<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" >2.2 Zi Yue: "Three hundred poems, in a word, it is: 'Thinking innocence'. ”</h1>
Confucius said: "The three hundred poems of the Book of Poetry can be summed up in one sentence, that is, 'out of the heart, sincere and unpretentious'. ”
Innocence of Thought, from the Book of Poetry, Lu Song And The Book of Poetry.
In this chapter, Confucius quotes this verse to summarize the three hundred and five poems in the Book of Poetry.
However, the understanding of "thinking innocence" by later generations is varied and each has its own opinion.
1. One opinion holds that "thinking innocence" is Confucius's summary of the content of the poem, and "thinking innocence" means "removing evil and returning to righteousness" and "pure thinking".
In the Han Dynasty, Bao Xian believed, "Thinking is innocent and returning to zhengye." Emperor Kan of Liang of the Southern Dynasty believed that this was a matter of citing "poetry" to prove that "for the sake of government and morality". He also quoted The Jin Dynasty Wei Huan as saying, "It is not known that thinking is righteous, but that thinking is innocent, that ming is innocent, that there is no such thing as thinking evil, and that evil is in harmony with righteousness." Xing Fu of the Northern Song Dynasty believed that the way to govern was to remove evil and return to righteousness. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty believed, "Whoever says good in the Poems can inspire the goodness of man; the evil one can punish the yizhi of man, and its use is attributed to the righteousness of man's affection." ”
This theory interprets "thought" as "desire" and "thought", and "innocence" as "removal from evil", or "no evil thoughts". This kind of explanation, which is quite similar to that of those who hope for literature and righteousness in later generations, has always been followed by many people, and there are almost certain opinions, but the voice of doubt is not endless.
A "poem", "book", "ritual", "music", "Spring and Autumn", "Zhou Yi", all of which are the places of taoism. If the Psalms can be summed up in terms of "thinking of innocence," then are the other Five Classics "evil"? Is it "evil in thought"? If the Six Classics can all be summed up in terms of "thinking innocently," how is the Psalm different from the other Five Classics?
Wang Minyun of the Qing Dynasty said, "Poetry Wing Ma, is there evil and righteousness in the horse?" This means, "The poem "The Horse" was originally a song of horses, but is there evil and righteousness in horses?" ”
2. Another opinion holds that "thinking innocence" is Confucius's summary of the artistic characteristics of the Book of Poetry, and "thinking innocence" means "overflowing with emotion, writing heartfelt songs directly, and being sincere and unpretentious".
Cheng Yi said: "Those who think of innocence are sincere. (Commentary on the Analects) "Thinking of innocence" means "sincerity."
Zhang Yu said: "Although the three hundred beautiful evil and evil thorns in the Poem are different, and the words are all out of compassion and publicity, so the phrase 'thinking innocence' can be concealed. ("Mr. Nanxuan's Analects")
Li Zhongfu said: "The Six Classics are all the words of the ancient sages to save the world, and every word and sentence is nothing more than designed for the physical and mental lives of future generations. Today's people only read the words, and do not recognize the will of the ancients, so the white head is poor, and it is not beneficial to their own physical and mental life. That is to say, as the "poems" are taught, it was originally to teach people the law that is appropriate for them, and to abstain from what is appropriate, to remove evil for the sake of good, and not to have evil ears, so it is called 'poetry with Taoist disposition'. If the disciples recite so many chapters that the good does not persuade and the evil does not punish, it is the temperament of the lover who tires his disposition. (The Four Books reflexively)
This opinion has its theoretical and practical basis.
A "Preface to Poetry": "Poets, the place of ambition." In the heart for the aspiration, in the speech for the poem. Emotions are in the middle, and form is in words. "Therefore, it is gaining and losing, moving the heavens and the earth, feeling the ghosts and gods, and it is not close to poetry." The first kings thought that they were husband and wife, became filial piety, were kind, beautified, and moved customs. ”
B Confucius said: "Prosper in poetry, stand in etiquette, and become happy." (Tabor) develops emotion through poetry, cultivates behavior through etiquette, and achieves virtue through music.
C Zhuangzi said: "The Poems are based on Daozhi, the Book is Based on Taoist Affairs, the Rites are Daoxing, Le is Daohe, Yi is Daoyin and Yang, and Spring and Autumn is named after Dao. (Zhuangzi Tianxia) to the effect that "Poetry" is used to express thoughts and feelings, "Book" is used to describe political affairs, "Li" is used to express codes of conduct, "Music" is used to convey harmonious rhythms, "Yi" is used to clarify the mysteries of yin and yang changes, and "Spring and Autumn" is used to tell the dignity and inferiority of fame.
But the essence of the Book of Poetry is the literary creation of cultural people, not a moral article. Therefore, the "Book of Poetry" can "rejuvenate and look at the grievances of the masses", which is through literary means such as Fu Bixing, or directly express the chest, or a chant and three sighs, or a thousand turns, with true emotions, xingfa people's true disposition, with true feelings to move people, to sincerely transform people.
Jiang Boqian said: "Literature takes 'truth' as the first meaning, three hundred poems, great beauty stabs the politics of the imperial court, and the lyricism of small people writes about the feelings of men and women, all of which can establish their sincerity, so 'thinking innocence' is also." ”