > the historical background of the Han military family</h1>
During the Nurhaci period, the military period was mainly to unify the Jurchen departments in the early stage, and the later period was mainly to oppose the Ming Dynasty. At the time of Guanwai, there were only more than 50,000 Manchurian men, and the family mouth was less than 300,000, which was in stark contrast to the number of hundreds of millions of people in the Ming Dynasty.
Despite the disparity in power, the Manchurian rulers quickly defeated the Ming Dynasty and gained control of all of China. There are many reasons why the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, but one thing is certain, that is, the supreme ruler effectively used the Han people, to be precise, the Eight Banners of the Han Army.
After Emperor Taiji succeeded to the throne, on the basis of the original Eight Banners of Manchuria, the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of the Han Army were expanded. The Eight Banners of the Han Army were composed of Han Chinese, except that these Han people were all Liaodong Han chinese, and most of them were Ming Dynasty generals who surrendered.
Which eight are the eight houses of the Han Army? In November of the ninth year of Yongzheng, an edict mentioned that the sons of the old ministers of the Han Dynasty were: Shang, Geng, Shi, Li, Tong, Zu, Cai, and Wang Bajia. Note that this is during the Yongzheng period, originally the Wu Sangui family was also one of the Han military families, but after the San Francisco Rebellion, the Wu clan was removed.
The Shang family refers to the descendants of Shang Kexi, the king of Pingnan; the Geng family refers to the descendants of Geng Zhongming, the king of Jingnan; (these two families are also the scourges of the San Francisco Rebellion, but their situation is much better than that of Wu Sangui); the Shi family is the descendants of the third-class Bo Shi Tingzhu; the Li family is the descendant of the first-class son Li Yongfang; the Tong family is the descendant of the first-class Duke Tong Yangzheng and the second-class son Tong Yangsheng; the Zu family is the descendant of the general bingzu Dashou; the Cai family is the descendant of Cai Yurong, the governor of Caoyun; and the Wang family is the descendant of the second-class son Wang Shixuan.
The above Han Junxun old family happens to have eight surnames, so there is a saying of "Eight Families of the Han Army". In fact, the Han military family is not only these eight families, but also the Fan Wencheng family, the Ning Guanmei family, the Hong Chengzuo family, the Li Chengliang family, the Gao Tianjue family, the Ma Guangyuan family, and so on, these families were all prominent in the Qing Dynasty, and the descendants of high-ranking officials and eminent lords.
Due to the limited space, it is not convenient to make a comprehensive analysis of the eight families of the Han Army here, and only briefly explain the situation of the Tong and Zu families.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > tong family</h1>
The situation of the Tong family is more special, and when introducing the eight surnames of Manchuria before, I talked about the Tong Jia family. So what is the connection between this Tong clan and tong Jia clan?
The Tong Jia clan is a large clan, divided into more than twenty tribes, and the areas with a large population are also widely distributed. Tong Jia was originally also a place name, which later became a surname. What we usually call Tong Jia is actually an old Manchurian surname.
The situation of the Tong clan mentioned above is different, the first generation of the Tong clan of the Han Army was Tong Yangzheng and Tong Yangsheng. Their names are not much different from those of the average Han Chinese, but they are actually Manchurian.
The Tong family lived in Tong Jia, and his ancestor Darhan Tumo lived in Kaiyuan for business and later moved to Fushun. Kaiyuan and Fushun were two important trade centers of the Ming Dynasty in the border areas, known as "Mashi". Darhan Tumo's business is ginseng, mink, and medicinal herbs, and he often deals with Han Chinese.
Tong Yangzheng and Tong Yangsheng are descendants of Dahan Tumo, and their father, grandfather, and even themselves are all generals of the Ming Dynasty. After Nurhaci attacked Fushun, they surrendered to the Later Jin Dynasty. In the Imperial Taiji period, it was classified as the banner of the Han Army.
The Tong family was extremely prominent in the early Qing Dynasty, especially the Kangxi Dynasty reached its peak, Tong Guogang. Tong Guowei was a major courtier, and the Kangxi Emperor's birth mother and Kangxi's Empress Xiaoyiren were also from the Tong clan.
Tong Guogang made a recital on March 17, 27, Kangxi, saying:
"The thief's ancestors were originally manchurian, and they were lured into Kaiyuan by the Ming people and imprisoned and put in Fushun. Later Emperor Gao of Taizu took Fushun and sent his subjects Yang Zhen (正) and most of his clan to live in Foala. In the Ming Dynasty, the subject family was originally from Manchuria, and hundreds of subjects were killed. Jinchen and others are still among the Han army, can they tell my emperor without sadness and hatred? Please return to Manchuria. ”
In view of the fact that the Tong family was a prominent family, and tong Yangzheng and Tong Yangsheng were both Manchurian, the Kangxi Emperor carried the Tong clan from the Han army banner to the Manchurian flag and changed the Tong clan to the Tong Jia clan. However, due to the large number of subordinates and the large population of the Tong family, some of them are still Han military banners.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" > ancestral family</h1>
After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming army had two major military forces in the Liaodong region, one was Li Chengliang's "Li Family Army" and the other was Zu Dashou's "Zu Family Army".
After the Battle of Salhu, Li Chengliang's family declined, and the border defense of Liaodong mainly relied on the support of the ancestral family. In July of the fifth year of Tiancong, Emperor Taiji led an army to besiege Dalinghe City, and Zu Dashou and other breakthroughs could not be forced to surrender falsely. Soon Zu Dashou sneaked into Jinzhou City, but most of Zu Dashou's men and horses had already surrendered to the Qing army, and although Zu Dashou tried to maintain loyalty to the Ming Dynasty, it was difficult to turn the tide.
In the seventh year of Chongde, the Ming army was defeated in the Jinsong War, and Zu Dashou surrendered to the Qing army again in desperation, and the Emperor Taiji treated him with courtesy and assigned him to the Yellow Banner of the Han Army.
After Zu Dashou was demoted to the Qing Dynasty, the official zhizheng yellow banner was the chief soldier, and many of his sons and nephews were high-ranking officials and prominent lords. The eldest son ZePu served as the governor of Shandong and the governor of Fujian; the second son Ze Chun served as the deputy governor of Zhenghuangqi; and the third son Zeqing served as the commander-in-chief of Gaozhou.
Until the Qing army entered the customs, the Zu family was very trusted by the Qing Emperor, and many of his sons held important positions throughout the country, including Zu Dashou's grandson Zu Liangbi, who served as a general in Fuzhou during the Kangxi Dynasty.
The status of the Han military family in the Qing Dynasty was much higher than that of the average Han, and their descendants also enjoyed privileges in terms of office, and established a special vacancy for the Han army. This is also the Qing Dynasty ruler in order to praise their ancestors' merits, to give a certain amount of care. In fact, these people from the Han military family are not much different from the Manchurian and Mongolian bannermen.